多角度看Binder

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转载请注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/callon_h/article/details/52073268

引子

上一篇博客从内核驱动到android app讲述了android通过框架层访问到硬件的方法。

这一篇博客,承接上一篇,来讲述其访问硬件的第二种方法中涉及的binder的知识(其实不止是硬件服务,后面大家会看到)。

有人看过上一篇博客源码的可能问,从上篇给的源码中完全没有看到binder相关的东西,那么在此先贴一段代码,慢慢讲:

/* * This file is auto-generated.  DO NOT MODIFY. * Original file: frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/ILedService.aidl */package android.os;/** {@hide} */public interface ILedService extends android.os.IInterface{/** Local-side IPC implementation stub class. */public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements android.os.ILedService{     ......}public int LedOpen() throws android.os.RemoteException;public int LedOn(int arg) throws android.os.RemoteException;public int LedOff(int arg) throws android.os.RemoteException;}
看到这里有的朋友可能想起来了,这是我们之前用ILedService.aidl自动生成的ILedService.java,路径其实上一篇说过了,只是代码没贴。

那么其中最重要的Stub类它继承(extends)于Binder并且还实现(implements)了android.os.ILedService里的接口。
这里就引出了我们的主角Binder,它是android源码分析中的重中之重。


Binder的概念

文章1-揭示本质:

简单地说,Binder是Android平台上的一种跨进程交互技术

从实现的角度来说,Binder核心被实现成一个Linux驱动程序,并运行于内核态。这样它才能具有强大的跨进程访问能力。


文章2-溯其根源:

在Linux系统里面,进程之间是相互隔离的,也就是说进程之间的各个数据是互相独立,互不影响,而如果一个进程崩溃了,也不会影响到另一个进程。这样的前提下将互相不影响的系统功能分拆到不同的进程里面去,有助于提升系统的稳定性,毕竟我们都不想自己的应用进程崩溃会导致整个手机系统的崩溃。而Android是基于Linux系统进行开发的,也充分利用的进程隔离这一特性。

这些Android的系统进程,从System Server 到 SurfaceFlinger,各个进程各司其职,支撑起整个Android系统。而我们进行的Android开发也是和这些系统进程打交道,通过他们提供的服务,架构起我们的App程序。那么有了这些进程之后,问题紧接着而来,我们怎么和这些进程合作了?答案就是IPC

Linux System 在IPC中,做了很多工作,提供了不少进程间通信的方式,下面罗列了几种比较常见的方式。

  1. Signals 信号量
  2. Pipes 管道
  3. Socket 套接字
  4. Message Queue 消息队列
  5. Shared Memory 共享内存
按照复用的角度上看,既然有这么多”轮子”后,就应该合理利用这些”轮子”,从而方便地调用系统服务。然而事实并没有这么简单,Android系统作为嵌入式的移动操作系统,通信条件相对更加苛责一些,苛责的地方提现在:
  1. 拮据的内存,移动设备上的内存情况不同于PC平台,内存受限,因而需要有合适的机制来保证对空闲进程的回收
  2. Android 不支持System V IPCs
  3. 安全性问题显得更为突出,移动平台特有的权限问题
  4. 需要Death Notification(进程终止的通知)的支持

由于前面提及的特殊性,先前的轮子已经不能满足所有的需求了,因而Android上就有了 Binder。 Binder 是一个基于OpenBinder开发,Google在其中进行了相应的改造和优化,在面向对象系统里面的IPC/组件,适配了相关特性,并致力于建立具有扩展性、稳定、灵活的系统。

但尽管如此,跨进程调用还是受到了 Linux 进程隔离的限制,而解决方案就是将其置于所有进程都能共享的区域 –Kernel,而 Binder Driver 提供的功能也就是让各进程使用内核空间,将进程中的地址和Kernel中的地址映射起来,其中Linux ioctl 函数实现了从用户空间转移到内核空间的功能。在 Binder Driver 的支持下,就能实现跨进程调用。


