UVA 11076 Add Again

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Question:
Summation of sequence of integers is always a common problem in Computer Science. Rather than
computing blindly, some intelligent techniques make the task simpler. Here you have to find the summation
of a sequence of integers. The sequence is an interesting one and it is the all possible permutations
of a given set of digits. For example, if the digits are <1 2 3>, then six possible permutations are
<123>, <132>, <213>, <231>, <312>, <321> and the sum of them is 1332.
Input
Each input set will start with a positive integer N (1 ≤ N ≤ 12). The next line will contain N decimal
digits. Input will be terminated by N = 0. There will be at most 20000 test set.
Output
For each test set, there should be a one line output containing the summation. The value will fit in
64-bit unsigned integer.
Sample Input
3
1 2 3
3
1 1 2
0
Sample Output
1332
444
题意大意:给你n个数字,让你将他们任意排序(但组成的为同一数字算作一个数字),并求出他们的和,例如:1,2,3可组成123,132,213,231,312,321。。。契合为1332。
思路:计算每个数字出现的次数,然后定住任意一个数字,将其拿出来,让其他的数任意排列,总数为这些数字组合加载一起,但注意去重的时候可能失误,要将指定那个数拿出来(即将这个数字的个数减一),否则会去重多去掉。
(http://acm.hust.edu.cn/vjudge/contest/121559#problem/F)

#include <cstdio>#include <iostream>#include <cstring>using namespace std;typedef long long LL;LL sum,f[15];int main(){    int n,x,a[10];    f[0]=1;    for(int i=1;i<=12;i++)        f[i]=f[i-1]*i;    while (scanf("%d",&n),n)    {        sum=0;        memset(a,0,sizeof(a));        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)        {            scanf("%d",&x);            a[x]++;        }        LL temp=1,t;        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)        {            for(int j=0;j<10;j++)            {                if(!a[j])                    continue;                a[j]--;    //注意此处将选中的那个数的个数减一,避免多次去重                t=j*f[n-1];                for(int k=0;k<10;k++)                    t/=f[a[k]];                t*=temp;                sum+=t;                a[j]++;  //但是去重后要将这个数加上,否则会对下次其他数字排序产生影响            }            temp*=10;        }        printf("%lld\n",sum);    }    return 0;}

体会:本弱就走进了去重的误区,可能是自己数学不好吧,深深体会到数学的重要性。发誓一定要好好学习数学

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