Centos 6 Oracle 11G 超详细安装

Desktop Environment is not neccessary for Server usage, though. But Sometimes installation or using an application requires Desktop Environment, then build Desktop Environment as follwos.

[root@dlp ~]#yum -y groupinstall "X Window System"

[root@dlp ~]#yum -y groupinstall "Desktop"

[root@dlp ~]#yum -y groupinstall "General Purpose Desktop"

 Input a command like below after finishing installation of new packages.[root@dlp ~]#startx

[2]Install some packages first.[root@db01 ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 ksh elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel[3]Edit Kernel parameters.

[root@db01 ~]#vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# comment out

#

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0

#

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0

#

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0

# add follows to the end

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 10523004
kernel.shmmax = 6465333657
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_max=1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

[root@db01 ~]# sysctl -pnet.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
fs.file-max = 65536
kernel.shmall = 10523004
kernel.shmmax = 6465333657
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576[4]Create user and groups for Oracle Database.[root@db01 ~]# groupadd -g 200 oinstall

[root@db01 ~]# groupadd -g 201 dba

[root@db01 ~]# useradd -u 440 -g oinstall -G dba -d /usr/oracle oracle

[root@db01 ~]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@db01 ~]#vi /etc/pam.d/login

# near line 14: add

session    required     pam_selinux.so opensession    required     pam_namespace.so

session    required     pam_limits.so

session    optional     pam_keyinit.so force revokesession    include      system-auth-session   optional     pam_ck_connector.so

[root@db01 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

# add follows to the end

oracle   soft   nproc   2047
oracle   hard   nproc   16384
oracle   soft   nofile   1024
oracle   hard   nofile   65536

[root@db01 ~]# vi /etc/profile

# add follows to the end

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
      if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
           ulimit -p 16384
           ulimit -n 65536
      else
           ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
      fi
fi

[5]Switch to a user "Oracle" and configure some settings.

db01 login:

oracle

Password:
[oracle@db01 ~]$ chmod 755 /usr/oracle

[oracle@db01 ~]$mkdir /usr/oracle/app
[oracle@db01 ~]$chmod 775 /usr/oracle/app
[oracle@db01 ~]$mkdir /usr/oracle/oradata
[oracle@db01 ~]$chmod 775 /usr/oracle/oradata

[oracle@db01 ~]$vi ~/.bash_profile

# add follows to the end

umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/oracle/app

# create a temporary directory for installation

[oracle@db01 ~]$mkdir tmp

 

Install Oracle Database 11g R2.

[1]Login and work with "oracle" user which you create in previous section.[2]

Download Oracle Databse 11g R2 for Linux and upload on your server.
http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/index.html

[3]After uploading Oracle files, move to a tmp directory and run an Installer like follows.[oracle@db01 ~]$ cd tmp

[oracle@db01 tmp]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

[oracle@db01 tmp]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

[oracle@db01 tmp]$ ./database/runInstaller

[4]Oracle Installer starts like follows. First, Set your email address and password for receiving some infomation from Oracle like security issues and so on.[5]On this example, Select "Install database software only".[6]On this example, Select "Single Instance Database ***".[7]Select your language.[8]Select which edition you install.[9]Specify the base directory and files for Oracle. On this example, keep default and proceed to next.[10]Specify the installed directory. On this example, keep default and proceed to next.[11]Specify the priviledged group. On this example, keep default and proceed to next.[12]Checking settings runs automatically for requirements of installing Oracle. Generally, some packages requirements failed like follows, but it's noplobmen because most of them are higher version packages than requirements. Ignore them if the result is the same to the follows. (For only "pdksh", it's not a big ploblem if it is not installed. )[13]The summary is shown for configuration. Click "Finish" if it's OK all.[14]Installation starts.[15]Following screen is shown, then open a terminal and execute follwong commands with the root user.[root@db01 ~]# /usr/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /usr/oracle/oraInventory.Adding read,write permissions for group.Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.Changing groupname of /usr/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.The execution of the script is complete.[root@db01 ~]#

[root@db01 ~]# /usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME= /usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:   

# Enter

    Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
    Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

    Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.[16]Installation completed. Click "Close" button.[17]Configure some settings for Oracle user.