Binder的架构

文章3-述其本质

Binder架构包括服务器接口、Binder驱动、客户端接口三个模块。

Binder服务端(Server):一个Binder服务端实际上就是Binder类的对象,该对象一旦创建,内部则会启动一个隐藏线程,会接收Binder驱动发送的消息,收到消息后,会执行Binder对象中的onTransact()函数,并按照该函数的参数执行不同的服务器端代码。onTransact函数的参数是客户端调用transact函数的输入。

Binder驱动(Driver):任意一个服务端Binder对象被创建时,同时会在Binder驱动中创建一个mRemote对象,该对象也是一个Binder类。客户端访问远程服务端都是通过该mRemote对象。

客户端(Client):获取远程服务在Binder驱动中对应的mRemote引用,然后调用它的transact方法即可向服务端发送消息。

作为架构先了解到这,然后我们先来通过上一篇的Led的例子来理解架构。


细说Led中的Binder:

AIDL中的Binder架构:


首先附上详细的ILedService.java程序并加以说明:

/* * This file is auto-generated.  DO NOT MODIFY. * Original file: frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/ILedService.aidl */package android.os;/** {@hide} */public interface ILedService extends android.os.IInterface{/** Local-side IPC implementation stub class. */public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements android.os.ILedService{private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "android.os.ILedService";/** Construct the stub at attach it to the interface. */public Stub(){this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);}/** * Cast an IBinder object into an android.os.ILedService interface, * generating a proxy if needed. */public static android.os.ILedService asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj){if ((obj==null)) {return null;}android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);if (((iin!=null)&&(iin instanceof android.os.ILedService))) {return ((android.os.ILedService)iin);}return new android.os.ILedService.Stub.Proxy(obj);}@Override public android.os.IBinder asBinder(){return this;}@Override public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException{switch (code){case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION:{reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);return true;}case TRANSACTION_LedOpen:{data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);int _result = this.LedOpen();reply.writeNoException();reply.writeInt(_result);return true;}case TRANSACTION_LedOn:{data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);int _arg0;_arg0 = data.readInt();int _result = this.LedOn(_arg0);reply.writeNoException();reply.writeInt(_result);return true;}case TRANSACTION_LedOff:{data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);int _arg0;_arg0 = data.readInt();int _result = this.LedOff(_arg0);reply.writeNoException();reply.writeInt(_result);return true;}}return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);}private static class Proxy implements android.os.ILedService{private android.os.IBinder mRemote;Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote){mRemote = remote;}@Override public android.os.IBinder asBinder(){return mRemote;}public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor(){return DESCRIPTOR;}@Override public int LedOpen() throws android.os.RemoteException{android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();int _result;try {_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_LedOpen, _data, _reply, 0);_reply.readException();_result = _reply.readInt();}finally {_reply.recycle();_data.recycle();}return _result;}@Override public int LedOn(int arg) throws android.os.RemoteException{android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();int _result;try {_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);_data.writeInt(arg);mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_LedOn, _data, _reply, 0);_reply.readException();_result = _reply.readInt();}finally {_reply.recycle();_data.recycle();}return _result;}@Override public int LedOff(int arg) throws android.os.RemoteException{android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();int _result;try {_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);_data.writeInt(arg);mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_LedOff, _data, _reply, 0);_reply.readException();_result = _reply.readInt();}finally {_reply.recycle();_data.recycle();}return _result;}}static final int TRANSACTION_LedOpen = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0);static final int TRANSACTION_LedOn = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1);static final int TRANSACTION_LedOff = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 2);}public int LedOpen() throws android.os.RemoteException;public int LedOn(int arg) throws android.os.RemoteException;public int LedOff(int arg) throws android.os.RemoteException;}
只要细心一点一定能找到客户端Client需要的class Proxy还有服务端Server需要的class Stub,其实它们都在这一个文件中。

而为什么我能说客户端需要的是Proxy而不是Stub?或者说为什么服务端需要的是Stub而不是Proxy?

