virtualBox安装centos6增强包报错解决及配置共享文件夹



一、安装增强包

1、启动CentOS6.5虚拟机，点击设备à安装增强功能。

则 “光盘”VBOXADDITIONS已经挂载到 CentOS 5.5 的桌面上了.

此时 双击光盘—>双击VboxLinuxAdditions.run即可完成安装

 

通常情况下我们直接运行挂载到系统中的VirtualBox客户端增强功能的组件即可。

2、报错解决：笔者安装时出现报错

Bulding the VirtualBoxGuest Additions Kernel modules[failed]

Your system does not seemto be set up to build kernel modules.

Look at/var/log/vboxadd-install.log to find out what went worg. Once you havecorrected it,you run

/etc/init.d/vboxadd setupto build them

显然内核不支持缺少编译内核的相关组件，解决方法安装内核组件即可。

 

[root@localhost ~]# yum install kernel kernel-devel

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit,security

Repository c6-media is listed more than once in theconfiguration

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * base:mirror.sunnyvision.com

 * extras:mirror.sunnyvision.com

 * updates:ftp.cuhk.edu.hk

Setting up Install Process

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:2.6.32-642.1.1.el6will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: kernel-firmware >=2.6.32-642.1.1.el6 for package: kernel-2.6.32-642.1.1.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: dracut-kernel >=004-388.el6 for package: kernel-2.6.32-642.1.1.el6.x86_64

---> Package kernel-devel.x86_640:2.6.32-642.1.1.el6 will be installed

--> Running transaction check

---> Package dracut-kernel.noarch 0:004-335.el6will be updated

---> Package dracut-kernel.noarch0:004-409.el6_8.2 will be an update

--> Processing Dependency: dracut =004-409.el6_8.2 for package: dracut-kernel-004-409.el6_8.2.noarch

---> Package kernel-firmware.noarch0:2.6.32-431.el6 will be updated

---> Package kernel-firmware.noarch0:2.6.32-642.1.1.el6 will be an update

--> Running transaction check

---> Package dracut.noarch 0:004-335.el6 will beupdated

---> Package dracut.noarch 0:004-409.el6_8.2will be an update

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

Dependencies Resolved

 

========================================================================================================================================

 Package                           Arch                     Version                                 Repository                 Size

========================================================================================================================================

Installing:

 kernel                            x86_64                   2.6.32-642.1.1.el6                      updates                    32 M

 kernel-devel                      x86_64                   2.6.32-642.1.1.el6                      updates                    11 M

Updating for dependencies:

 dracut                            noarch                   004-409.el6_8.2                         updates                   127 k

 dracut-kernel                     noarch                   004-409.el6_8.2                         updates                    28 k

 kernel-firmware                   noarch                   2.6.32-642.1.1.el6                      updates                    28 M

 

Transaction Summary

========================================================================================================================================

Install      2 Package(s)

Upgrade      3 Package(s)

 

Total download size: 71 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

(1/5): dracut-004-409.el6_8.2.noarch.rpm                                                                        | 127 kB     00:01    

(2/5):dracut-kernel-004-409.el6_8.2.noarch.rpm                                                                 | 28 kB    00:00    

(3/5): kernel-2.6.32-642.1.1.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                     | 32 MB    05:21    

(4/5):kernel-devel-2.6.32-642.1.1.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                               | 11 MB    01:46    

(5/5):kernel-firmware-2.6.32-642.1.1.el6.noarch.rpm                                                            | 28 MB    04:51    

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                                                                                  100 kB/s |  71 MB    12:02    

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

 Updating  :dracut-004-409.el6_8.2.noarch                                                                                       1/8

 Updating  :dracut-kernel-004-409.el6_8.2.noarch                                                                                2/8

 Updating  :kernel-firmware-2.6.32-642.1.1.el6.noarch                                                                           3/8

 Installing: kernel-2.6.32-642.1.1.el6.x86_64                                                                                    4/8

