学习Caffe(一)安装Caffe

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Caffe是一个深度学习框架,本文讲阐述如何在linux下安装GPU加速的caffe。
系统配置是:

  • OS: Ubuntu14.04
  • CPU: i5-4690
  • GPU: GTX960
  • RAM: 8G

安装方法参见caffe的官方文档:http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html#compilation
依赖项:

  • CUDA:推荐7.0以上的cuda和最新的显卡驱动。
  • BLAS:ATLAS, MKL, or OpenBLAS。C++矩阵运算库。
  • Boost >= 1.55。用到一些数学函数等。
  • protobuf:是一种轻便、高效的结构化数据存储格式,可以用于结构化数据串行化,很适合做数据存储或 RPC 数据交换格式。
  • glog&&gflags:谷歌的一个日志库;命令行参数解析库。方便调试使用。
  • hdf5:
  • lmdb,leveldb:数据库IO。准备数据时会用到。

可选依赖:

  • OpenCV >= 2.4 including 3.0
  • IO libraries: lmdb, leveldb (note: leveldb requires snappy)
  • cuDNN for GPU acceleration (v5)

Pycaffe:
Python 2.7 or Python 3.3+, numpy (>= 1.7), boost-provided boost.python

Matcaffe:
MATLAB with the mex compiler

安装CUDA7.5

CUDA维基百科:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/CUDA
CUDA(Compute Unified Device Architecture,统一计算架构)是由NVIDIA所推出的一种集成技术,是该公司对于GPGPU的正式名称。通过这个技术,用户可利用NVIDIA的GeForce 8以后的GPU和较新的Quadro GPU进行计算。亦是首次可以利用GPU作为C-编译器的开发环境。

安装过程

1.下载Cuda

下载CUDA:https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads 选择下载deb包(或者runfile),下载完后用mu5sum检查一下文件是否完整。按照cuda官方文档安装cuda.

2.安装

先关闭桌面显示管理器lightdm,进入字符界面,在字符界面安装cuda。(这是因为cuda的安装包里包含了显卡驱动,安装驱动前要先关闭桌面显示管理器)
(也可分别安装显卡驱动与cuda库)

sudo service stop

切换到deb包目录,执行下面的命令

sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-<distro>_<version>_<architecture>.deb  sudo apt-get update  sudo apt-get install cuda  

然后重启电脑:sudo reboot
注意,cuda的安装包中已经包含了较新版本的显卡驱动。

3.配置环境变量

将cuda安装目录下的bin路径导出到系统的搜索路径path
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并使之生效
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添加动态库查找路径:在 /etc/ld.so.conf.d/加入文件 cuda.conf, 内容如下

/usr/local/cuda/lib64

保存后,执行下列命令使之立刻生效:

sudo ldconfig

4.验证

查看Cuda的C编译器NVCC的版本:

nvcc -V

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编译并运行例子,进入cuda目录下的samples目录,然后在该目录下make,等待十来分钟。编译完成后,可以在Samples里面找到bin/x86_64/linux/release/目录,并切换到该目录
运行deviceQuery程序,查看输出结果如下(重点关注最后一行,Pass表示通过测试)。
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5.gcc编译器版本

该版本cuda不支持gcc5.0的编译器

参考文献:
[1]Ubuntu 16.04 安装 NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit 7.5 https://gist.github.com/dangbiao1991/2c895917ea888ce33af8c1c72444b7bf
[2]Ubuntu 14.04+cuda 7.5+caffe安装配置 http://blog.csdn.net/ubunfans/article/details/47724341

安装Cudnn

下载cudnn https://developer.nvidia.com/rdp/cudnn-download, 解压,把lib目录,include目录分别复制到cuda的安装目录下。

安装BLAS

install ATLAS by sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev or install OpenBLAS or MKL for better CPU performance.

下载Caffe

安装Caffe依赖库

通用依赖库:

sudo apt-get install libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev libopencv-dev libhdf5-serial-dev protobuf-compilersudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev

Ubuntu14.04 依赖库:

sudo apt-get install libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev liblmdb-dev

PyCaffe依赖库

进入caffe/python目录,安装依赖项:

for req in $(cat requirements.txt); do pip install $req; done

caffe官网推荐使用Anaconda http://continuum.io/downloads#all Anaconda是一个和Canopy类似的科学计算环境,但用起来更加方便。自带的包管理器conda也很强大。

MatCaffe

安装matlabR2014a

编译caffe

复制并修改Makefile.config文件:

## Refer to http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html# Contributions simplifying and improving our build system are welcome!# cuDNN acceleration switch (uncomment to build with cuDNN).  USE_CUDNN := 1# CPU-only switch (uncomment to build without GPU support).# CPU_ONLY := 1# uncomment to disable IO dependencies and corresponding data layers# USE_OPENCV := 0# USE_LEVELDB := 0# USE_LMDB := 0# uncomment to allow MDB_NOLOCK when reading LMDB files (only if necessary)#   You should not set this flag if you will be reading LMDBs with any#   possibility of simultaneous read and write# ALLOW_LMDB_NOLOCK := 1# Uncomment if you're using OpenCV 3# OPENCV_VERSION := 3# To customize your choice of compiler, uncomment and set the following.# N.B. the default for Linux is g++ and the default for OSX is clang++# CUSTOM_CXX := g++# CUDA directory contains bin/ and lib/ directories that we need.CUDA_DIR := /usr/local/cuda# On Ubuntu 14.04, if cuda tools are installed via# "sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit" then use this instead:# CUDA_DIR := /usr# CUDA architecture setting: going with all of them.# For CUDA < 6.0, comment the *_50 lines for compatibility.CUDA_ARCH := -gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_20 \        -gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_21 \        -gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 \        -gencode arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 \        -gencode arch=compute_50,code=sm_50 \        -gencode arch=compute_50,code=compute_50# BLAS choice:# atlas for ATLAS (default)# mkl for MKL# open for OpenBlasBLAS := atlas# Custom (MKL/ATLAS/OpenBLAS) include and lib directories.# Leave commented to accept the defaults for your choice of BLAS# (which should work)!# BLAS_INCLUDE := /path/to/your/blas# BLAS_LIB := /path/to/your/blas# Homebrew puts openblas in a directory that is not on the standard search path# BLAS_INCLUDE := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/include# BLAS_LIB := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/lib# This is required only if you will compile the matlab interface.# MATLAB directory should contain the mex binary in /bin.MATLAB_DIR := /usr/local/MATLAB/R2014a# MATLAB_DIR := /Applications/MATLAB_R2012b.app# NOTE: this is required only if you will compile the python interface.# We need to be able to find Python.h and numpy/arrayobject.h. PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7 \        /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include# Anaconda Python distribution is quite popular. Include path:# Verify anaconda location, sometimes it's in root.# ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/anaconda# PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include \#        $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python2.7 \#        $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include \# Uncomment to use Python 3 (default is Python 2)# PYTHON_LIBRARIES := boost_python3 python3.5m# PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python3.5m \#                 /usr/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/numpy/core/include# We need to be able to find libpythonX.X.so or .dylib. PYTHON_LIB := /usr/lib# PYTHON_LIB := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib# Homebrew installs numpy in a non standard path (keg only)# PYTHON_INCLUDE += $(dir $(shell python -c 'import numpy.core; print(numpy.core.__file__)'))/include# PYTHON_LIB += $(shell brew --prefix numpy)/lib# Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs) WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1# Whatever else you find you need goes here.INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/includeLIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib# If Homebrew is installed at a non standard location (for example your home directory) and you use it for general dependencies# INCLUDE_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/include# LIBRARY_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/lib# Uncomment to use `pkg-config` to specify OpenCV library paths.# (Usually not necessary -- OpenCV libraries are normally installed in one of the above $LIBRARY_DIRS.)# USE_PKG_CONFIG := 1# N.B. both build and distribute dirs are cleared on `make clean`BUILD_DIR := buildDISTRIBUTE_DIR := distribute# Uncomment for debugging. Does not work on OSX due to https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/171# DEBUG := 1# The ID of the GPU that 'make runtest' will use to run unit tests.TEST_GPUID := 0# enable pretty build (comment to see full commands)Q ?= @

进入caffe目录,执行:

make allmake testmake runtest

无错误,编译完成。

编译pycaffe与matcaffe

进入caffe目录,执行

make pycaffemake matcaffe

Caffe python接口

复制caffe/python/caffe 到/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/目录下。
复制caffe/build/lib/下的库文件到/usr/local/lib

$ sudo ldconfig

打开python,import caffe,无错误。

Caffe C++接口

分别将include,lib目录复制。

测试

测试mnist http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/gathered/examples/mnist.html

准备数据

cd $CAFFE_ROOT./data/mnist/get_mnist.sh./examples/mnist/create_mnist.sh

LeNet: the MNIST Classification Model


升级cuda8.0

安装cuda8.0,重启
编译cuda samples无法运行,提示错误:
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应该是驱动版本没有更新
查看/etc/modprobe.d/目录下的文件,查看nvidia-graphics-drivers.conf:
将alias nvidia nvidia_352改为alias nvidia_367
将alias nvidia-uvm nvidia_352-uvm改为alias nvidia-uvm nvidia_367-uvm
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问题解决。

Caffe matlab protobuf错误

https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/1917
先卸载protobuf,然后下载源码,按照上文编译。
修改caffe的makefile,重新编译。解决。

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