零基础搭建SpringMVC4项目

转载地址http://blog.csdn.net/defonds/article/details/48031593

作者各必备工具的版本如下：

1. Tomcat：apache-tomcat-7.0.63 (下载链接)
2. Java EE - Eclipse：Luna Service Release 1 v4.4.1 (下载链接)
3. Spring：4.2.0.RELEASE (无须下载)
4. JDK：1.7.0_67 (下载链接)

步骤 1

使用 Java EE - Eclipse 新建一 Dynamic Web Project。

步骤 2

输入项目名 bdp。

Target Runtime 选 Apache Tomcat 7.0(不要选 Apache Tomcat 6.0，7 以后才支持 Servlet 3.0)。
点击 Next > 按钮。

步骤 3

编辑默认的 Source folders。
默认的 Source folders 配置如下：

删除默认的，增加以下四个并修改默认的输出目录为 WebContent\WEB-INF\classes:

• src/main/java
• src/main/resources
• src/test/java
• src/test/resources

点击 Next > 按钮。

步骤 4

Configure web module settings 对话框勾选 Generate web.xml deployment descriptor 选项：

点击 Finish 按钮。

步骤 5

将新建好的项目转换为 Maven 项目以管理项目依赖。
Package Explorer 视图下右击 bdp 项目名 -> Configure -> Convert to Maven project。

步骤 6

添加以下 jar 依赖到项目：

我的 pom.xml 文件如下：

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1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
2.     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  
3.     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  
4.     <groupId>bdp</groupId>  
5.     <artifactId>bdp</artifactId>  
6.     <version>1.0.0</version>  
7.     <packaging>war</packaging>  
8.     <name>bdp</name>  
9.     <description>Basic Data Platform</description>  
10.   
11.     <properties>  
12.         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>  
13.         <spring.version>4.2.0.RELEASE</spring.version>  
14.     </properties>  
15.   
16.     <dependencies>  
17.         <dependency>  
18.             <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
19.             <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>  
20.             <version>${spring.version}</version>  
21.         </dependency>  
22.         <dependency>  
23.             <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
24.             <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>  
25.             <version>${spring.version}</version>  
26.         </dependency>  
27.         <dependency>  
28.             <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
29.             <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>  
30.             <version>${spring.version}</version>  
31.         </dependency>  
32.         <dependency>  
33.             <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
34.             <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>  
35.             <version>${spring.version}</version>  
36.         </dependency>  
37.   
38.         <dependency>  
39.             <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>  
40.             <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>  
41.             <version>1.2</version>  
42.         </dependency>  
43.   
44.         <dependency>  
45.             <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>  
46.             <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>  
47.             <version>1.1.3</version>  
48.         </dependency>  
49.     </dependencies>  
50.   
51.     <build>  
52.         <plugins>  
53.             <plugin>  
54.                 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>  
55.                 <version>3.1</version>  
56.                 <configuration>  
57.                     <source>1.7</source>  
58.                     <target>1.7</target>  
59.                 </configuration>  
60.             </plugin>  
61.             <plugin>  
62.                 <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>  
63.                 <version>2.4</version>  
64.                 <configuration>  
65.                     <warSourceDirectory>WebContent</warSourceDirectory>  
66.                     <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>  
67.                 </configuration>  
68.             </plugin>  
69.         </plugins>  
70.     </build>  
71. </project>  

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>bdp</groupId><artifactId>bdp</artifactId><version>1.0.0</version><packaging>war</packaging><name>bdp</name><description>Basic Data Platform</description><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><spring.version>4.2.0.RELEASE</spring.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-context</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-web</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>jstl</artifactId><version>1.2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>commons-logging</groupId><artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId><version>1.1.3</version></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>3.1</version><configuration><source>1.7</source><target>1.7</target></configuration></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId><version>2.4</version><configuration><warSourceDirectory>WebContent</warSourceDirectory><failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml></configuration></plugin></plugins></build></project>

步骤 7

在 src/main/resources 目录下创建 Spring MVC Bean 配置文件 bdpmvc-servlet.xml。

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1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
3.     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"  
4.     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
5.     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
6.    
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd  
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">  
10.    
11.     <context:component-scan base-package="com.defonds.bdp.city.controller" />  
12.    
13.     <bean id="viewResolver"  
14.         class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver">  
15.         <property name="viewClass"  
16.             value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />  
17.         <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />  
18.         <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />  
19.     </bean>  
20. </beans>  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.defonds.bdp.city.controller" /> <bean id="viewResolver"class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver"><property name="viewClass"value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /><property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /><property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /></bean></beans>

以上 bdpmvc-servlet.xml 配置文件里，我们定义了一个<context:component-scan> 标签。这一配置将使 Spring 去加载com.defonds.bdp.city.controller 及其子包下的所有@Component、@Controller、@Service、@Repository 等注解了的类。
此外，我们还定义了一个 viewResolver bean，它将给 ModelAndView 的视图加上/WEB-INF/jsp/ 前缀以及 .jsp 后缀。比如我们的 CityController 类里返回了一个视图名为 welcome 的 ModelAndView 对象，它将被解析至路径/WEB-INF/jsp/welcome.jsp。