原因1. 我们先把注意力集中到Proxy类中的

@Override public int LedOpen() throws android.os.RemoteException

这个方法上(其实LedOn和LedOff也是一样的),它调用了一句:

mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_LedOpen, _data, _reply, 0);
接下来我们看Stub类的

@Override public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException{switch (code){case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION:{reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);return true;}case TRANSACTION_LedOpen:{data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);int _result = this.LedOpen();reply.writeNoException();reply.writeInt(_result);return true;}case TRANSACTION_LedOn:{data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);int _arg0;_arg0 = data.readInt();int _result = this.LedOn(_arg0);reply.writeNoException();reply.writeInt(_result);return true;}case TRANSACTION_LedOff:{data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);int _arg0;_arg0 = data.readInt();int _result = this.LedOff(_arg0);reply.writeNoException();reply.writeInt(_result);return true;}}return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);}
细节我们可以不深究但是至少我们能够得到这样一个结论:我们的Proxy类transact了一个TRANSACTION_LedOpen“消息”,而Stub类中的onTransact可以来通过switch响应这个“消息”,并且调用我们真正在LedService.java上实现的

public int LedOpen() throws android.os.RemoteException;
方法。

原因2. 我们来看LedService这个类到底是继承自谁?

public class LedService extends ILedService.Stub

原因3.  Proxy意为代理人,Stub意为票根。微笑

总结一下(1图取自文章4,2图取自文章5),个人觉得用图的方式总结是最好的:


该图中的Proxy为之前所述的ILedService.Stub.Proxy,Stub为ILedService.Stub,Client你可以认为是调用

 iLedService = ILedService.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("led"));  
的app,而Service则可以认为是LedService。


而上图是我们正常的service访问流程图,正常的service一般都含有IBinder mBinder对象和OnBind()方法,而在app的activity端有onServiceConnection()对应之,其中getPid()对应于我们的LedOpen()等AIDL定义的接口方法。这些都只是框架,如果要到代码层分析还需要了解一些Binder中的概念。


文章1—深入Binder概念

BpBinder——Binder中的代理方对应类,C++语言描述,继承自IBinder

BBinder——Binder中响应方对应类,C++语言描述,继承自IBinder

BpInterface——进程并不直接和BpBinder(Binder代理)打交道,而是通过调用BpInterface(接口代理)的成员函数来完成远程调用的

BnInterface——BnInterface是继承于BBinder的,它并没有采用聚合的方式来包含一个BBinder对象

ProcessState——在每个进程中,会有一个全局的ProcessState对象,ProcessState的字面意思就是“进程状态”,当然应该是每个进程一个ProcessState


Led代码层的Binder

我们通过前一篇博文可以看到,要完成LedService还需要的重要一步是注册进ServiceManager

led = new LedService();  ServiceManager.addService("led", led);

由ServiceManager统一管理,而client进程与这些Service通信时,首先需要向ServiceManagerService中查找相应的Service,拿到返回值后再将返回值转成对应的接口,就可与对应的Service进行通信了,也就是我们在app中使用的语句

 iLedService = ILedService.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("led"));  
这里会涉及到一个问题:ServiceManagerService本身就是一个单独的进程,客户端必须先跨进程与ServiceManagerService交互之后才可与自己需要的Service进行交互。解决的办法为:将ServiceManagerService的handle(每一个Service的唯一标识)设置为0,这样就可以拿到SMS在本进程中的代理对象了(c层中直接new的一个BpBinder(0)对象,这拿到的就是SMS的代理对象)。但对于别的Service而言,不能采用该种方法,因为它们的句柄由SMS控制,不一定是固定的。

ServiceManagerService类似于DNS服务器,每一台pc都会向dns服务器中查询自己无法解析的域名对应的ip地址,然后使用拿到的ip地址进行访问。而client首先向ServiceManagerService查询自己需要的Service的handle(相当于ip),然后才跟对应的Service通信。而

ServiceManager.getService("led")
就相当于从dns查询ip的过程,我们首先分析它:

public final class ServiceManager {    private static final String TAG = "ServiceManager";    private static IServiceManager sServiceManager;    private static HashMap<String, IBinder> sCache = new HashMap<String, IBinder>();    private static IServiceManager getIServiceManager() {        if (sServiceManager != null) {            return sServiceManager;        }        // Find the service manager        sServiceManager = ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(BinderInternal.getContextObject());        return sServiceManager;    }    /**     * Returns a reference to a service with the given name.     *      * @param name the name of the service to get     * @return a reference to the service, or <code>null</code> if the service doesn't exist     */    public static IBinder getService(String name) {        try {            IBinder service = sCache.get(name);            if (service != null) {                return service;            } else {                return getIServiceManager().getService(name);            }        } catch (RemoteException e) {            Log.e(TAG, "error in getService", e);        }        return null;    }    ...    ...}
getService会在缓存中找我们name对应的service,找不到就调用getIServiceManager()拿到我们的ServiceManager Service,然后通过getService拿到我们的IBinder对象

