Hibernate超简单多表操作

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所谓一对多映射

在数据库中我们通常会通过添加外键的方式将表关联起来,表现一对多的关系。
而在Hibernate中,我们则要通过在一方持有多方的集合来实现,即在“一”的一端中使用元素表示持有“多”的一段的对象。
下面是针对这个知识点的一个小案例:

Grade.java:

    import java.io.Serializable;    import java.util.HashSet;    import java.util.Set;    public class Grade implements Serializable {        private int gid;        private String gname;        private String gdesc;        private Set<Student> students;        public int getGid() {            return gid;        }        public void setGid(int gid) {            this.gid = gid;        }        public String getGname() {            return gname;        }        public void setGname(String gname) {            this.gname = gname;        }        public String getGdesc() {            return gdesc;        }        public void setGdesc(String gdesc) {            this.gdesc = gdesc;        }        public Grade() {            super();        }        public Set<Student> getStudents() {            return students;        }        public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {            this.students = students;        }        public Grade(int gid, String gname, String gdesc) {            super();            this.gid = gid;            this.gname = gname;            this.gdesc = gdesc;        }        public Grade(String gname, String gdesc) {            super();            this.gname = gname;            this.gdesc = gdesc;        }    }

Student.java:

    import java.io.Serializable;    public class Student implements Serializable {        private int sid;        private String sname;        private String sex;        public int getSid() {            return sid;        }        public void setSid(int sid) {            this.sid = sid;        }        public String getSname() {            return sname;        }        public void setSname(String sname) {            this.sname = sname;        }        public String getSex() {            return sex;        }        public void setSex(String sex) {            this.sex = sex;        }        public Student() {            super();        }        public Student(String sname, String sex) {            super();            this.sname = sname;            this.sex = sex;        }    }

然后是hbm.xml文件的配置:
Grade.hbm.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0"?>    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC         "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">    <hibernate-mapping>        <class name="com.imooc.entity.Grade" table="grade">            <id name="gid" column="gid" type="java.lang.Integer">                <generator class="increment"></generator>            </id>            <property name="gname" type="java.lang.String">                <column name="gname" length="20" not-null="true"></column>            </property>            <property name="gdesc">                <column name="gdesc"></column>            </property>            <!-- 配置一对多关联关系 -->            <set name="students" table="student">                <key column="gid"></key>                <one-to-many class="com.imooc.entity.Student"/>            </set>        </class>    </hibernate-mapping>

Student.hbm.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0"?>    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC         "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">    <hibernate-mapping>        <class name="com.imooc.entity.Student" table="student">            <id name="sid" column="sid" type="java.lang.Integer">                <generator class="increment"></generator>            </id>            <property name="sname" type="java.lang.String">                <column name="sname" length="20" not-null="true"></column>            </property>            <property name="sex">                <column name="sex"></column>            </property>        </class>    </hibernate-mapping>

最后,在hibernate.cfg.xml文件中将映射声明一下即可:

    <mapping resource="com./xx/Grade.hbm.xml" />    <mapping resource="com/XX/Student.hbm.xml" />

代码实现操作的结果:

    import java.util.Set;    import org.hibernate.Session;    import org.hibernate.Transaction;    import com.imooc.entity.Grade;    import com.imooc.entity.Student;    import com.imooc.util.HibernateUtil;    /*     * 单向一对多关系关系(班级--->学生)     * 建立关联关系后,可以方便的从一个对象导航到另一个对象     * 注意关联的方向     */    public class Test {        public static void main(String[] args) {            //add();            //findStudentsByGrade();            //update();            delete();        }        //将学生添加到班级        public static void add(){            Grade g=new Grade("Java一班", "Java软件开发一班");            Student stu1=new Student("张三", "男");            Student stu2=new Student("穆女神", "女");            //如果希望在学生表中添加对应的班级编号,需要在班级中添加学生,建立关联关系            /*g.getStudents().add(stu1);            g.getStudents().add(stu2);*/            Session session=HibernateUtil.getSession();            Transaction tx=session.beginTransaction();            session.save(g);            session.save(stu1);            session.save(stu2);            tx.commit();            HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);        }        //查询班级中包含的学生        public static void findStudentsByGrade(){            Session session=HibernateUtil.getSession();            Grade grade=(Grade) session.get(Grade.class, 1);            System.out.println(grade.getGname()+","+grade.getGdesc());            /*Set<Student> students=grade.getStudents();            for(Student stu:students){                System.out.println(stu.getSname()+","+stu.getSex());            }*/        }        //修改学生信息        public static void update(){            Grade g=new Grade("Java二班", "Java软件开发二班");            Session session=HibernateUtil.getSession();            Transaction tx=session.beginTransaction();            Student stu=(Student) session.get(Student.class, 1);            //g.getStudents().add(stu);            session.save(g);            tx.commit();            HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);        }        //删除学生信息        public static void delete(){            Session session=HibernateUtil.getSession();            Transaction tx=session.beginTransaction();            Student stu=(Student) session.get(Student.class, 2);            session.delete(stu);            tx.commit();            HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);        }    }

