贪吃蛇项目总结

以下总结,在此次项目中遇到的问题以及解决方法:

控制台 显示设置:

#include <windows.h>
//void pf(int x, int y, const char & ch) // X坐标, y坐标, 输出的字符
//{
// HANDLE two = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); //取得输出句柄
//     还有别的两种句柄 输入:STD_INPUT_HANDLE, 错误流:STD_ERROR_HANDLE
// COORD coor; //定义一个控制台光标坐标变量
// coor.X = x;  //给光标的X赋值
// coor.Y = y;  //给光标的y赋值
// SetConsoleCursorPosition(two,coor); //传给修改函数修改
// cout << ch;
//}
//
//void hideCur()
//{
// HANDLE h = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); //取得输出句柄 
// CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cur; 定义一个光标信息结构体
// cur.bVisible = FALSE; //光标可见性
// cur.dwSize = 1; //光标宽度
// SetConsoleCursorInfo(h,&cur); //设置信息到控制台
//}

数据类型:

//size_t a = 2222; //无符号64位
//cout << a;

//快捷功能:
//1,F12跳转到定义 ctrl + Shift + 8可以跳转回来
//F5启动调试
//F9 增加删除断点
//F10 单步调试
//F11 逐语句调试 进入所有函数
//F10 逐过程调试 不进入函数
//Shift + F5 停止调试
//F5 继续

Vector:

#include <vector>
/*vector<int>num;    //迭代器的使用
num.push_back(1);
num.push_back(2);
num.push_back(3);
num.push_back(4);
vector<int>::iterator itr = num.begin();
int i = -1;
for(itr; itr != num.end(); itr ++)
{
i ++;
}
cout << i;*/


//释放vector新技能get
//vector<type>.swap(yourVector) //释放vector的内存 clear做不到的

键盘:

#include <conio>

//kbhit() //检测键盘是否按下
getch()//获得键盘按键不回显

需要两个getch() 才能接收到方向键盘的值 但是 除了方向键盘 别的键只需一个getch()就能完成接收 解决办法:

char ch;
ch = getch();
if(ch != KEY_ENTER)  //回车一个getch()可以完成接受回车键,但是方向键需要两个getch()完成接受
{
ch = getch();
}

宏定义 一个[a,b) 之间的随机数:

#define R(a,b) (int)(((double)rand()/RAND_MAX)*((b)-(a)) + (a))

代码如下:

