iOS 本地通知详解

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//
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
     
    _window=[[UIWindow alloc]initWithFrame:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds];
     
    _window.backgroundColor =[UIColor colorWithRed:249/255.0 green:249/255.0 blue:249/255.0 alpha:1];
     
    //设置全局导航条风格和颜色
    [[UINavigationBar appearance] setBarTintColor:[UIColor colorWithRed:23/255.0 green:180/255.0 blue:237/255.0 alpha:1]];
    [[UINavigationBar appearance] setBarStyle:UIBarStyleBlack];
     
    KCMainViewController *mainController=[[KCMainViewController alloc]init];
    _window.rootViewController=mainController;
     
    [_window makeKeyAndVisible];
    //如果已经获得发送通知的授权则创建本地通知,否则请求授权(注意:如果不请求授权在设置中是没有对应的通知设置项的,也就是说如果从来没有发送过请求,即使通过设置也打不开消息允许设置)
    if ([[UIApplication sharedApplication]currentUserNotificationSettings].types!=UIUserNotificationTypeNone) {
        [self addLocalNotification];
    }else{
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication]registerUserNotificationSettings:[UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeAlert|UIUserNotificationTypeBadge|UIUserNotificationTypeSound  categories:nil]];
    }
     
    return YES;
}
#pragma mark 调用过用户注册通知方法之后执行(也就是调用完registerUserNotificationSettings:方法之后执行)
-(void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterUserNotificationSettings:(UIUserNotificationSettings *)notificationSettings{
    if (notificationSettings.types!=UIUserNotificationTypeNone) {
        [self addLocalNotification];
    }
}
#pragma mark 进入前台后设置消息信息
-(void)applicationWillEnterForeground:(UIApplication *)application{
    [[UIApplication sharedApplication]setApplicationIconBadgeNumber:0];//进入前台取消应用消息图标
}
#pragma mark - 私有方法
#pragma mark 添加本地通知
-(void)addLocalNotification{
     
    //定义本地通知对象
    UILocalNotification *notification=[[UILocalNotification alloc]init];
    //设置调用时间
    notification.fireDate=[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:10.0];//通知触发的时间,10s以后
    notification.repeatInterval=2;//通知重复次数
    //notification.repeatCalendar=[NSCalendar currentCalendar];//当前日历,使用前最好设置时区等信息以便能够自动同步时间
     
    //设置通知属性
    notification.alertBody=@"最近添加了诸多有趣的特性,是否立即体验?"//通知主体
    notification.applicationIconBadgeNumber=1;//应用程序图标右上角显示的消息数
    notification.alertAction=@"打开应用"//待机界面的滑动动作提示
    notification.alertLaunchImage=@"Default";//通过点击通知打开应用时的启动图片,这里使用程序启动图片
    //notification.soundName=UILocalNotificationDefaultSoundName;//收到通知时播放的声音,默认消息声音
    notification.soundName=@"msg.caf";//通知声音(需要真机才能听到声音)
     
    //设置用户信息
    notification.userInfo=@{@"id":@1,@"user":@"Kenshin Cui"};//绑定到通知上的其他附加信息
     
    //调用通知
    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] scheduleLocalNotification:notification];
}
#pragma mark 移除本地通知,在不需要此通知时记得移除
-(void)removeNotification{
    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] cancelAllLocalNotifications];
}
@end

首先是添加一个本地通知到系统中,代码如下:

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// 初始化本地通知对象
UILocalNotification *notification = [[UILocalNotification alloc] init];
if(notification) {
    // 设置通知的提醒时间
    NSDate *currentDate   = [NSDate date];
    notification.timeZone = [NSTimeZone defaultTimeZone]; // 使用本地时区
    notification.fireDate = [currentDate dateByAddingTimeInterval:5.0];
     
    // 设置重复间隔
    notification.repeatInterval = kCFCalendarUnitDay;
     
    // 设置提醒的文字内容
    notification.alertBody   = @"Wake up, man";
    notification.alertAction = NSLocalizedString(@"起床了", nil);
     
