SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序

1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

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<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->

  <servlet>

      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>

      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

      <init-param>

            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>

        </init-param>

        <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->

  </servlet>

 

  <servlet-mapping>

      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>

      <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

  </servlet-mapping>

3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

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<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">                   

 

    <!-- scan the packageand the sub package-->

    <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>

 

    <!-- don't handle the staticresource -->

    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />

 

    <!--ifyou use annotation you must configure following setting -->

    <mvc:annotation-driven />

     

    <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->

    <beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"

            id="internalResourceViewResolver">

        <!-- 前缀 -->

        <property name="prefix"value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>

        <!-- 后缀 -->

        <property name="suffix"value=".jsp"/>

    </bean>

</beans>

4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

6.编写Controller代码

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@Controller

@RequestMapping("/mvc")

publicclass mvcController {

 

    @RequestMapping("/hello")

    publicString hello(){       

        return"hello";

    }

}

7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

二、配置解析

1.Dispatcherservlet

DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

2.InternalResourceViewResolver

视图名称解析器

3.以上出现的注解

@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

三、SpringMVC常用注解

@Controller

负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping

注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

@RequestBody

该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

@ResponseBody

该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区

@ModelAttribute

在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中

@RequestParam

在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法

@PathVariable

绑定 URL 占位符到入参

@ExceptionHandler

注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法

@ControllerAdvice

使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常

四、自动匹配参数

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//match automatically

    @RequestMapping("/person")

    publicString toPerson(String name,doubleage){

        System.out.println(name+" "+age);

        return"hello";

    }

五、自动装箱

1.编写一个Person实体类

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packagetest.SpringMVC.model;

 

publicclass Person {

    publicString getName() {

        returnname;

    }

    publicvoid setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

    publicint getAge() {

        returnage;

    }

    publicvoid setAge(intage) {

        this.age = age;

    }

    privateString name;

    privateint age;

     

}

2.在Controller里编写方法

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//boxing automatically

    @RequestMapping("/person1")

    publicString toPerson(Person p){

        System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());

        return"hello";

    }

六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数

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//the parameter was converted in initBinder

    @RequestMapping("/date")

    publicString date(Date date){

        System.out.println(date);

        return"hello";

    }

     

    //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"

    @InitBinder

    publicvoid initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){

        binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class,newCustomDateEditor(newSimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),

                true));

    }

七、向前台传递参数

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//pass the parameters to front-end

    @RequestMapping("/show")

    publicString showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){

        Person p =newPerson();

        map.put("p", p);

        p.setAge(20);

        p.setName("jayjay");

        return"show";

    }

前台可在Request域中取到”p”

八、使用Ajax调用

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//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax

    @RequestMapping("/getPerson")

    publicvoid getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){

        pw.write("hello,"+name);       

    }

    @RequestMapping("/name")

    publicString sayHello(){

        return"name";

    }

前台用下面的Jquery代码调用

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$(function(){

              $("#btn").click(function(){

                  $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){

                      alert(data);

                  });

              });

          });

九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

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//redirect

    @RequestMapping("/redirect")

    publicString redirect(){

        return"redirect:hello";

    }

十、文件上传

1.需要导入两个jar包

2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

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<!-- upload settings -->

    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">

        <property name="maxUploadSize"value="102400000"></property>

    </bean>

3.方法代码

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@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)

    publicString upload(HttpServletRequest req) throwsException{

        MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;

        MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");

        String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();

        SimpleDateFormat sdf = newSimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");       

        FileOutputStream fos = newFileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+

                "upload/"+sdf.format(newDate())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));

        fos.write(file.getBytes());

        fos.flush();

        fos.close();

         

        return"hello";

    }

4.前台form表单

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<form action="mvc/upload"method="post"enctype="multipart/form-data">

          <input type="file"name="file">

          <input type="submit"value="submit">

      </form>

十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name

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@Controller

@RequestMapping("/test")

publicclass mvcController1 {

    @RequestMapping(value="/param")

    publicString testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,

            @RequestParam(value="name")Stringname){

        System.out.println(id+" "+name);

        return"/hello";

    }   

}

十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC

1.RestController

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@Controller

@RequestMapping("/rest")

publicclass RestController {

    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)

    publicString get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        System.out.println("get"+id);

        return"/hello";

    }

     

    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)

    publicString post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        System.out.println("post"+id);

        return"/hello";

    }

     

    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)

    publicString put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        System.out.println("put"+id);

        return"/hello";

    }

     

    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)

    publicString delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        System.out.println("delete"+id);

        return"/hello";

    }

     

}

2.form表单发送put和delete请求

在web.xml中配置

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<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->

  <filter>

      <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>

      <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>

  </filter>

  <filter-mapping>

      <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>

      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

  </filter-mapping>

在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

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<formaction="rest/user/1"method="post">

        <inputtype="hidden"name="_method"value="PUT">

        <inputtype="submit"value="put">

    </form>

     

    <formaction="rest/user/1"method="post">

        <inputtype="submit"value="post">

    </form>

     

    <formaction="rest/user/1"method="get">

        <inputtype="submit"value="get">

    </form>

     

    <formaction="rest/user/1"method="post">

        <inputtype="hidden"name="_method"value="DELETE">

        <inputtype="submit"value="delete">

    </form>

十三、返回json格式的字符串

1.导入以下jar包

2.方法代码

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@Controller

@RequestMapping("/json")

publicclass jsonController {

     