 Installing: kernel-devel-2.6.32-642.1.1.el6.x86_64                                                                              5/8

 Cleanup   :dracut-kernel-004-335.el6.noarch                                                                                    6/8

 Cleanup   :dracut-004-335.el6.noarch                                                                                           7/8

 Cleanup   :kernel-firmware-2.6.32-431.el6.noarch                                                                               8/8

 

 

 Verifying :kernel-firmware-2.6.32-642.1.1.el6.noarch                                                                           1/8

 Verifying :dracut-004-409.el6_8.2.noarch                                                                                       2/8

 Verifying :dracut-kernel-004-409.el6_8.2.noarch                                                                                3/8

 Verifying :kernel-2.6.32-642.1.1.el6.x86_64                                                                                    4/8

 Verifying :kernel-devel-2.6.32-642.1.1.el6.x86_64                                                                              5/8

 Verifying :kernel-firmware-2.6.32-431.el6.noarch                                                                               6/8

 Verifying :dracut-kernel-004-335.el6.noarch                                                                                    7/8

 Verifying :dracut-004-335.el6.noarch                                                                                           8/8

 

Installed:

 kernel.x86_64 0:2.6.32-642.1.1.el6                             kernel-devel.x86_64 0:2.6.32-642.1.1.el6                            

 

Dependency Updated:

 dracut.noarch 0:004-409.el6_8.2      dracut-kernel.noarch 0:004-409.el6_8.2       kernel-firmware.noarch0:2.6.32-642.1.1.el6     

 

Complete!

 

[root@localhost ~]# yum install gcc

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit,security

Repository c6-media is listed more than once in theconfiguration

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * base:mirror.sunnyvision.com

 * extras:mirror.sunnyvision.com

 * updates:ftp.cuhk.edu.hk

Setting up Install Process

No package gcc++ available.

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-17.el6 will beinstalled

--> Processing Dependency: libgomp =4.4.7-17.el6 for package: gcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.4.7-17.el6for package: gcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libgcc >=4.4.7-17.el6 for package: gcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: cloog-ppl >= 0.15for package: gcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: libppl_c.so.2()(64bit)for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libppl.so.7()(64bit)for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64

---> Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-17.el6 will beinstalled

--> Processing Dependency: libmpfr.so.1()(64bit)for package: cpp-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64

---> Package libgcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 will beupdated

---> Package libgcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-17.el6 willbe an update

---> Package libgomp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 willbe updated

---> Package libgomp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-17.el6 willbe an update

--> Running transaction check

---> Package mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6 will beinstalled

---> Package ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6 will beinstalled

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

Dependencies Resolved

 

========================================================================================================================================

 Package                         Arch                         Version                              Repository                  Size

========================================================================================================================================

Installing:

 gcc                             x86_64                       4.4.7-17.el6                         base                        10 M

Installing for dependencies:

 cloog-ppl                       x86_64                       0.15.7-1.2.el6                       base                        93 k

 cpp                             x86_64                       4.4.7-17.el6                         base                       3.7 M

 mpfr                            x86_64                       2.4.1-6.el6                          base                       157 k

 ppl                             x86_64                       0.10.2-11.el6                        base                       1.3 M

Updating for dependencies:

 libgcc                          x86_64                       4.4.7-17.el6                         base                       103 k

 libgomp                         x86_64                       4.4.7-17.el6                         base                       134 k

 

Transaction Summary

========================================================================================================================================

Install      5 Package(s)

Upgrade      2 Package(s)

 

Total download size: 16 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

(1/7): cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                      | 93 kB    00:00    

(2/7): cpp-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                              | 3.7 MB     00:32    

(3/7): gcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                              | 10 MB    01:30    

(4/7): libgcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                           | 103 kB     00:00    

(5/7): libgomp-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                          |134 kB    00:00    

(6/7): mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                              | 157 kB     00:01    

(7/7): ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                             |1.3 MB    00:11    