    // 通知提示音 使用默认的
    notification.soundName= UILocalNotificationDefaultSoundName;
     
    // 设置应用程序右上角的提醒个数
    notification.applicationIconBadgeNumber++;
     
    // 设定通知的userInfo,用来标识该通知
    NSMutableDictionary *aUserInfo = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    aUserInfo[kLocalNotificationID] = @"LocalNotificationID";
    notification.userInfo = aUserInfo;
     
    // 将通知添加到系统中
    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] scheduleLocalNotification:notification];
}

上面的alertBody是设备收到本地通知时横额或锁屏时的主要文字内容,alertActions是锁屏时显示的slide to后面的文字内容。例如:

\\


repeatInterval表示通知的重复间隔,在SDK中定义如下:

<喎�"http://www.2cto.com/kf/ware/vc/" target="_blank" class="keylink">vcD4KPHByZSBjbGFzcz0="brush:java;">@property(nonatomic) NSCalendarUnit repeatInterval; // 0 means don't repeat
其取值主要有:

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NSCalendarUnitEra                = kCFCalendarUnitEra,
NSCalendarUnitYear               = kCFCalendarUnitYear,
NSCalendarUnitMonth              = kCFCalendarUnitMonth,
NSCalendarUnitDay                = kCFCalendarUnitDay,
NSCalendarUnitHour               = kCFCalendarUnitHour,
NSCalendarUnitMinute             = kCFCalendarUnitMinute,
NSCalendarUnitSecond             = kCFCalendarUnitSecond,
NSCalendarUnitWeekday            = kCFCalendarUnitWeekday,
NSCalendarUnitWeekdayOrdinal     = kCFCalendarUnitWeekdayOrdinal,

分别表示一个世纪、一年、一个月等等,0表示不重复。具体可以查看CFCalendar Reference

repeatInterval的下限应该是NSCalendarUnitMinute,即每分钟重复发送一次通知。

如果设置为NSCalendarUnitSecond,那么消息不会重复,每秒发送一次通知,iOS系统当然不会容许这样的存在了。

这里比较不好的一点是该值不能自定义(很遗憾,NSCalendarUnit是个枚举类型),例如你不能塞个10.0给它从而希望它每十秒重复一次。所以如果你想每20分钟发送一次通知,一小时内发送3次,那么只能同时设定三个通知了。



上面的代码运行后,5秒钟之后就可以收到一个本地通知。

在收到通知后,调用程序委托中的下列方法处理:

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-(void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveLocalNotification:(UILocalNotification *)notification{
    NSLog(@"Application did receive local notifications");
     
    UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Hello"message:@"welcome"delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"OK"otherButtonTitles:nil, nil];
    [alert show];
}

注意这个方法只有在程序启动之后才会执行,因此当程序处于后台时,该方法不会执行。


有一点需要注意,如果我们的应用程序给系统发送的本地通知是周期性的,那么即使把程序删了重装,之前的本地通知在重装时依然存在(没有从系统中移除)。例如,我们在viewDidLoad方法中启动添加本地通知的方法,多跑几次,然后把程序在模拟器中删除,再重新跑,并用下列方法输出所有的本地通知:

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NSArray *localNotifications = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] scheduledLocalNotifications];
NSLog(@"%@", localNotifications);

控制台输出:

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2014-03-1415:46:37.145LocalNotificationDemo[4419:60b] (
    "<uiconcretelocalnotification: 0xa32ce30="">{fire date = Friday, March 14, 2014 at 3:38:16 PM China Standard Time, time zone = Asia/Chongqing (GMT+8) offset 28800, repeat interval = NSDayCalendarUnit, repeat count = UILocalNotificationInfiniteRepeatCount, next fire date = Saturday, March 15, 2014 at 3:38:16 PM China Standard Time, user info = {\n    ClockID = LocalNotificationID;\n}}",
    "<uiconcretelocalnotification: 0xa32dfc0="">{fire date = Friday, March 14, 2014 at 3:44:45 PM China Standard Time, time zone = Asia/Chongqing (GMT+8) offset 28800, repeat interval = NSDayCalendarUnit, repeat count = UILocalNotificationInfiniteRepeatCount, next fire date = Saturday, March 15, 2014 at 3:44:45 PM China Standard Time, user info = {\n    ClockID = LocalNotificationID;\n}}",
    "<uiconcretelocalnotification: 0xa32e470="">{fire date = Friday, March 14, 2014 at 3:44:55 PM China Standard Time, time zone = Asia/Chongqing (GMT+8) offset 28800, repeat interval = NSDayCalendarUnit, repeat count = UILocalNotificationInfiniteRepeatCount, next fire date = Saturday, March 15, 2014 at 3:44:55 PM China Standard Time, user info = {\n    ClockID = LocalNotificationID;\n}}",
    "<uiconcretelocalnotification: 0xa32e950="">{fire date = Friday, March 14, 2014 at 3:45:13 PM China Standard Time, time zone = Asia/Chongqing (GMT+8) offset 28800, repeat interval = NSDayCalendarUnit, repeat count = UILocalNotificationInfiniteRepeatCount, next fire date = Saturday, March 15, 2014 at 3:45:13 PM China Standard Time, user info = {\n    ClockID = LocalNotificationID;\n}}",
    "<uiconcretelocalnotification: 0xa32edb0="">{fire date = Friday, March 14, 2014 at 3:45:29 PM China Standard Time, time zone = Asia/Chongqing (GMT+8) offset 28800, repeat interval = NSDayCalendarUnit, repeat count = UILocalNotificationInfiniteRepeatCount, next fire date = Saturday, March 15, 2014 at 3:45:29 PM China Standard Time, user info = {\n    ClockID = LocalNotificationID;\n}}",
    "<uiconcretelocalnotification: 0xa32e870="">{fire date = Friday, March 14, 2014 at 3:46:28 PM China Standard Time, time zone = Asia/Chongqing (GMT+8) offset 28800, repeat interval = NSDayCalendarUnit, repeat count = UILocalNotificationInfiniteRepeatCount, next fire date = Saturday, March 15, 2014 at 3:46:28 PM China Standard Time, user info = {\n    ClockID = LocalNotificationID;\n}}"
)</uiconcretelocalnotification:></uiconcretelocalnotification:></uiconcretelocalnotification:></uiconcretelocalnotification:></uiconcretelocalnotification:></uiconcretelocalnotification:>

可以看到之前发送的本地通知一直滞留在系统中。

不只是模拟器,在iOS设备上也是这样,博主之前的App在设备上重装时以前的本地通知会继续发送。

因此我们需要取消通知的方法,当然该对象也会在scheduledLocalNotifications数组中移除。

取消方法分为两种。

第一种比较暴力,直接取消所有的本地通知:

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[[UIApplication sharedApplication] cancelAllLocalNotifications];

这个适合在App重装时第一次启动的时候,或还原程序默认设置等场合下使用。

第二种方法是针对某个特定通知的:

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- (void)cancelLocalNotification:(UILocalNotification *)notification NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);

这时就需要通知有一个标识,这样我们才能定位是哪一个通知。可以在notification的userInfo(一个字典)中指定。

例如:

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-(void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveLocalNotification:(UILocalNotification *)notification{
    NSLog(@"Application did receive local notifications");
     
    // 取消某个特定的本地通知
    for(UILocalNotification *noti in [[UIApplication sharedApplication] scheduledLocalNotifications]) {
        NSString *notiID = noti.userInfo[kLocalNotificationID];
        NSString *receiveNotiID = notification.userInfo[kLocalNotificationID];
        if([notiID isEqualToString:receiveNotiID]) {
            [[UIApplication sharedApplication] cancelLocalNotification:notification];
            return;
        }
    }
     
    UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Hello"message:@"welcome"delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"OK"otherButtonTitles:nil, nil];
    [alert show];
}


最后建议本地通知不要发得太频繁,不然用户会觉得非常的烦。


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