Robert Jenkin's hash function
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哈希表是一种常用的数据结构。它们包括一个数组(哈希表)和映射(哈希函数)。哈希函数把关键码值映射到表中一个位置。存储在哈希表中的数据必须有对应的键。哈希函数将一个项的键映射到一个哈希值,并且该哈希值被用作该项的一个索引到该项的哈希表中。这使得数据能够快速访问。
哈希算法的模型
initialize the internal state; for (each block of the input) { combine (the internal state, the current input block); mix( the internal state); } value = postprocess( the internal state ); return (value);
例如XORhash:
char XORhash( char *key, int len) { char hash; int i; for (hash=0, i=0; i<len; ++i) hash=hash^key[i]; return (hash%101); /* 101 is prime */ }
32位哈希
<pre>typedef unsigned long int u4; /* unsigned 4-byte type */typedef unsigned char u1; /* unsigned 1-byte type *//* The mixing step */#define mix(a,b,c) \{ \ a=a-b; a=a-c; a=a^(c>>13); \ b=b-c; b=b-a; b=b^(a<<8); \ c=c-a; c=c-b; c=c^(b>>13); \ a=a-b; a=a-c; a=a^(c>>12); \ b=b-c; b=b-a; b=b^(a<<16); \ c=c-a; c=c-b; c=c^(b>>5); \ a=a-b; a=a-c; a=a^(c>>3); \ b=b-c; b=b-a; b=b^(a<<10); \ c=c-a; c=c-b; c=c^(b>>15); \}/* The whole new hash function */u4 hash( k, length, initval)register u1 *k; /* the key */u4 length; /* the length of the key in bytes */u4 initval; /* the previous hash, or an arbitrary value */{ register u4 a,b,c; /* the internal state */ u4 len; /* how many key bytes still need mixing */ /* Set up the internal state */ len = length; a = b = 0x9e3779b9; /* the golden ratio; an arbitrary value */ c = initval; /* variable initialization of internal state */ /*---------------------------------------- handle most of the key */ while (len >= 12) { a=a+(k[0]+((u4)k[1]<<8)+((u4)k[2]<<16) +((u4)k[3]<<24)); b=b+(k[4]+((u4)k[5]<<8)+((u4)k[6]<<16) +((u4)k[7]<<24)); c=c+(k[8]+((u4)k[9]<<8)+((u4)k[10]<<16)+((u4)k[11]<<24)); mix(a,b,c); k = k+12; len = len-12; } /*------------------------------------- handle the last 11 bytes */ c = c+length; switch(len) /* all the case statements fall through */ { case 11: c=c+((u4)k[10]<<24); case 10: c=c+((u4)k[9]<<16); case 9 : c=c+((u4)k[8]<<8); /* the first byte of c is reserved for the length */ case 8 : b=b+((u4)k[7]<<24); case 7 : b=b+((u4)k[6]<<16); case 6 : b=b+((u4)k[5]<<8); case 5 : b=b+k[4]; case 4 : a=a+((u4)k[3]<<24); case 3 : a=a+((u4)k[2]<<16); case 2 : a=a+((u4)k[1]<<8); case 1 : a=a+k[0]; /* case 0: nothing left to add */ } mix(a,b,c); /*-------------------------------------------- report the result */ return c;}
The new hash deals with blocks of 12 bytes, rather than 1 byte at a time like most hashes.The whole hash, including the mix, takes about 6m+35 instructions to hash m bytes
64位哈希
<pre>#define mix64(a,b,c) \{ \ a=a-b; a=a-c; a=a^(c>>43); \ b=b-c; b=b-a; b=b^(a<<9); \ c=c-a; c=c-b; c=c^(b>>8); \ a=a-b; a=a-c; a=a^(c>>38); \ b=b-c; b=b-a; b=b^(a<<23); \ c=c-a; c=c-b; c=c^(b>>5); \ a=a-b; a=a-c; a=a^(c>>35); \ b=b-c; b=b-a; b=b^(a<<49); \ c=c-a; c=c-b; c=c^(b>>11); \ a=a-b; a=a-c; a=a^(c>>12); \ b=b-c; b=b-a; b=b^(a<<18); \ c=c-a; c=c-b; c=c^(b>>22); \}
The whole 64-bit hash takes about 5m+41 instructions to hash m bytes.
细究慢慢看英文吧。
http://burtleburtle.net/bob/hash/evahash.html
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