sn.h

#ifndef SN_H_#define SN_H_#include <string>#include <vector>#include <Windows.h>#include <conio.h>#include <iostream>#include <string>#define R(a,b) (int)(((double)rand()/RAND_MAX)*((b)-(a)) + (a))#define KNOCKED_WALL 0#define KNOCKED_FOOD 1#define KNOCKED_NOTHING 2;#define KEY_UP 72#define KEY_RIGHT 77#define KEY_DOWN 80#define KEY_LEFT 75#define KEY_ENTER 13#define MENUCHA "→"#define SNAHEAD "H" #define SNABODY "b"#define FOODS "f" struct sna_body{<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int x;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int y;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int col;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>char *ch;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>sna_body(int x, int y, int col, char *ch)<span style="white-space:pre"></span>{<span style="white-space:pre"></span>this->x = x;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>this->y = y;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>this->col = col;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>this->ch = new char[strlen(ch) + 1]; //深拷贝<span style="white-space:pre"></span>strcpy(this->ch,ch);<span style="white-space:pre"></span>}<span style="white-space:pre"></span>~sna_body()<span style="white-space:pre"></span>{<span style="white-space:pre"></span><span style="white-space:pre"></span>}};struct coor_col{<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int x;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int y;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int c;};struct food{<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int x;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int y;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int col;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>char *ch;};using namespace std;//格式类class words{public :<span style="white-space:pre"></span>//字体颜色,背景颜色<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void setColor(unsigned short ForeColor,unsigned short BackGroundColor = 0) const <span style="white-space:pre"></span>{<span style="white-space:pre"></span>HANDLE hCon=GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);<span style="white-space:pre"></span>SetConsoleTextAttribute(hCon,ForeColor|BackGroundColor);<span style="white-space:pre"></span>}<span style="white-space:pre"></span>//光标大小&光标可见性<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void hideCursor(BOOL j = FALSE) const<span style="white-space:pre"></span>{<span style="white-space:pre"></span>HANDLE hCon=GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);<span style="white-space:pre"></span>CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cur;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>cur.bVisible = j;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>cur.dwSize = 1;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>SetConsoleCursorInfo(hCon,&cur);<span style="white-space:pre"></span>}<span style="white-space:pre"></span>//文字位置<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void wordsLoca(int x, int y)<span style="white-space:pre"></span>{<span style="white-space:pre"></span>HANDLE hCon=GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);<span style="white-space:pre"></span>COORD coor;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>coor.X = x;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>coor.Y = y;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>SetConsoleCursorPosition(hCon,coor);<span style="white-space:pre"></span>}};//snak 类class sna{private:<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int nowKey; //当前按键<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int life; // 生命<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int greds; //成绩<span style="white-space:pre"></span>bool lifeBeenChange;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int snackSleepTime; //自动移动睡眠时间<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int singleSleepTime;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>food f;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>struct moveDir<span style="white-space:pre"></span>{<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int x;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int y;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>}moveDir;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>vector<sna_body> Snake;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>words format;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>//根据迭代器 获得下标;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int getLastoneIndex();<span style="white-space:pre"></span>//设置蛇的输出位置 颜色<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void setSnaFormat(sna_body s);<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void printSna();<span style="white-space:pre"></span>//吃到食物<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void eatFood();<span style="white-space:pre"></span>//移动<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void move();<span style="white-space:pre"></span>//生成食物<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void buildFood();<span style="white-space:pre"></span>//输出食物<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void printFood();<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void autoMove();<span style="white-space:pre"></span>//碰撞检测<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int colider();<span style="white-space:pre"></span>bool cloider_self();<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void dieFlash();<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void gameOver();public:<span style="white-space:pre"></span>sna(sna_body s);<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void getKey();<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void begin();};//界面类class menu{private:<span style="white-space:pre"></span>coor_col title; //标题<span style="white-space:pre"></span>coor_col start_1; //开始的项目符号<span style="white-space:pre"></span>coor_col start_2; //开始<span style="white-space:pre"></span>coor_col level_1; //等级<span style="white-space:pre"></span>coor_col level_2; //等级项目符号<span style="white-space:pre"></span>words format; //格式化对象<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int select_num;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>//****************************************************************<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void confiFlash() ;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>//设置title 坐标,颜色,内容<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void setTitle(const coor_col &a);<span style="white-space:pre"></span>//设置start 坐标,颜色,内容<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void setStart(const coor_col &st_1, const coor_col &st_2);<span style="white-space:pre"></span>//设置title 坐标,颜色,内容<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void setLevel(const coor_col &le_1, const coor_col &le_2) ;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>//*****************************************************************<span style="white-space:pre"></span>coor_col getTitle() const {return title;}<span style="white-space:pre"></span>coor_col getLevel_1() const {return level_1;}<span style="white-space:pre"></span>coor_col getLevel_2() const {return level_2;}<span style="white-space:pre"></span>coor_col getStart_1() const {return start_1;}<span style="white-space:pre"></span>coor_col getStart_2() const {return start_2;}<span style="white-space:pre"></span>//*******************************************************************<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void drawTitle(const string & str);<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void drawStart(const char *ch, const string & str);<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void drawLevel(const char *ch, const string & str) ;public:<span style="white-space:pre"></span>menu();//构造函数<span style="white-space:pre"></span>int getSelectNum() const {return this->select_num;}<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void select();<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void drawMenu(coor_col &format,coor_col &format_2);<span style="white-space:pre"></span>void beginClean();//开始动画};#endif