    @ResponseBody

    @RequestMapping("/user")

    public User get(){

        User u = newUser();

        u.setId(1);

        u.setName("jayjay");

        u.setBirth(newDate());

        returnu;

    }

}

十四、异常的处理

1.处理局部异常（Controller内）

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@ExceptionHandler

    publicModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){

        ModelAndView mv = newModelAndView("error");

        mv.addObject("exception", ex);

        System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");

        returnmv;

    }

     

    @RequestMapping("/error")

    publicString error(){

        inti = 5/0;

        return"hello";

    }

2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）

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@ControllerAdvice

publicclass testControllerAdvice {

    @ExceptionHandler

    publicModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){

        ModelAndView mv = newModelAndView("error");

        mv.addObject("exception", ex);

        System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");

        returnmv;

    }

}

3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

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<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->

    <beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">

        <property name="exceptionMappings">

            <props>

                <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>

            </props>

        </property>

    </bean>

error是出错页面

十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

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publicclass MyInterceptor implementsHandlerInterceptor {

 

    @Override

    publicvoid afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,

            HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)

            throwsException {

        System.out.println("afterCompletion");

    }

 

    @Override

    publicvoid postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,

            Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throwsException {

        System.out.println("postHandle");

    }

 

    @Override

    publicboolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,

            Object arg2) throwsException {

        System.out.println("preHandle");

        returntrue;

    }

 

}

2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

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<!-- interceptor setting -->

    <mvc:interceptors>

        <mvc:interceptor>

            <mvc:mappingpath="/mvc/**"/>

            <beanclass="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>

        </mvc:interceptor>       

    </mvc:interceptors>

3.拦截器执行顺序

十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化

1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未选中不用导入)

2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

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publicclass User {

    publicint getId() {

        returnid;

    }

    publicvoid setId(intid) {

        this.id = id;

    }

    publicString getName() {

        returnname;

    }

    publicvoid setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

    publicDate getBirth() {

        returnbirth;

    }

    publicvoid setBirth(Date birth) {

        this.birth = birth;

    }

    @Override

    publicString toString() {

        return"User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";

    }   

    privateint id;

    @NotEmpty

    privateString name;

 

    @Past

    @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")

    privateDate birth;

}

ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

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<form:form action="form/add"method="post"modelAttribute="user">

       id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/>

       name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/>

       birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>

       <input type="submit"value="submit">

   </form:form>

ps:path对应name

4.Controller中代码

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@Controller

@RequestMapping("/form")

publicclass formController {

    @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)   

    publicString add(@ValidUser u,BindingResult br){

        if(br.getErrorCount()>0){           

            return"addUser";

        }

        return"showUser";

    }

     

    @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)

    publicString add(Map<String,Object> map){

        map.put("user",newUser());

        return"addUser";

    }

}

ps:

1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个”user”.

2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显

5.错误信息自定义

在src目录下添加locale.properties

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NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty

Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value

DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input iswrong

typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input iswrong

typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input iswrong

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

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<!-- configure the locale resource -->

    <bean id="messageSource"class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">

        <property name="basename"value="locale"></property>

    </bean>

6.国际化显示

在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

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username=账号

password=密码

locale.properties中添加

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username=user name

password=password

创建一个locale.jsp

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<body>

    <fmt:messagekey="username"></fmt:message>

    <fmt:messagekey="password"></fmt:message>

  </body>

在SpringMVC中配置

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<!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->

   <mvc:view-controller path="/locale"view-name="locale"/>

让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问

最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

十七、压轴大戏–整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类

2.User实体类

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publicclass User {

    publicint getId() {

        returnid;

    }

    publicvoid setId(intid) {

        this.id = id;

    }

    publicString getName() {

        returnname;

    }

    publicvoid setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

    publicDate getBirth() {

        returnbirth;

    }

    publicvoid setBirth(Date birth) {

        this.birth = birth;

    }

    @Override

    publicString toString() {

        return"User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";

    }   

    privateint id;

    @NotEmpty

    privateString name;

 

    @Past

    @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")

    privateDate birth;

}

3.UserService类

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@Component

publicclass UserService {

    publicUserService(){

        System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");

    }

     

    publicvoid save(){

        System.out.println("save");

    }

}

4.UserController

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@Controller

@RequestMapping("/integrate")

publicclass UserController {

    @Autowired

    privateUserService userService;

     

    @RequestMapping("/user")

    publicString saveUser(@RequestBody@ModelAttribute User u){

        System.out.println(u);

        userService.save();

        return"hello";

    }

}

5.Spring配置文件

在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

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<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 

 

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

 

 

http://www.springframework.org/schema/util

 

 

http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd

 

 

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

 

 

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd

 

        "

        xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"

        xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   

        >

    <context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">

        <context:exclude-filtertype="annotation"

            expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>

        <context:exclude-filtertype="annotation"

            expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>       

    </context:component-scan>

     

</beans>

在Web.xml中添加配置

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<!-- configure the springIOC -->

  <listener>

      <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>

  </listener>

  <context-param> 

    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 

    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>

  </context-param>

6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

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<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->

    <context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">

        <context:include-filtertype="annotation"

            expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>

        <context:include-filtertype="annotation"

            expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>

    </context:component-scan>

十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图

十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别

1、springmvc基于方法开发的，struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象，对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束，形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。
2、springmvc可以进行单例开发，并且建议使用单例开发，struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数，无法使用单例，只能使用多例。
3、经过实际测试，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts标签，如果使用struts建议使用jstl。