Oracle dataguard一主两备环境搭建

测试环境说明：
主 库：Reahat 6.5 x64 + Oracle 11.2.0.3 x64 单机（IP：192.168.6.10  db）  DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl

备库1：Reahat 6.5 x64 + Oracle 11.2.0.3 x64 单机（IP：192.168.6.101 db1） DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dglocal

备库2：Reahat 6.5 x64 + Oracle 11.2.0.3 x64 单机（IP：192.168.6.102 db2） DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgsh

主备库归档日志传输使用路径说明：

orclßàdglocal：使用LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2

orclßàdgsh   ：使用LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3

Dglocalßàdgsh：使用LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_4

以下实验主备切换均正常，两个备库日志应用正常；

按照如下配置，如若需要主备切换，按照正常步骤切换即可；第二个备库无需任何操作，切换后可以正常接收及应用新主库的归档，保证数据同步。

1、修改主库为归档模式
SQL> shutdown immediate; 
SQL> startup mount 
SQL> alter database archivelog; 
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/';
SQL> shutdown immediate; 
SQL> STARTUP
2、设置主库force logging
SQL> alter database force logging;
Database altered.
3、修改主库数据库参数
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,dglocal,dgsh)' scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl' scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=dglocal LGWR ASYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dglocal' scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3='SERVICE=dgsh LGWR ASYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgsh' scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_3=ENABLE scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_CLIENT = orcl scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_SERVER = dglocal,dgsh scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT =AUTO scope=both;
4、重新启动主库
shutdown immediate
startup
5、修改备端数据库参数
备库1(dglocal)数据库执行：
ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dglocal scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,dglocal)' scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dglocal' scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=orcl LGWR ASYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl' scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_CLIENT = dglocal scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_SERVER = orcl scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT =AUTO scope=both;

备库2(dgsh)数据库执行：
ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgsh scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,dgsh)' scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgsh' scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3='SERVICE=orcl LGWR ASYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl' scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_CLIENT = dgsh scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_SERVER = orcl scope=both;

ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT =AUTO scope=both;

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

附：

192.168.6.101（dglocal）或者192.168.6.102（dgsh）切换为主端时：

(1)在192.168.6.10（orcl）上添加for standby redo，无需修改其他参数。
(2)在192.168.6.101（dglocal）上执行如下语句，设置与192.168.6.102的日志传输通信：
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,dglocal,dgsh)' scope=both;
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_4='SERVICE=dgsh LGWR ASYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgsh';
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_4=ENABLE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_SERVER = orcl,dgsh;
(3)在192.168.6.102（dgsh）上执行如下语句，设置与192.168.6.101的日志传输通信：
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,dgsh,dglocal)';
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_4='SERVICE=dglocal LGWR ASYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dglocal';
ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_4=ENABLE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_SERVER = orcl,dglocal;

以上步骤可以在初次实施dg时设置，也可以在需要切换时设置！

注：切换后，原来的主端（orcl需要先open才能起到日志传输进程）

startup nomount
alter database mount standby database;
alter database open;    --需要先open才能启动日志传输进程（实验中直接启动日志应用进程归档日志不传输--此问题待研究）
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6、重新启动2个备库

$sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup nomount;
7、分别创建2个备库的pfile
在备库中执行
SQL>create pfile='/home/oracle/pfiledglocal201605.ora' from spfile;
SQL>create pfile='/home/oracle/pfiledgsh201605.ora' from spfile;
8、备份主库
在主库中执行
[oracle@lkdb]$ rman target /
RMAN>run{
allocate channel d1 type disk;
allocate channel d2 type disk;
allocate channel d3 type disk;
backup full database format='/backup/full_orcl_%U%T' include current controlfile for standby;
release channel d1;
release channel d2;
release channel d3;
}
备份主库控制文件
alter database create standby controlfile as '/backup/standby.ctl';
9、Netmanager配置主备服务器的tnsnames.ora
主库tnsnames.ora配置如下：
[oracle@lkdb admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora 
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
orcl =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.6.10)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
      (SID = orcl)
    )
  )
dglocal =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.6.101)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = dglocal)
      (SID = orcl)
    )
  )
dgsh =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.6.102)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = DGSH)   ----这里和show parameter service_name大小写一致
      (SID = orcl)
    )
  )
备库tnsnames.ora配置和主库一致。
  
备库listener.ora添加配置如下：
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

10、使用DBCA删除dataguard备库
11、把主库的密码文件、控制文件、备份文件拷贝到2个备库
$scp /backup/* 192.168.6.101:/backup
$scp /backup/* 192.168.6.102:/backup
12、启动恢复备份数据库
12.1拷贝控制文件到2个备机参数文件中指定目录
cp /backup/standby.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
cp /backup/standby.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl
cp /backup/standby.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl
12.2拷贝密码文件到2个备机对应目录（务必确保主备库的sys密码一致）
$cp /backup/orapworcl1 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl
12.3将备机数据库启动到mount状态
$sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL>startup pfile='/home/oracle/pfiledglocal201605.ora'  nomount;
SQL>create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/pfiledglocal201605.ora';
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup nomount;
SQL>alter database mount;
12.4在2个备机中分别执行恢复
$rman target /
RMAN>restore database;
13、备库添加for standby redo
备机1执行：
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 31 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/dgredo01.dbf') size 50M reuse;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 32 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/dgredo02.dbf') size 50M reuse;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 33 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/dgredo03.dbf') size 50M reuse;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 34 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/dgredo04.dbf') size 50M reuse;
备机2执行：
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 35 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/dgredo01.dbf') size 50M reuse;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 36 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/dgredo02.dbf') size 50M reuse;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 37 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/dgredo03.dbf') size 50M reuse;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 38 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/dgredo04.dbf') size 50M reuse;
14、分别启动2个dataguard备库
$sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup nomount;
SQL>alter database mount standby database;
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; 