再往下分析,首先看getIServiceManager()实际上调用了

// Find the service manager        sServiceManager = ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(BinderInternal.getContextObject());
继续找到asInterface

public abstract class ServiceManagerNative extends Binder implements IServiceManager{    /**     * Cast a Binder object into a service manager interface, generating     * a proxy if needed.     */    static public IServiceManager asInterface(IBinder obj)    {        if (obj == null) {            return null;        }        IServiceManager in =            (IServiceManager)obj.queryLocalInterface(descriptor);        if (in != null) {            return in;        }                return new ServiceManagerProxy(obj);    }...}

asInterface最后返回的是IServiceManager的子类ServiceManagerProxy,所以我们的getIServiceManager().getService(name)就相当于ServiceManagerProxy(obj).getService(name),其中obj就是我们的BinderInternal.getContextObject(),再往下

class ServiceManagerProxy implements IServiceManager {    public ServiceManagerProxy(IBinder remote) {        mRemote = remote;    }        public IBinder asBinder() {        return mRemote;    }        public IBinder getService(String name) throws RemoteException {        Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();        Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();        data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager.descriptor);        data.writeString(name);        mRemote.transact(GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);        IBinder binder = reply.readStrongBinder();        reply.recycle();        data.recycle();        return binder;    }...}
其中,我们的mRemote就是我们的BinderInternal.getContextObject(),我们把它的代码找到

/**     * Return the global "context object" of the system.  This is usually     * an implementation of IServiceManager, which you can use to find     * other services.     */    public static final native IBinder getContextObject();
从注释中可以看出getContextObject是一个native方法,它拿到的是一个整个系统的context object,并且经常是IServiceManager的实现类,通过它你可以找到其他的services,即它就是管理所有services的ServiceManagerService,如果还想往下分析,需要找到我们的android_util_Binder.cpp:

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------static const JNINativeMethod gBinderInternalMethods[] = {     /* name, signature, funcPtr */    { "getContextObject", "()Landroid/os/IBinder;", (void*)android_os_BinderInternal_getContextObject },    { "joinThreadPool", "()V", (void*)android_os_BinderInternal_joinThreadPool },    { "disableBackgroundScheduling", "(Z)V", (void*)android_os_BinderInternal_disableBackgroundScheduling },    { "handleGc", "()V", (void*)android_os_BinderInternal_handleGc }};
从名字上也知道android_os_BinderInternal_getContextObject是我们需要的:

static jobject android_os_BinderInternal_getContextObject(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz){    sp<IBinder> b = ProcessState::self()->getContextObject(NULL);    return javaObjectForIBinder(env, b);}
继续看b对象具体是什么

sp<IBinder> ProcessState::getContextObject(const sp<IBinder>& caller){    return getStrongProxyForHandle(0);}
getStrongProxyForHandle又是什么

sp<IBinder> ProcessState::getStrongProxyForHandle(int32_t handle){    sp<IBinder> result;    AutoMutex _l(mLock);    handle_entry* e = lookupHandleLocked(handle);    if (e != NULL) {        // We need to create a new BpBinder if there isn't currently one, OR we        // are unable to acquire a weak reference on this current one.  See comment        // in getWeakProxyForHandle() for more info about this.        IBinder* b = e->binder;        if (b == NULL || !e->refs->attemptIncWeak(this)) {            b = new BpBinder(handle);             e->binder = b;            if (b) e->refs = b->getWeakRefs();            result = b;        } else {            // This little bit of nastyness is to allow us to add a primary            // reference to the remote proxy when this team doesn't have one            // but another team is sending the handle to us.            result.force_set(b);            e->refs->decWeak(this);        }    }    return result;}
在这里我们就会发现,其实我们得到是BpBinder,所以ProcessState::self()->getContextObject(NULL)其实就是BpBinder(0)

