SpringMVC详细示例实战教程
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一、SpringMVC基础入门,创建一个HelloWorld程序
1.首先,导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置
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<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
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<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvchttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
<context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC"/>
<!-- don't handle the static resource -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
<beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀 -->
<propertyname="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<!--后缀 -->
<propertyname="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“HelloWorld”。
5.建立包及Controller,如下所示
6.编写Controller代码
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@Controller
@RequestMapping("/mvc")
public classmvcController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
publicString hello(){
return"hello";
}
}
7.启动服务器,键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理,是配置springMVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
视图名称解析器
3.以上出现的注解
@Controller 负责注册一个bean到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
三、SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller
负责注册一个bean到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些URL 请求
@RequestBody
该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到controller中方法的参数上
@ResponseBody
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区
@ModelAttribute
在方法定义上使用@ModelAttribute 注解:Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入参前使用@ModelAttribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数–绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在处理方法入参处使用@RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法
@PathVariable
绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler
注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常
四、自动匹配参数
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//match automatically
@RequestMapping("/person")
publicString toPerson(String name,doubleage){
System.out.println(name+" "+age);
return"hello";
}
五、自动装箱
1.编写一个Person实体类
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packagetest.SpringMVC.model;
public classPerson {
publicString getName() {
returnname;
}
public voidsetName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public intgetAge() {
returnage;
}
public voidsetAge(intage) {
this.age = age;
}
privateString name;
private intage;
}
2.在Controller里编写方法
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//boxing automatically
@RequestMapping("/person1")
publicString toPerson(Person p){
System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
return"hello";
}
六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数
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//the parameter was converted in initBinder
@RequestMapping("/date")
publicString date(Date date){
System.out.println(date);
return"hello";
}
//At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
@InitBinder
public voidinitBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class,new CustomDateEditor(newSimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),
true));
}
七、向前台传递参数
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//pass the parameters to front-end
@RequestMapping("/show")
publicString showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
Person p =newPerson();
map.put("p", p);
p.setAge(20);
p.setName("jayjay");
return"show";
}
前台可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax调用
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//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
@RequestMapping("/getPerson")
public voidgetPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
pw.write("hello,"+name);
}
@RequestMapping("/name")
publicString sayHello(){
return"name";
}
前台用下面的Jquery代码调用
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$(function(){
$("#btn").click(function(){
$.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
alert(data);
});
});
});
九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求
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//redirect
@RequestMapping("/redirect")
publicString redirect(){
return"redirect:hello";
}
十、文件上传
1.需要导入两个jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
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<!-- upload settings -->
<beanid="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<propertyname="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>
</bean>
3.方法代码
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@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
publicString upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
SimpleDateFormat sdf =new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
FileOutputStream fos =new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
"upload/"+sdf.format(newDate())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
fos.write(file.getBytes());
fos.flush();
fos.close();
return"hello";
}
4.前台form表单
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<formaction="mvc/upload"method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<inputtype="file" name="file"><br>
<inputtype="submit" value="submit">
</form>
十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name
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@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public classmvcController1 {
@RequestMapping(value="/param")
publicString testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,
@RequestParam(value="name")String name){
System.out.println(id+" "+name);
return"/hello";
}
}
十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC
1.RestController
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@Controller
@RequestMapping("/rest")
public classRestController {
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
publicString get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("get"+id);
return"/hello";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
publicString post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("post"+id);
return"/hello";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
publicString put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("put"+id);
return"/hello";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
publicString delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("delete"+id);
return"/hello";
}
}
2.form表单发送put和delete请求
在web.xml中配置
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<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
在前台可以用以下代码产生请求
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<formaction="rest/user/1"method="post">
<inputtype="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
<inputtype="submit" value="put">
</form>
<formaction="rest/user/1"method="post">
<inputtype="submit" value="post">
</form>
<formaction="rest/user/1"method="get">
<inputtype="submit" value="get">
</form>
<formaction="rest/user/1"method="post">
<inputtype="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
<inputtype="submit" value="delete">
</form>
十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.导入以下jar包
2.方法代码
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@Controller
@RequestMapping("/json")
public classjsonController {
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/user")
public User get(){
User u =new User();
u.setId(1);
u.setName("jayjay");
u.setBirth(newDate());
returnu;
}
}
十四、异常的处理
1.处理局部异常(Controller内)
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@ExceptionHandler
publicModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv =new ModelAndView("error");
mv.addObject("exception", ex);
System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
returnmv;
}
@RequestMapping("/error")
publicString error(){
inti = 5/0;
return"hello";
}
2.处理全局异常(所有Controller)
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@ControllerAdvice
public classtestControllerAdvice {
@ExceptionHandler
publicModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv =new ModelAndView("error");
mv.addObject("exception", ex);
System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
returnmv;
}
}
3.另一种处理全局异常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
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<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
<beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
<propertyname="exceptionMappings">
<props>
<propkey="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
error是出错页面
十五、设置一个自定义拦截器
1.创建一个MyInterceptor类,并实现HandlerInterceptor接口
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public classMyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public voidafterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
throwsException {
System.out.println("afterCompletion");
}
@Override
public voidpostHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3)throws Exception {
System.out.println("postHandle");
}
@Override
public booleanpreHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2)throws Exception {
System.out.println("preHandle");
return true;
}
}
2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
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<!-- interceptor setting -->
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mappingpath="/mvc/**"/>
<beanclass="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
3.拦截器执行顺序
十六、表单的验证(使用Hibernate-validate)及国际化
1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未选中不用导入)
2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解
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public classUser {
public intgetId() {
returnid;
}
public voidsetId(intid) {
this.id = id;
}
publicString getName() {
returnname;
}
public voidsetName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
publicDate getBirth() {
returnbirth;
}
public voidsetBirth(Date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
}
@Override
publicString toString() {
return"User [id=" + id + ", name="+ name + ", birth="+ birth + "]";
}
private intid;
@NotEmpty
privateString name;
@Past
@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
privateDate birth;
}
ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单
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<form:formaction="form/add"method="post" modelAttribute="user">
id:<form:inputpath="id"/><form:errorspath="id"/><br>
name:<form:inputpath="name"/><form:errorspath="name"/><br>
birth:<form:inputpath="birth"/><form:errorspath="birth"/>
<inputtype="submit" value="submit">
</form:form>
ps:path对应name
4.Controller中代码
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@Controller
@RequestMapping("/form")
public classformController {
@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)
publicString add(@ValidUser u,BindingResult br){
if(br.getErrorCount()>0){
return"addUser";
}
return"showUser";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)
publicString add(Map<String,Object> map){
map.put("user",newUser());
return"addUser";
}
}
ps:
1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性,所以必须在request域中有一个"user".
2.@Valid表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数
3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显,表单也会回显
5.错误信息自定义
在src目录下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not beempty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input iswrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input iswrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
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<!-- configure the locale resource -->
<beanid="messageSource"class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
<propertyname="basename" value="locale"></property>
</bean>
6.国际化显示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=账号
password=密码
locale.properties中添加
username=user name
password=password
创建一个locale.jsp
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<body>
<fmt:messagekey="username"></fmt:message>
<fmt:messagekey="password"></fmt:message>
</body>
在SpringMVC中配置
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<!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
<mvc:view-controllerpath="/locale"view-name="locale"/>
让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问
最后,访问locale.jsp,切换浏览器语言,能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了
十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合,并创建各类
2.User实体类
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public classUser {
public intgetId() {
returnid;
}
public voidsetId(intid) {
this.id = id;
}
publicString getName() {
returnname;
}
public voidsetName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
publicDate getBirth() {
returnbirth;
}
public voidsetBirth(Date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
}
@Override
publicString toString() {
return"User [id=" + id + ", name="+ name + ", birth="+ birth + "]";
}
private intid;
@NotEmpty
privateString name;
@Past
@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
privateDate birth;
}
3.UserService类
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@Component
public classUserService {
publicUserService(){
System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");
}
public voidsave(){
System.out.println("save");
}
}
4.UserController
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@Controller
@RequestMapping("/integrate")
public classUserController {
@Autowired
privateUserService userService;
@RequestMapping("/user")
publicString saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttributeUser u){
System.out.println(u);
userService.save();
return"hello";
}
}
5.Spring配置文件
在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
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<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
>
<context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
<context:exclude-filtertype="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
<context:exclude-filtertype="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
</context:component-scan>
</beans>
在Web.xml中添加配置
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<!-- configure the springIOC -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置,防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合
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<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
<context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
<context:include-filtertype="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
<context:include-filtertype="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
</context:component-scan>
十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图
十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别
1、springmvc基于方法开发的,struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象,对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束,形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似webservice开发。
2、springmvc可以进行单例开发,并且建议使用单例开发,struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数,无法使用单例,只能使用多例。
3、经过实际测试,struts2速度慢,在于使用struts标签,如果使用struts建议使用jstl。
来自 <http://www.admin10000.com/document/6436.html>
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