所谓单向多对一映射

多对一的关系和关系型数据库的外键参照关系最为匹配,即在乙方的表中的一个外键参照另一个表中的主键。 而在Hibernate中就可以通过

在多方持有乙方的引用来实现,需要在“多”的一段使用标签来进行设置。

下面是针对这个知识点的一个小案例:

Grade.java:

    import java.io.Serializable;    import java.util.HashSet;    import java.util.Set;    public class Grade implements Serializable {        private int gid;        private String gname;        private String gdesc;        public int getGid() {            return gid;        }        public void setGid(int gid) {            this.gid = gid;        }        public String getGname() {            return gname;        }        public void setGname(String gname) {            this.gname = gname;        }        public String getGdesc() {            return gdesc;        }        public void setGdesc(String gdesc) {            this.gdesc = gdesc;        }        public Grade() {            super();        }        public Grade(int gid, String gname, String gdesc) {            super();            this.gid = gid;            this.gname = gname;            this.gdesc = gdesc;        }        public Grade(String gname, String gdesc) {            super();            this.gname = gname;            this.gdesc = gdesc;        }    }

Student.java:

    import java.io.Serializable;    public class Student implements Serializable {        private int sid;        private String sname;        private String sex;        // 在多方定义一个一方的引用        private Grade grade;        public Grade getGrade() {            return grade;        }        public void setGrade(Grade grade) {            this.grade = grade;        }        public int getSid() {            return sid;        }        public void setSid(int sid) {            this.sid = sid;        }        public String getSname() {            return sname;        }        public void setSname(String sname) {            this.sname = sname;        }        public String getSex() {            return sex;        }        public void setSex(String sex) {            this.sex = sex;        }        public Student() {            super();        }        public Student(String sname, String sex) {            super();            this.sname = sname;            this.sex = sex;        }    }

然后是hbm.xml文件的配置:
Grade.hbm.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0"?>    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC         "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">    <hibernate-mapping>        <class name="com.imooc.entity.Grade" table="grade">            <id name="gid" column="gid" type="java.lang.Integer">                <generator class="increment"></generator>            </id>            <property name="gname" type="java.lang.String">                <column name="gname" length="20" not-null="true"></column>            </property>            <property name="gdesc">                <column name="gdesc"></column>            </property>        </class>    </hibernate-mapping>

Student.hbm.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0"?>    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC         "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">    <hibernate-mapping>        <class name="com.imooc.entity.Student" table="student">            <id name="sid" column="sid" type="java.lang.Integer">                <generator class="increment"></generator>            </id>            <property name="sname" type="java.lang.String">                <column name="sname" length="20" not-null="true"></column>            </property>            <property name="sex">                <column name="sex"></column>            </property>            <!-- 配置多对一关联关系 -->            <many-to-one name="grade"         class="com.imooc.entity.Grade" column="gid" cascade="all"></many-to-one>        </class>    </hibernate-mapping>

最后,在hibernate.cfg.xml文件中将映射声明一下即可:

    <mapping resource="com./xx/Grade.hbm.xml" />    <mapping resource="com/XX/Student.hbm.xml" />

再来使用代码测试一下:

    import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import com.imooc.entity.Grade;import com.imooc.entity.Student;import com.imooc.util.HibernateUtil;/* * 单向多对一(学生--->班级) */public class Test02 {    public static void main(String[] args) {        save();    }    //保存    public static void save(){        Grade g=new Grade("Java一班","Java软件开发一班");        Student stu1=new Student("慕女神", "女");        Student stu2=new Student("小慕慕", "男");        //设置关联关系        g.getStudents().add(stu1);        g.getStudents().add(stu2);        stu1.setGrade(g);        stu2.setGrade(g);        Session session=HibernateUtil.getSession();        Transaction tx=session.beginTransaction();        session.save(g);        session.save(stu1);        session.save(stu2);        tx.commit();        HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);    }}

双向的多对一关系

只需要分别在其.hbm.xml文件中进行相关的声明就可以了。
Grade.hbm.xml文件中添加:

    <!-- 配置一对多关联关系 -->    <set name="students" table="student">        <key column="gid"></key>        <one-to-many class="com.imooc.entity.Student"/>    </set>

Student.hbm.xml文件中添加:

    <!-- 配置多对一关联关系 -->    <many-to-one name="grade" class="com.imooc.entity.Grade"     column="gid" cascade="all"></many-to-one>

由此,便可完成多对一关系的映射了!

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