将备库启动到read only状态：
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup nomount;
SQL>alter database mount standby database;
SQL>alter database open;
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; 
15、主库(orcl)添加for standby redo（可在主备切换后添加，参考如下）
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 35 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/dgredo01.dbf') size 50M reuse;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 36 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/dgredo02.dbf') size 50M reuse;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 37 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/dgredo03.dbf') size 50M reuse;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 38 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/dgredo04.dbf') size 50M reuse;
16、验证dataguard各进程状态：
主库（orcl）：
SQL> !hostname
db
SQL> show parameter service
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      orcl
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE
SQL> SELECT  PROCESS, STATUS,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,BLOCK#,BLOCKS, DELAY_MINS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;
PROCESS   STATUS          THREAD#  SEQUENCE#     BLOCK#     BLOCKS DELAY_MINS
--------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
ARCH      CLOSING               1        121          1        399          0
ARCH      CLOSING               1        119          1         63          0
ARCH      OPENING               1        118          1         63          0
ARCH      CLOSING               1        120          1         82          0
LNS       WRITING               1        122        312          1          0
LNS       WRITING               1        122        312          1          0

6 rows selected.

备库1(dglocal)：

SQL> !hostname
db1
SQL> show parameter service
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      DGLOCAL
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY WITH APPLY
SQL> SELECT  PROCESS, STATUS,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,BLOCK#,BLOCKS, DELAY_MINS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;
PROCESS   STATUS          THREAD#  SEQUENCE#     BLOCK#     BLOCKS DELAY_MINS
--------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
ARCH      CLOSING               1        120          1         82          0
ARCH      CONNECTED             0          0          0          0          0
ARCH      CLOSING               1        118          1          1          0
ARCH      CLOSING               1        121          1        399          0
MRP0      APPLYING_LOG          1        122        301     102400          0
RFS       IDLE                  0          0          0          0          0
RFS       IDLE                  1        122        301          1          0
RFS       IDLE                  0          0          0          0          0
8 rows selected.

备库2(dgsh)：
SQL> !hostname
db2
SQL> show parameter service
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      DGSH
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY WITH APPLY
SQL> SELECT  PROCESS, STATUS,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,BLOCK#,BLOCKS, DELAY_MINS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;
PROCESS   STATUS          THREAD#  SEQUENCE#     BLOCK#     BLOCKS DELAY_MINS
--------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
ARCH      CLOSING               1        121          1        399          0
ARCH      CONNECTED             0          0          0          0          0
ARCH      CONNECTED             0          0          0          0          0
ARCH      CLOSING               1        120          1         82          0
MRP0      APPLYING_LOG          1        122        303     102400          0
RFS       IDLE                  0          0          0          0          0
RFS       IDLE                  1        122        303          1          0
RFS       IDLE                  0          0          0          0          0
RFS       IDLE                  0          0          0          0          0
9 rows selected.

附：主备库参数文件说明
主库(orcl)：
SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/pfilezhu.ora' from spfile;
File created.
SQL> !cat /home/oracle/pfilezhu.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=54525952
orcl.__java_pool_size=12582912
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=142606336
orcl.__sga_target=272629760
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=180355072
orcl.__streams_pool_size=12582912
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fa
st_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4322230272
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.fal_client='ORCL'
*.fal_server='DGLOCAL','DGSH'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,dglocal,dgsh)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFIL
ES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=dglocal LGWR ASYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFIL
ES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dglocal'
*.log_archive_dest_3='SERVICE=dgsh LGWR ASYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,
PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgsh'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_3='ENABLE'
*.memory_target=414187520
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.utl_file_dir='*'

备库1（dglocal）：
SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/pfiledg1.ora' from spfile;
File created.
SQL> !cat /home/oracle/pfiledg1.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=71303168
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=209715200
orcl.__sga_target=201326592
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=113246208
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/or
adata/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_unique_name='DGLOCAL'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.fal_client='DGLOCAL'
*.fal_server='ORCL','DGSH'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,dglocal,dgsh)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFIL
ES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dglocal'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcl LGWR ASYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,
PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl'
*.log_archive_dest_4='SERVICE=dgsh LGWR ASYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,
PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgsh'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_4='ENABLE'
*.memory_target=411041792
*.nls_language='AMERICAN'
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

备库2(dgsh)：
SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/pfiledg2.ora' from spfile;
File created.
SQL> !cat /home/oracle/pfiledg2.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=104857600
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=184549376
orcl.__sga_target=226492416
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=104857600
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fa
st_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4322230272
*.db_unique_name='DGSH'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.fal_client='DGSH'
*.fal_server='ORCL','DGLOCAL'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,dgsh,dglocal)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFIL
ES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgsh'
*.log_archive_dest_3='SERVICE=orcl LGWR ASYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,
PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl'
*.log_archive_dest_4='SERVICE=dglocal LGWR ASYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFIL
ES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dglocal'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_4='ENABLE'
*.memory_target=411041792
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'