这里的参数为什么是0呢?之前我也提到了,0指的就是我们ServiceManager的binder对象,这个是唯一的,所以javaObjectForIBinder(env, b)也就是javaObjectForIBinder(env,BpBinder(0)),接着我们不再贴长代码分析,没有意义,得出结论比较重要:

1. 分析javaObjectForIBinder,它返回的是jobject javaObjectForIBinder(JNIEnv* env, const sp<IBinder>& val),一个jobject对象,并且这个jobject对象主要是从gBinderProxyOffsets强制转化而来的,并且env->SetIntField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject, (int)val.get());它把BpBinder对象放进了gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject

2. gBinderProxyOffsets在int_register_android_os_BinderProxy中我们可以找到答案

const char* const kBinderProxyPathName = "android/os/BinderProxy";static int int_register_android_os_BinderProxy(JNIEnv* env){...    gBinderProxyOffsets.mClass = (jclass) env->NewGlobalRef(clazz);...}
从这里我们可以看出gBinderProxyOffsets其实就是android/os/BinderProxy我们的java类,也就是我们上面返回的是一个BinderProxy,BinderProxy是什么呢,一会我们会讲到,也就是说BinderInternal.getContextObject()我们最终得到是BinderProxy,也就是我们ServiceManager中的ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(BinderInternal.getContextObject());其实就是ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(BinderProxy);也就是getIServiceManager().getService(name);其实就是ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(BinderProxy).getService(name)。所以我们就又回到ServiceManagerProxy类中的getService了,也就是

public IBinder getService(String name) throws RemoteException {        Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();        Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();        data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager.descriptor);        data.writeString(name);        mRemote.transact(GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);        IBinder binder = reply.readStrongBinder();        reply.recycle();        data.recycle();        return binder;    }
我们的mRemote其实就是BinderProxy类,所以它的transact就是BinderProxy的transact,在Binder.java中

final class BinderProxy implements IBinder {    public native boolean pingBinder();    public native boolean isBinderAlive();    public IInterface queryLocalInterface(String descriptor) {        return null;    }    public boolean transact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags) throws RemoteException {        Binder.checkParcel(this, code, data, "Unreasonably large binder buffer");        return transactNative(code, data, reply, flags);    }...}
名为checkParcel和传输肯定无关,那么就是transactNative方法

public native boolean transactNative(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply,            int flags) throws RemoteException;
它的实体仍然在android_util_Binder.cpp

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------static const JNINativeMethod gBinderProxyMethods[] = {     /* name, signature, funcPtr */    {"pingBinder",          "()Z", (void*)android_os_BinderProxy_pingBinder},    {"isBinderAlive",       "()Z", (void*)android_os_BinderProxy_isBinderAlive},    {"getInterfaceDescriptor", "()Ljava/lang/String;", (void*)android_os_BinderProxy_getInterfaceDescriptor},    {"transactNative",      "(ILandroid/os/Parcel;Landroid/os/Parcel;I)Z", (void*)android_os_BinderProxy_transact},    {"linkToDeath",         "(Landroid/os/IBinder$DeathRecipient;I)V", (void*)android_os_BinderProxy_linkToDeath},    {"unlinkToDeath",       "(Landroid/os/IBinder$DeathRecipient;I)Z", (void*)android_os_BinderProxy_unlinkToDeath},    {"destroy",             "()V", (void*)android_os_BinderProxy_destroy},};
找到android_os_BinderProxy_transact

static jboolean android_os_BinderProxy_transact(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj,        jint code, jobject dataObj, jobject replyObj, jint flags) // throws RemoteException{...    IBinder* target = (IBinder*)        env->GetLongField(obj, gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject);...    status_t err = target->transact(code, *data, reply, flags);...    return JNI_FALSE;}
之前说了env->SetIntField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject, (int)val.get())它把BpBinder对象放进了gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject,所以这里的target把gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject取出来相当于拿到了BpBinder,所以这里调用了BpBinder的transact

