Google Gson简明教程
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简介
Gson是Google出品的一个JSON解析library,它可以将任意的Java对象转换为JSON string,也可以将JSON string转换为对应的Java对象。
官方介绍如下:
Gson is a Java library that can be used to convert Java Objects into their JSON representation. It can also be used to convert a JSON string to an equivalent Java object.
Gson can work with arbitrary Java objects including pre-existing objects that you do not have source code of.
maven依赖
<dependencies> <!-- Gson: Java to Json conversion --> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId> <artifactId>gson</artifactId> <version>2.7</version> </dependency></dependencies>
Gson
序列化&反序列化
通过Gson的toJson和fromJson方法来完成Serialization&Deserialization。
友情提示
This is the main class for using Gson. Gson is typically used by first constructing a Gson instance and then invoking toJson(Object) or fromJson(String, Class) methods on it. Gson instances are Thread-safe so you can reuse them freely across multiple threads.
Gson是线程安全的(Thread-Safe),可以在多线程间共享使用。
基本类型
// SerializationGson gson = new Gson();gson.toJson(1); // ==> 1gson.toJson("abcd"); // ==> "abcd"gson.toJson(new Long(10)); // ==> 10int[] values = { 1 };gson.toJson(values); // ==> [1]// Deserializationint one = gson.fromJson("1", int.class);Integer one = gson.fromJson("1", Integer.class);Long one = gson.fromJson("1", Long.class);Boolean false = gson.fromJson("false", Boolean.class);String str = gson.fromJson("\"abc\"", String.class);String[] anotherStr = gson.fromJson("[\"abc\"]", String[].class);
简单对象
1、序列化
class User { private long id; private String name; private int age; private transient int gender; User() { // no-args constructor } //省略setter/getter方法}// SerializationUser user = new User();user.setId(3);user.setName("ricky");user.setAge(27);Gson gson = new Gson();String json = gson.toJson(user); System.out.println(json);
输出结果:
{"id":3,"name":"ricky","age":27}
需要注意几点:
- 序列化对象推荐使用基本类型属性
- 默认情况下,属性值为null在序列化时会被忽略
- 默认情况下,transient修饰的属性在序列化和反序列化时会被忽略不输出。
2、反序列化
// DeserializationGson gson = new Gson();User obj2 = gson.fromJson(json, User.class);
复杂对象
class User { private long id; private String name; private int age; private transient int gender; private Address address; //省略getter/setter方法}// SerializationUser user = new User();user.setId(3);user.setName("ricky");user.setAge(27);Address address = new Address();address.setProvince("湖北省");address.setCity("武汉市");address.setDistrict("武昌区");user.setAddress(address);Gson gson = new Gson();String json = gson.toJson(user); System.out.println(json);
输出结果:
{“id”:3,”name”:”ricky”,”age”:27,”address”:{“province”:”湖北省”,”city”:”武汉市”,”district”:”武昌区”}}
数组
Gson gson = new Gson();int[] ints = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};String[] strings = {"abc", "def", "ghi"};// Serializationgson.toJson(ints); // ==> [1,2,3,4,5]gson.toJson(strings); // ==> ["abc", "def", "ghi"]// Deserializationint[] ints2 = gson.fromJson("[1,2,3,4,5]", int[].class); // ==> ints2 will be same as ints
Gson支持多维数组Serialization/Deserialization。
集合
基本类型
Gson gson = new Gson();Collection<Integer> ints = Lists.immutableList(1,2,3,4,5);// SerializationString json = gson.toJson(ints); // ==> json is [1,2,3,4,5]// DeserializationType collectionType = new TypeToken<Collection<Integer>>(){}.getType();Collection<Integer> ints2 = gson.fromJson(json, collectionType);// ==> ints2 is same as ints
对象集合
List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>(); User user = new User(); user.setId(1); user.setName("ricky"); user.setAge(27); list.add(user); Gson gson = new Gson(); // Serialization String json = gson.toJson(list); System.out.println(json); // Deserialization Type listType = new TypeToken<List<User>>(){}.getType(); List<User> userList = gson.fromJson(json, listType); System.out.println(userList);
泛型类
class Foo<T> { T value;}Gson gson = new Gson();Foo<Bar> foo = new Foo<Bar>();Type fooType = new TypeToken<Foo<Bar>>() {}.getType();gson.toJson(foo, fooType);gson.fromJson(json, fooType);
指定属性序列化名称
默认情况下,Gson使用属性名作为序列化名称,我们也可以使用SerializedName注解来为属性指定一个不同于属性名的名称。
class Person { @SerializedName("first_name") private String firstName; @SerializedName("middle_name") private String middleName; @SerializedName("last_name") private String lastName; private int age; //省略getter/setter方法}Person p = new Person();p.setFirstName("Shark");p.setMiddleName("Q");p.setLastName("ONeal");p.setAge(27);Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().serializeNulls().create();String json = gson.toJson(p); //{"first_name":"Shark","middle_name":"Q","last_name":"ONeal","age":27}
控制Gson Serialization and Deserialization行为
JSON 输出格式
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create();String jsonOutput = gson.toJson(someObject);
序列化null属性
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().serializeNulls().create();
自定义Serialization and Deserialization
有些时候Gson默认的Serialization and Deserialization满足不了我们的需求,例如DateTime,此时我们就需要自定义了。
Gson 允许我们注册自定义的serializers and deserializers. 这部分定义如下:
- Json Serializers: Need to define custom serialization for an object
- Json Deserializers: Needed to define custom deserialization for a
type - Instance Creators: Not needed if no-args constructor is available or
a deserializer is registered
Excluding Fields From Serialization and Deserialization
1、修饰符
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;Gson gson = new GsonBuilder() .excludeFieldsWithModifiers(Modifier.STATIC) .create();
2、@Expose注解
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().excludeFieldsWithoutExposeAnnotation().create()
JsonParser
有些情况下,如果需要手工解析JSON string,可以使用com.google.gson.JsonParser类,如下:
String json = "{\"first_name\":\"Shark\",\"middle_name\":\"Q\",\"last_name\":\"ONeal\",\"age\":27}"; JsonParser parser = new JsonParser(); JsonObject jObj = parser.parse(json).getAsJsonObject(); String first_name = jObj.get("first_name").getAsString(); //Shark System.out.println(first_name);
参考资料
https://github.com/google/gson/blob/master/UserGuide.md
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