SNACK.cpp

#include "sn.h"// class sna :sna::sna(sna_body s) //构造函数{snackSleepTime = 500;singleSleepTime = 100;this->life = 100;this->greds = 0;this->lifeBeenChange = false;nowKey = KEY_RIGHT; //默认按键 向右moveDir.x = s.x;moveDir.y = s.y;sna_body head = s;sna_body head1(s.x-1,s.y,3,SNABODY);sna_body head2(head1.x-1,head1.y,head1.col,head1.ch);Snake.push_back(head);Snake.push_back(head1);Snake.push_back(head2);this->printSna();this->buildFood();}int sna::getLastoneIndex(){int i = -1;vector<sna_body>::iterator itr = Snake.begin();for(;itr != Snake.end(); itr ++){i++;}return i;}//设置蛇的输出位置 颜色void sna::setSnaFormat(sna_body s){format.setColor(s.col);format.wordsLoca(s.x,s.y);}void sna::printSna(){for(vector<sna_body>::iterator itr = Snake.begin(); itr != Snake.end(); itr ++){setSnaFormat(*itr);cout << itr->ch;}}//吃到食物void sna::eatFood(){greds ++;//更新成绩显示format.wordsLoca(93,3);cout << "GREDS: ";format.wordsLoca(99,3);format.setColor(3);cout << greds << endl;sna_body got(f.x, f.y, Snake.begin()->col, Snake.begin()->ch);Snake.insert(Snake.begin(),got); //开始位置插入节点Snake[1].ch = Snake[2].ch;Snake[1].col = Snake[2].col;this->printSna();this->buildFood(); //新建一个食物}void sna::move(){if(colider() == KNOCKED_WALL) //撞墙或者撞到自己{this->life --;this->lifeBeenChange = true;dieFlash();}else if(colider() == KNOCKED_FOOD) //撞到食物{eatFood(); //吃到食物}else{sna_body newHead(moveDir.x, moveDir.y,Snake[0].col,Snake[0].ch);//新的头结点等于新的移动坐标,等于原来的ch内容Snake.insert(Snake.begin(),newHead); //插入新的节点Snake[1].ch = Snake[2].ch;//第二个节点(原来的头)等于第三个节点内容,位置不变Snake[1].col = Snake[2].col; //更改最后一个节点内容为空格,然后输出SNAKE,然后删掉最后一个节点Snake[getLastoneIndex()].ch = " ";this->printSna();Snake.pop_back();}}void sna::buildFood(){bool foodOk = true;do{foodOk = true;f.x = R(1,23); //xf.y = R(1,89); //yfor(vector<sna_body>::iterator itr = Snake.begin(); itr != Snake.end(); itr ++){if((itr->x == f.x && itr->y == f.y) || f.x <= 0 || f.x >= 89 || f.y <= 0 || f.y >= 24){foodOk = false;break;}}}while(!foodOk);if(foodOk){}//char *t = f.ch = FOODS;f.col = 4; //红色;//输出食物printFood();}void sna::printFood(){format.wordsLoca(f.x, f.y);format.setColor(f.col);cout << f.ch;}void sna::getKey(){while(true){int sleepTime = 0;while(sleepTime != snackSleepTime){if(kbhit())//如果检测到按键{sleepTime = 0;getch();this->nowKey = getch();if(nowKey == KEY_UP) //上{moveDir.y = Snake.begin()->y - 1;}else if(nowKey == KEY_RIGHT) //右{moveDir.x = Snake.begin()->x + 1;}else if(nowKey == KEY_DOWN) //下{moveDir.y = Snake.begin()->y + 1;}else if(nowKey == KEY_LEFT)//左{moveDir.x = Snake.begin()->x - 1;}move();if(this->life <= 0) //生命指使用完{gameOver(); //结束游戏return;}}sleepTime += singleSleepTime;Sleep(singleSleepTime); //单次睡眠时间越大 连续按键移动速度越慢,因为扫面按键时间变短了}if(this->lifeBeenChange) //死后停止不动,按键按下才向前动{this->lifeBeenChange = false;}else{autoMove();if(this->life <= 0) //生命指使用完{gameOver(); //结束游戏return;}}}}void sna::autoMove(){if(nowKey == KEY_UP){moveDir.y  --;}else if(nowKey == KEY_RIGHT){moveDir.x ++;}else if(nowKey == KEY_DOWN){moveDir.y ++;}else if(nowKey == KEY_LEFT){moveDir.x --;}move();}void sna::begin(){getKey();}bool sna::cloider_self(){for(vector<sna_body>::iterator itr = Snake.begin();itr != Snake.end(); itr ++){if(moveDir.x == itr->x && moveDir.y == itr->y){cout << itr->x << " " <<itr->y << endl;cout << moveDir.x << " " << moveDir.y << endl;return true;}}return false;}int sna::colider(){if(moveDir.x <= 0 || moveDir.x >= 89 || moveDir.y <= 0 || moveDir.y >= 24 || cloider_self())//撞墙 || 撞自己{format.wordsLoca(93,5);cout << "LIFE: " << this->life - 1; //更新生命显示format.wordsLoca(3,3);cout << moveDir.x << " " << moveDir.y << endl;if(nowKey == KEY_UP) //恢复错误 免得困在死亡无法逃生{moveDir.y ++;}if(nowKey == KEY_DOWN){moveDir.y --;}if(nowKey == KEY_LEFT){moveDir.x ++;}if(nowKey == KEY_RIGHT){moveDir.x --;}format.wordsLoca(3,4);cout << moveDir.x << " " << moveDir.y << endl;return KNOCKED_WALL;}else if(moveDir.x == f.x && moveDir.y == f.y){return KNOCKED_FOOD;}return KNOCKED_NOTHING;}void sna::dieFlash(){int T = 3;while(T--){for(vector<sna_body>::iterator itr = Snake.begin(); itr != Snake.end(); itr ++){format.wordsLoca(itr->x,itr->y);cout << " ";}Sleep(400);this->printSna();Sleep(400);}}void sna::gameOver(){vector<sna_body>().swap(Snake); //通过swap释放vector内存format.setColor(2); //绿色for(int y = 1; y < 24; y ++) //填满界面{format.wordsLoca(1,y);for(int i = 1; i < 89; i ++){Sleep(1);cout << "#";if(y == 12 && i == 42){format.setColor(4); //红色cout << "GAME OVER !";i += 11;format.setColor(2); //恢复绿色}}}Sleep(1000);for(int b_x = 1, e_x = 23; b_x <= 12 || e_x > 12; b_x ++, e_x --){for(int b_y = 1, e_y = 88; b_y < 89; b_y  ++, e_y --){format.wordsLoca(b_y,b_x);cout << " ";format.wordsLoca(e_y,e_x);cout << " ";Sleep(1);}}}//class menu:menu::menu(){words colo;colo.setColor(1);colo.hideCursor();this->select_num = 1;for(int i = 0; i < 90; i ++){format.wordsLoca(i,0); //第一排边框cout << "|";format.wordsLoca(i,24); //最后一排边框cout << "|";}for(int i = 0; i < 25; i ++){format.wordsLoca(0,i); //左边边框cout << "*";format.wordsLoca(89,i); //右边边框cout << "*";}}//设置title 坐标,颜色,内容void menu::confiFlash()  //确认闪烁{if(this->select_num == 1) //闪烁start{int T = 3;while(T){drawStart(" ","     "); //擦除输出Sleep(400);drawStart(MENUCHA,"START");Sleep(400);T --;}}else if(this->select_num == 2) //闪烁LEVEL{int T = 3;while(T){drawLevel(" ","     "); //擦除输出Sleep(400);drawLevel(MENUCHA,"LEVEL");Sleep(400);T --;}}}void menu::setTitle(const coor_col &a) {title.x = a.x, title.y = a.y, title.c = a.c;}//设置start 坐标,颜色,内容void menu::setStart(const coor_col &st_1, const coor_col &st_2){start_1.x = st_1.x, start_1.y = st_1.y, start_1.c = st_1.c,start_2.x = st_2.x, start_2.y = st_2.y, start_2.c = st_2.c;}//设置title 坐标,颜色,内容void menu::setLevel(const coor_col &le_1, const coor_col &le_2) {level_1.x = le_1.x, level_1.y = le_1.y, level_1.c = le_1.c;level_2.x = le_2.x, level_2.y = le_2.y, level_2.c = le_2.c;}void menu::drawTitle(const string & str){format.setColor(title.c); //设置标题颜色format.wordsLoca(title.x,title.y); //设置标题输出坐标cout << str; //输出标题}void menu::drawStart(const char *ch,const string & str){format.setColor(start_1.c); //设置标题颜色format.wordsLoca(start_1.x,start_1.y); //设置标题输出坐标wcout << ch;format.setColor(start_2.c);format.wordsLoca(start_2.x, start_2.y);cout << str; }void menu::drawLevel(const char *ch,const string & str){format.setColor(level_1.c); //设置标题颜色format.wordsLoca(level_1.x,level_1.y); //设置标题输出坐标cout << ch;format.setColor(level_2.c); format.wordsLoca(level_2.x,level_2.y); cout << str;}void menu::select(){while(true){char ch;ch = getch();if(ch != KEY_ENTER)  //回车一个getch()可以完成接受回车键,但是方向键需要两个getch()完成接受{ch = getch();}if(this->select_num == 1){if(ch == KEY_DOWN) //80 下键{this->select_num ++;drawStart(" ","START");drawLevel(MENUCHA,"LEVEL");}else if(ch == KEY_ENTER) //13 回车键{confiFlash(); //闪烁break;}}if(this->select_num == 2){if(ch == KEY_UP) //72 上键{this->select_num --;drawStart(MENUCHA,"START");drawLevel(" ","LEVEL");}else if(ch== KEY_ENTER) //13 回车键{confiFlash(); //闪烁break;}}}}void menu::drawMenu(coor_col &format,coor_col &format_2){this->setTitle(format);this->drawTitle("WELLCOME TO THE SNAKE");format.x = 25, format_2.x = format.x + 3; format.y = 10, format_2.y = format.y;format.c = 6, format_2.c = 3;this->setStart(format, format_2);this->drawStart(MENUCHA,"START");format.x = 25; format_2.x = format.x + 3;format.y = 12; format_2.y = format.y;format.c = 6; format_2.c = 3; this->setLevel(format,format_2);this->drawLevel(" ","LEVEL");}void menu::beginClean() //开始动画{for(int y = 1; y < 24; y ++){format.wordsLoca(1,y);for(int i = 1; i < 89; i ++)cout << " ";}//输出空格 填充过期的成绩format.wordsLoca(93,3);cout << "GREDS:     ";format.wordsLoca(93,5);cout << "LIFE: 3     ";//输出tipformat.wordsLoca(93,8);format.setColor(6);cout << "TIP:";format.wordsLoca(93,10);cout << "↑ "; cout << "向上移动";format.wordsLoca(93,12);cout << "↓ ";cout <<"向下移动";format.wordsLoca(93,14);cout << "← ";cout << "向左移动";format.wordsLoca(93,16);cout << "→ ";cout << "向右移动";}

MAIN.cpp

#include "sn.h"using namespace std;int main(){menu in_face;coor_col format;coor_col format_2;while(true){format.x = 35; //标题位置format.y = 5;format.c = 3;  //标题颜色in_face.drawMenu(format,format_2);in_face.select();int num = in_face.getSelectNum();in_face.beginClean();if(num == 1) //start{sna_body s_b(5,1,4,SNAHEAD);sna one(s_b);one.begin();}else if(num == 2){cout << "sorry, wait please...\n";}}return 1;}