status_t BpBinder::transact(    uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags){    // Once a binder has died, it will never come back to life.    if (mAlive) {        status_t status = IPCThreadState::self()->transact(            mHandle, code, data, reply, flags);        if (status == DEAD_OBJECT) mAlive = 0;        return status;    }    return DEAD_OBJECT;}
也就是status_t status = IPCThreadState::self()->transact(mHandle, code, data, reply, flags);分析该函数最终得到它会走向IPCThreadState::waitForResponse,这里是一个死循环

status_t IPCThreadState::waitForResponse(Parcel *reply, status_t *acquireResult){    int32_t cmd;    int32_t err;    while (1) {        if ((err=talkWithDriver()) < NO_ERROR) break;        ...        cmd = mIn.readInt32();        ...        switch (cmd) {        case BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE:            if (!reply && !acquireResult) goto finish;            break;                case BR_DEAD_REPLY:            err = DEAD_OBJECT;            goto finish;        case BR_FAILED_REPLY:            err = FAILED_TRANSACTION;            goto finish;                case BR_ACQUIRE_RESULT:            {                ALOG_ASSERT(acquireResult != NULL, "Unexpected brACQUIRE_RESULT");                const int32_t result = mIn.readInt32();                if (!acquireResult) continue;                *acquireResult = result ? NO_ERROR : INVALID_OPERATION;            }            goto finish;                case BR_REPLY:            ...            goto finish;        default:            err = executeCommand(cmd);            if (err != NO_ERROR) goto finish;            break;        }    }finish:    if (err != NO_ERROR) {        if (acquireResult) *acquireResult = err;        if (reply) reply->setError(err);        mLastError = err;    }        return err;}
而此处cmd为BR_TRANSACTION,所以执行的是default下的executeCommand,executeCommand中的代码过多,这里我们只截取我们需要的,在这里会走到

            if (tr.target.ptr) {                sp<BBinder> b((BBinder*)tr.cookie);                const status_t error = b->transact(tr.code, buffer, &reply, tr.flags);                if (error < NO_ERROR) reply.setError(error);            } else {                const status_t error = the_context_object->transact(tr.code, buffer, &reply, tr.flags);                if (error < NO_ERROR) reply.setError(error);            }
出现了我们的BBinder,根据前面的概念,这里就是服务端的东西了,我们继续看服务端

status_t BBinder::transact(    uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags){    data.setDataPosition(0);    status_t err = NO_ERROR;    switch (code) {        case PING_TRANSACTION:            reply->writeInt32(pingBinder());            break;        default:            err = onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);            break;    }    if (reply != NULL) {        reply->setDataPosition(0);    }    return err;}
也就是onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);方法,由于JavaBBinder中重写了此方法,所以就会走到JavaBBinder中的onTransact方法,Java BBinder是android_util_Binder.cpp中的类,所以我们进去看看
virtual status_t onTransact(        uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags = 0)    {        JNIEnv* env = javavm_to_jnienv(mVM);        LOGV("onTransact() on %p calling object %p in env %p vm %p\n", this, mObject, env, mVM);        IPCThreadState* thread_state = IPCThreadState::self();        const int strict_policy_before = thread_state->getStrictModePolicy();        thread_state->setLastTransactionBinderFlags(flags);                jboolean res = env->CallBooleanMethod(mObject, gBinderOffsets.mExecTransact,            code, (int32_t)&data, (int32_t)reply, flags);        ...        return res != JNI_FALSE ? NO_ERROR : UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION;    }
主要看我们的 jboolean res = env->CallBooleanMethod(mObject, gBinderOffsets.mExecTransact, code, (int32_t)&data, (int32_t)reply, flags)

很明显了,用gBinderOffsets.mExecTransact来执行了,而gBinderOffsets.mExecTransact是什么呢?