[oracle@db01 ~]$vi ~/.bash_profile

# add follows to the end

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

[oracle@db01 ~]$

source ~/.bash_profile

[oracle@db01 ~]$rm -rf tmp

Create Oracle Net Listener that is a network service on Oracle.

[1]Login with the "oracle" user and input a command "netca" like follows. [oracle@db01 ~]$ netca
[2]Check a box "Listener Configuration" and go next.[3]Go next.[4]Set Listner's name. Input any one you like.[5]This example goes next with keeping default "TCP".[6]Set a port. This example goes next with keeping default.[7]If you'd like to create more Listeners, Answer "Yes". This example selects "No".[8]Configuration completed.[9]Click "Finish" to quit. After finishing, Confirm the status by "netstat" comand. Then you'll see "tnslsnr" listens 1521 port.

 

Create a Database.

[1]Login with the "oracle" user and input a command "dbca" like follows.[oracle@db01 ~]$ dbca
[2]Click "Next" to proceed.[3]Select "Create Database" and go next.[4]This example selects "General Purpose ***" and go next.[5]Set Grobal Database name and SID like follows. Input any one you like.[6]This example goes next with keeping default.[7]Set passwords. Please set a password for a user for security.[8]This example goes next with keeping default "File System".[9]Configure recovery settings. If you'd like to change it, Set it.[10]Configure sample schema and scripts. If you'd like to add them, Set them.[11]Configure memory settings. After setting, go to next tab.[12]Specify max processes.[13]Set Character setting.[14]Select a connection mode. If your server does not have many clients, Select Dedicated server mode. If your server has many clients, Select Shared server mode.[15]Confirm parameters for Storage settings. If you'd like to change, set them.[16]Configuration completed. Click "Finish" button to finish.[17]Confirm settings and Click "OK" if all are OK.[18]Database creation starts.[19]After completing to create a database, Click "Exit" to finish.[20]Access to the URL that is shown on finished screen above with web browser, then follwing screen is shown. Input a user name and password that you configured on the section [6].[21]Just logined. It's possible to manage the database on here.

 

Create an init Script to make Oracle start automatically on system booting.

[1]Set environment variables for "oracle" user like follows.

[oracle@db01 ~]$vi /etc/oratab

# end line: change

db01:/usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:

Y

[oracle@db01 ~]$vi ~/.bash_profile

# add follows to the end

export ORACLE_SID=db01

[2]Create an init Script with the root user.

[root@db01 ~]#vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle

# it's an example, edit it you like.

#!/bin/bash# oracle: Start/Stop Oracle Database 11g R2## chkconfig: 345 90 10# description: The Oracle Database is an Object-Relational Database Management System.## processname: oracle. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functionsLOCKFILE=/var/lock/subsys/oracleORACLE_HOME=/usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_USER=oraclecase "$1" in'start')    if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then        echo $0 already running.        exit 1    fi    echo -n $"Starting Oracle Database:"    su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"    su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"    su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"    touch $LOCKFILE    ;;'stop')    if [ ! -f $LOCKFILE ]; then        echo $0 already stopping.        exit 1    fi    echo -n $"Stopping Oracle Database:"    su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"    su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"    su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"    rm -f $LOCKFILE    ;;'restart')    $0 stop    $0 start    ;;'status')    if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then        echo $0 started.    else        echo $0 stopped.    fi    ;;*)    echo "Usage: $0 [start|stop|status]"    exit 1esacexit 0

[root@db01 ~]#chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
[root@db01 ~]#chkconfig --add oracle
[root@db01 ~]#chkconfig oracle on