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                                                                                  114kB/s | 16 MB    02:19    

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

 Updating  :libgcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64                                                                                          1/9

 Installing: ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64                                                                                            2/9

 Installing: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64                                                                                     3/9

 Updating  :libgomp-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64                                                                                         4/9

 Installing: mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64                                                                                             5/9

 Installing: cpp-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64                                                                                             6/9

 Installing: gcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64                                                                                             7/9

 Cleanup   :libgomp-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64                                                                                          8/9

 Cleanup   :libgcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64                                                                                           9/9

 Verifying :libgcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64                                                                                          1/9

 Verifying :ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64                                                                                            2/9

 Verifying :mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64                                                                                             3/9

 Verifying :gcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64                                                                                             4/9

 Verifying :libgomp-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64                                                                                         5/9

 Verifying :cpp-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64                                                                                             6/9

 Verifying :cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64                                                                                     7/9

 Verifying :libgomp-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64                                                                                          8/9

 Verifying :libgcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64                                                                                           9/9

 

Installed:

 gcc.x86_640:4.4.7-17.el6                                                                                                            

 

Dependency Installed:

 cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6     cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-17.el6     mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6     ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6    

 

Dependency Updated:

 libgcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-17.el6                                      libgomp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-17.el6                                     

 

Complete!

 

 

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ makekernel-devel

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit,security

Repository c6-media is listed more than once in theconfiguration

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * base:mirror.sunnyvision.com

 * extras:mirror.sunnyvision.com

 * updates: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk

Setting up Install Process

Package gcc-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64 alreadyinstalled and latest version

Package 1:make-3.81-23.el6.x86_64 alreadyinstalled and latest version

Packagekernel-devel-2.6.32-642.1.1.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-17.el6 willbe installed

--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel =4.4.7-17.el6 for package: gcc-c++-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++ =4.4.7-17.el6 for package: gcc-c++-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 willbe updated

---> Package libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-17.el6will be an update

---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.7-17.el6will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

Dependencies Resolved

 

========================================================================================================================================

 Package                              Arch                        Version                           Repository                 Size

========================================================================================================================================

Installing:

 gcc-c++                              x86_64                      4.4.7-17.el6                      base                      4.7 M

Installing for dependencies:

 libstdc++-devel                      x86_64                      4.4.7-17.el6                      base                      1.6 M

Updating for dependencies:

 libstdc++                            x86_64                      4.4.7-17.el6                      base                      295 k

 

Transaction Summary

========================================================================================================================================

Install      2 Package(s)

Upgrade      1 Package(s)

 

Total download size: 6.6 M

Downloading Packages:

(1/3): gcc-c++-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                          | 4.7 MB     01:10    

(2/3): libstdc++-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                        | 295 kB     00:03    

(3/3): libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                  | 1.6 MB     00:26    

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                                                                                   67 kB/s | 6.6 MB     01:41    

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

 Updating  : libstdc++-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64                                                                                       1/4

 Installing: libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64                                                                                 2/4

 Installing: gcc-c++-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64                                                                                         3/4

 Cleanup   : libstdc++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64                                                                                        4/4

 Verifying :gcc-c++-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64                                                                                         1/4

 Verifying :libstdc++-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64                                                                                       2/4

 Verifying :libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-17.el6.x86_64                                                                                 3/4

 Verifying :libstdc++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64                                                                                        4/4

 

Installed:

 gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-17.el6                                                                                                        

 

Dependency Installed:

 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.7-17.el6                                                                                                

 

Dependency Updated:

 libstdc++.x86_640:4.4.7-17.el6                                                                                                      

 

Complete!

