DFS示例—计算湖水个数

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E - Lake Counting

Time Limit:1000MS     MemoryLimit:65536KB     64bit IO Format:%I64d& %I64u

Submit Status Practice POJ 2386

Description

Due to recentrains, water has pooled in various places in Farmer John's field, which isrepresented by a rectangle of N x M (1 <= N <= 100; 1 <= M <= 100)squares. Each square contains either water ('W') or dry land ('.'). Farmer Johnwould like to figure out how many ponds have formed in his field. A pond is aconnected set of squares with water in them, where a square is consideredadjacent to all eight of its neighbors. 

Given a diagram of Farmer John's field, determine how many ponds he has.

Input

* Line 1: Twospace-separated integers: N and M 

* Lines 2..N+1: M characters per line representing one row of Farmer John'sfield. Each character is either 'W' or '.'. The characters do not have spacesbetween them.

Output

* Line 1: Thenumber of ponds in Farmer John's field.

Sample Input

10 12

W........WW.

.WWW.....WWW

....WW...WW.

.........WW.

.........W..

..W......W..

.W.W.....WW.

W.W.W.....W.

.W.W......W.

..W.......W.

Sample Output

3



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读题目就知道,这个是计算W可以连成多少个小湖的问题,而且他规定可以上下左右斜上斜下这样去寻找,

这时候要想到搜索这部分,也就是BFS和DFS,BFS是寻找最短路径的,在这题目中并不适合,所以直接用DFS就可以了,一直走。

这题目只需要计算湖水的个数,跟一般的DFS题目还不一样,不需要去记录步数,所以直接将输入的示例通过上下左右斜上斜下这样把水W变成点 (这道题是不完整的DFS,但是简单)。 

整理下思路:先读入到数组里面,然后先通过暴力,一个一个点去寻找,遇到了W点,计算所用变量加1,将这个点的坐标放入DFS中,将相邻的W全部变成点 。 ,搜索完后退出,继续暴力搜索,再次遇到重复刚才步骤,直到全部搜索完。

以下是代码实现:

#include<stdio.h>

const int maxn=100+5;

char tuxing[maxn][maxn];

int hang,lie;

 

void dfs(int x,int y)

{

         intnx,ny;

         inti,j;

         for(i=-1;i<2;i++)  //这两个for循环是用来向八个方向上下左右斜上斜下搜索的

                                    //也可以用一个数组a[][2]={1,0,-1,0,0,1,0,-1,1,1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,-1}来向八个方向搜索

                  for(j=-1;j<2;j++)

                  {

                          nx=x+i;  //生成新的x和y坐标

                          ny=y+j;

                          if(nx>=0&&nx<hang&&ny>=0&&ny<lie&&tuxing[nx][ny]=='W') //DFS或者BFS都需要一个限制条件,这个地方就保证

                                                                                                                          //新的x和y坐标不会越界且新的(x,y)点是W

                          {

                                   tuxing[nx][ny]='.';

                                   dfs(nx,ny);

                          }

                  }

 }

 

int main()

{

         intnum=0;

         inti,j;

         scanf("%d%d",&hang,&lie);

         for(i=0;i<hang;i++)

                  scanf("%s",&tuxing[i]);  //读入所给数据,这个地方我一开始是用的%c来读取,这就会出现一个问题,会读取到‘/n’,所以                                                                                   //用%s是最方便快捷的

         for(i=0;i<hang;i++)

                  for(j=0;j<lie;j++)

                          if(tuxing[i][j]=='W')

                          {

                                   tuxing[i][j]='.';   //这一步其实加不加都无所谓,首先dfs中斜上斜下寻找会将他变成‘。’,其次,这个点在

                                                           //暴力搜索中也不会再回来找这个点的,不会让计数用的num++。但也有个问题,运算上大了点

                                   dfs(i,j);

                                   num++;

                          }

         printf("%d",num);

 }


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