const char* const kBinderPathName = "android/os/Binder";static int int_register_android_os_Binder(JNIEnv* env){    jclass clazz;    clazz = env->FindClass(kBinderPathName);    LOG_FATAL_IF(clazz == NULL, "Unable to find class android.os.Binder");    gBinderOffsets.mClass = (jclass) env->NewGlobalRef(clazz);    gBinderOffsets.mExecTransact        = env->GetMethodID(clazz, "execTransact", "(IIII)Z");    assert(gBinderOffsets.mExecTransact);    gBinderOffsets.mObject        = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "mObject", "I");    assert(gBinderOffsets.mObject);    return AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(        env, kBinderPathName,        gBinderMethods, NELEM(gBinderMethods));}
很明显了是我们java层的android/os/Binder类中的execTransact方法,这样我们又回到java层了,去看看

private boolean execTransact(int code, int dataObj, int replyObj,            int flags) {        Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(dataObj);        Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain(replyObj);        // theoretically, we should call transact, which will call onTransact,        // but all that does is rewind it, and we just got these from an IPC,        // so we'll just call it directly.        boolean res;        try {            res = onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);        } catch (RemoteException e) {            reply.writeException(e);            res = true;        } catch (RuntimeException e) {            reply.writeException(e);            res = true;        } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {            RuntimeException re = new RuntimeException("Out of memory", e);            reply.writeException(re);            res = true;        }        reply.recycle();        data.recycle();        return res;    }
很明显了调用了onTransact,由于ServiceManagerNative继承于Binder并重写了onTransact方法,所以就会走到ServiceManagerNative中的onTransact,也就是我们绕世界一圈又回到了原点的感觉

public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags)    {        try {            switch (code) {            case IServiceManager.GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION: {                data.enforceInterface(IServiceManager.descriptor);                String name = data.readString();                IBinder service = getService(name);                reply.writeStrongBinder(service);                return true;            }                ...            ...            }        } catch (RemoteException e) {        }                return false;    }
希望大家还没有忘记我们的transact的内容是GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION,所以它会到getService,这并不是我们见过的getService,它位于/frameworks/base/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp
virtual sp<IBinder> getService(const String16& name) const    {        unsigned n;        for (n = 0; n < 5; n++){            sp<IBinder> svc = checkService(name);            if (svc != NULL) return svc;            LOGI("Waiting for service %s...\n", String8(name).string());            sleep(1);        }        return NULL;    }
checkService如下所示

virtual sp<IBinder> checkService( const String16& name) const    {        Parcel data, reply;        data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());        data.writeString16(name);        remote()->transact(CHECK_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);        return reply.readStrongBinder();    }
所以它事实上调用了一个远程的service并且传递了CHECK_SERVICE_TRANSACTION(其实就是常数 2),这个远程的service事实上在frameworks/base/cmds/servicemanager/service_manager.c中实现了,实际上我们已经触及到了最底层,而且它的onTransact如下所示

switch(txn->code) {   case SVC_MGR_GET_SERVICE:           case SVC_MGR_CHECK_SERVICE:        s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);        ptr = do_find_service(bs, s, len);        if (!ptr)            break;        bio_put_ref(reply, ptr);        return 0;
继续找到do_find_service

void *do_find_service(struct binder_state *bs, uint16_t *s, unsigned len){    struct svcinfo *si;    si = find_svc(s, len);//    ALOGI("check_service('%s') ptr = %p\n", str8(s), si ? si->ptr : 0);    if (si && si->ptr) {        return si->ptr;    } else {        return 0;    }
然后找find_svc

struct svcinfo *find_svc(uint16_t *s16, unsigned len){    struct svcinfo *si;    for (si = svclist; si; si = si->next) {        if ((len == si->len) &&            !memcmp(s16, si->name, len * sizeof(uint16_t))) {            return si;        }    }    return 0;}
此时已经明了了,它从svclist这个链表中找到我们name("led")所对应的service(LedService)并且返回。

至于我们怎样将service插入这个链表的,想大家也能猜到了,我们之前注册service的那几步中调用的ServiceManager.addService的底层就是插入链表操作了,多少都离不开我上面分析的这些过程,感兴趣的朋友可以自己创建SourceInsight工程分析一下~


参考文章:

1. 红茶一杯话Binder

2. Android Binder 全解析

3. 简单说Binder

4. Deep Dive into Android IPC/Binder Framework

5. Service与Android系统实现

6. Binder那点事儿

7. How does getSystemService() work exactly?

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