步骤 8

将 Spring MVC 映射到 /WEB-INF/web.xml 文件。

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1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">  
3.   <display-name>bdp</display-name>  
4.   <welcome-file-list>  
5.     <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>  
6.   </welcome-file-list>  
7.     
8.       <servlet>  
9.         <servlet-name>bdpmvc</servlet-name>  
10.         <servlet-class>  
11.             org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet  
12.         </servlet-class>  
13.         <init-param>  
14.             <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
15.             <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/bdpmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>  
16.         </init-param>  
17.         <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  
18.     </servlet>  
19.     <servlet-mapping>  
20.         <servlet-name>bdpmvc</servlet-name>  
21.         <url-pattern>*.json</url-pattern>  
22.         <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>  
23.     </servlet-mapping>  
24. </web-app>  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">  <display-name>bdp</display-name>  <welcome-file-list>    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>  </welcome-file-list>        <servlet>        <servlet-name>bdpmvc</servlet-name>        <servlet-class>            org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        </servlet-class>        <init-param>        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>        <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/bdpmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>        </init-param>        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>    </servlet>    <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>bdpmvc</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>*.json</url-pattern>        <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>    </servlet-mapping></web-app>

DispatcherServlet 初始化的时候将会读取 /WEB-INF/classes/ 下的 bdpmvc-servlet.xml 文件。

步骤 9

创建 Controller 类。

• 包：com.defonds.bdp.city.controller
• 类名：CityController.java

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1. /** 
2.  * File Name：CityController.java 
3.  * 
4.  * Copyright Defonds Corporation 2015  
5.  * All Rights Reserved 
6.  * 
7.  */  
8. package com.defonds.bdp.city.controller;  
9.   
10. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;  
11. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;  
12. import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;  
13.   
14. /** 
15.  *  
16.  * Project Name：bdp 
17.  * Type Name：CityController 
18.  * Type Description： 
19.  * Author：Defonds 
20.  * Create Date：2015-8-27 
21.  * @version  
22.  *  
23.  */  
24. @Controller  
25. @RequestMapping("/city")  
26. public class CityController {  
27.     @RequestMapping("/welcome")  
28.     public ModelAndView helloWorld() {  
29.    
30.         String message = "<br><div style='text-align:center;'>"  
31.                 + "<h3>********** Hello World, Spring MVC Tutorial</h3>This message is coming from CityController.java **********</div><br><br>";  
32.         return new ModelAndView("welcome", "message", message);  
33.     }  
34. }  

/** * File Name：CityController.java * * Copyright Defonds Corporation 2015  * All Rights Reserved * */package com.defonds.bdp.city.controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;/** *  * Project Name：bdp * Type Name：CityController * Type Description： * Author：Defonds * Create Date：2015-8-27 * @version  *  */@Controller@RequestMapping("/city")public class CityController {@RequestMapping("/welcome")public ModelAndView helloWorld() { String message = "<br><div style='text-align:center;'>"+ "<h3>********** Hello World, Spring MVC Tutorial</h3>This message is coming from CityController.java **********</div><br><br>";return new ModelAndView("welcome", "message", message);}}

步骤 10

创建 /WebContent/index.jsp 和/WebContent/WEB-INF/jsp/welcome.jsp 视图文件。

/WebContent/index.jsp：

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1. <html>  
2. <head>  
3. <title>Spring MVC Tutorial Series by defonds.com</title>  
4. <style type="text/css">  
5. body {  
6.     background-image: url('http://img.blog.csdn.net/20150827184458936');  
7. }  
8. </style>  
9. </head>  
10. <body>  
11.     <br>  
12.     <div style="text-align:center">  
13.         <h2>  
14.             Hey You..!! This is your 1st Spring MCV Tutorial..<br> <br>  
15.         </h2>  
16.         <h3>  
17.             <a href="city/welcome.html">Click here to See Welcome Message... </a>(to  
18.             check Spring MVC Controller... @RequestMapping("/city/welcome"))  
19.         </h3>  
20.     </div>  
21. </body>  
22. </html>  

<html><head><title>Spring MVC Tutorial Series by defonds.com</title><style type="text/css">body {background-image: url('http://img.blog.csdn.net/20150827184458936');}</style></head><body><br><div style="text-align:center"><h2>Hey You..!! This is your 1st Spring MCV Tutorial..<br> <br></h2><h3><a href="city/welcome.html">Click here to See Welcome Message... </a>(tocheck Spring MVC Controller... @RequestMapping("/city/welcome"))</h3></div></body></html>

/WebContent/WEB-INF/jsp/welcome.jsp：

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1. <html>  
2. <head>  
3. <title>Spring MVC Tutorial by Defonds - Hello World Spring MVC  
4.     Example</title>  
5. <style type="text/css">  
6. body {  
7.     background-image: url('http://img.blog.csdn.net/20150827184458936');  
8. }  
9. </style>  
10. </head>  
11. <body>${message}  
12.    
13.     <br>  
14.     <br>  
15. </body>  
16. </html>  

<html><head><title>Spring MVC Tutorial by Defonds - Hello World Spring MVCExample</title><style type="text/css">body {background-image: url('http://img.blog.csdn.net/20150827184458936');}</style></head><body>${message} <br><br></body></html>

万事俱备，项目各要素如下图：

步骤 11

右击项目名 -> Run As -> Maven Build...
Goals 添加 clean install，点击 Apply 和 Run 按钮。

步骤 12

将项目部署到 Tomcat 并启动：

步骤 13

访问 http://localhost:8080/bdp

点击 Click here to See Welcome Message... 

零基础搭建 spring mvc 4 项目成功。

后记

本文侧重讲 spring mvc 的相关配置，也就是 controller 层的相关功能演示，关于 spring ioc、orm 和 mybatis 的事务集成，请参考另一篇博客《零基础整合 spring 4(包括mvc、context、orm) + mybatis 3 示例》，该文就是在本文基础上进行进一步添加了 service 和 dao 层的扩展。

参考资料

• http://crunchify.com/simplest-spring-mvc-hello-world-example-tutorial-spring-model-view-controller-tips/