 

[root@localhost ~]# shutdown -r now

安装好相关内核组件，重启centos6.5并再次安装增强包即可顺利安装。

 

 

二、建立共享文件夹

1、创建共享文件夹

 

2、命令行操作

1）、创建共享目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/share

2）、挂载共享文件

[root@localhost ~]# mount -t vboxsf share/mnt/share

[root@localhost~]# cd /mnt/share

[root@localhostshare]# ls -al

总用量 4

drwxrwxrwx. 1root root   0 6月 15 14:03 .

drwxr-xr-x. 7root root 4096 6月 15 14:06 ..

[root@localhostshare]# ls -al

总用量 12

drwxrwxrwx. 1root root   0 6月 15 2016 .

drwxr-xr-x. 7root root 4096 6月 15 14:06 ..

-rwxrwxrwx. 1root root 7277 5月 12 10:43 DNSS.txt

[root@localhostshare]#

3）、设置开机自动挂载共享文件夹，此处提供两种方法

法1，添加到/etc/fstab中

[root@localhost share]# vim /etc/fstab

 

#

# /etc/fstab

# Created byanaconda on Mon Jun 13 10:16:45 2016

#

# Accessiblefilesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See manpages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

#

UUID=4a3834d1-7ee7-4a62-9981-02f5fd003640/                      ext4   defaults       1 1

UUID=01099336-5280-425b-8f81-41eec776a624/boot                  ext4   defaults       1 2

UUID=19979dd3-99ed-4b33-abe9-61b5145e4b4c/home                  ext4   defaults       1 2

UUID=28098617-d10c-4d5e-93d8-823960863daeswap                   swap   defaults       0 0

tmpfs                  /dev/shm               tmpfs  defaults       0 0

devpts                 /dev/pts               devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

sysfs                  /sys                   sysfs  defaults       0 0

proc                   /proc                  proc   defaults       0 0

 

/dev/sr0               /mnt/iso               iso9660 ro,loop        0 0

share      /mnt/share    vboxsf     rw,gid=100,uid=1000,auto   00    

[root@localhostshare]# df -hT

Filesystem    Type    Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2     ext4     15G 5.1G 9.2G 36% /

tmpfs         tmpfs   372M  76K 372M  1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1     ext4    969M  54M 865M  6% /boot

/dev/sda3     ext4     14G  37M  13G  1% /home

/dev/sr0      iso9660 1.8G 1.8G    0 100% /mnt/iso

share         vboxsf  222G  65G 157G 30% /mnt/share

/dev/sr1      iso9660  56M  56M    0 100% /media/VBOXADDITIONS_5.0.20_106931

[root@localhostshare]#

法2：                                                    

在系统启动时执行挂载脚本:

#vi/etc/rc.d/rc.local

在文件的最后加入上面手动挂载的命令，比如：

mount -tvboxsf share /mnt/share

 

[root@localhost share]# vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local

 

#!/bin/sh

#

# This scriptwill be executed *after* all the other init scripts.

# You can putyour own initialization stuff in here if you don't

# want to dothe full Sys V style init stuff.

 

touch/var/lock/subsys/local

mount -t vboxsf share /mnt/share

 

[root@localhost~]# df -hT

Filesystem    Type    Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2     ext4     15G 5.1G 9.2G 36% /

tmpfs         tmpfs   372M  76K 372M  1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1     ext4    969M  54M 865M  6% /boot

/dev/sda3     ext4     14G  37M  13G  1% /home

/dev/sr0      iso9660 1.8G 1.8G    0 100% /mnt/iso

share         vboxsf  222G  65G 157G 30% /mnt/share

/dev/sr1      iso9660  56M  56M    0 100% /media/VBOXADDITIONS_5.0.20_106931

4）、取消挂载

[root@localhost ~]#umount -f /mnt/shared

5）、注意事项：

挂载时提示：/sbin/mount.vboxsf: mounting failed with the error: No suchdevice 

则表示没有载入内核模块 vboxfs  

[root@localhost ~]#lsmod | grep vboxsf 

如果没有结果返回，说明 vboxsf确实没有载入，执行 

[root@localhost ~]# modprobe vboxsf 

再次执行以上步骤即可