架构设计：负载均衡层设计方案（7）——LVS + Keepalived + Nginx安装及配置

来源：互联网发布：淘宝sony官方旗舰店编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/04/29 22:34

此文章只为个人学习收藏，转自原作者（未经允许严禁用于商业用途！）

目录(?)[+]

1、概述

上篇文章《架构设计：负载均衡层设计方案（6）——Nginx + Keepalived构建高可用的负载层》(http://blog.csdn.net/yinwenjie/article/details/47130609) 我们讲解了Nginx的故障切换，并且承诺各位读者会尽快讲解 LVS + Keepalived + Nginx的安装和配置。在中间由于工作的原因，我又插写了三篇关于zookeeper的原理使用的文章。今天这边文章我们回归主题，为各位读者讲解LVS + Keepalived + Nginx的安装及配置。

2、安装计划和准备工作

下图，我们表示了本篇文章要搭建的整个集成架构的抽象结构：

这里写图片描述

我们采用两个LVS节点（141和142），但是一个时间工作的只有一个LVS节点，另一个始终处于热备standby状态，由keepalived监控这两个节点的工作状态并完成切换。

在LVS节点下，我们采用LVS-DR工作模式挂载了两个Nginx节点（131、132）。并最终将外网请求交由这两个节点进行处理。注意：在实际工作中，Nginx下面一般就是访问静态资源、动态资源的配置了。

2-1、准备两个keepalived节点

首先我们在将要安装LVS的两个节点上，先安装keepalived，并保证这两个keepalived节点能够正常工作（监控批次的状态）。当然，您也可以先准备LVS，在准备keepalived。

我想准备keepalived节点，大家应该轻车熟路了吧，在《架构设计：负载均衡层设计方案（6）——Nginx + Keepalived构建高可用的负载层》这篇文章中详细介绍了keepalived的最简配置方式。为了大家阅读方便，我们在这里再进行依次简要说明。准备keepalived的整个过程包括：

安装必要的支撑组件，源码安装keepalived
将keepalived注册成节点的服务，以便保证keepalived在节点启动时就开始工作
更改keepalived的配置文件，让其可以正常工作
验证准备工作

=============安装keepalived

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># yum install -y zlib zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ openssl openssl-devel openssh</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.17.tar.gz</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># cd keepalived-1.2.17</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ./configure --perfix=/usr/keepalived-1.2.17</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># make & make install </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

=============将keepalived注册成服务（如果您使用的默认路径安装，就不需要cp命令了）

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># cp /usr/keepalived-1.2.17/etc/sysconfig/keepalived  /etc/sysconfig/keepalived </span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># cp /usr/keepalived-1.2.17/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/keepalived</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># cp /usr/keepalived-1.2.17/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived  /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># mkdir /etc/keepalived</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># cp /usr/keepalived-1.2.17/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 可以做成服务了（不要拷贝，没用的）</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># chkconfig keepalived on</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>

做成服务后，先不要急着启动，因为配置文件还没有改好。
========配置keepalived（配置文件在：/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf）

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">! <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Configuration</span> <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">File</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> keepalivedglobal_defs {   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#notification_email {</span>   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#  acassen<span class="hljs-yardoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">@firewall</span>.loc</span>   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#  failover<span class="hljs-yardoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">@firewall</span>.loc</span>   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#  sysadmin<span class="hljs-yardoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">@firewall</span>.loc</span>   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#}</span>   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen<span class="hljs-yardoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">@firewall</span>.loc</span>   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#smtp_server 192.168.200.1</span>   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#smtp_connect_timeout 30</span>   router_id <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">LVS_DEVEL</span>}vrrp_instance <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">VI_1</span> {    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#141节点设置为MASTER，142或者还有其他的节点设置为BACKUP</span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#还记得我们前面文章讲到的无抢占设置吗？这里也可以用哦。</span>    state <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MASTER</span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#网络适配器名称</span>    interface eth<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>    virtual_router_id <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">51</span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#所有的SLAVE节点的优先级都要比这个设置值低</span>    priority <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">120</span>    advert_int <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#真实ip，142要改成相应的lvs节点真实ip</span>    mcast_src_ip=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.141</span>    authentication {        auth_type <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">PASS</span>        auth_pass <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1111</span>    }    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#虚拟/浮动IP</span>    virtual_ipaddress {        <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.140</span>    }}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li></ul>

以上配置还是最简单的keepalived配置，因为我们还没有加上配合LVS使用的虚拟ip监测设置和下层真实ip监测的设置。最简配置主要是为了保证keepalived节点是工作正常的。

将以上的配置分别对应到LVS的两个节点（注意要改动的地方哦）

==========进行keepalived工作状态的检查：

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># /etc/init.d/keepalived start</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

现在设置为MASTER的keepalived节点（或者在非抢占模式下，优先级最高的那个节点），已经绑定了140这个虚拟ip了：

<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs2</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ip addr</span><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">16436</span> qdisc noqueue <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">state</span> UNKNOWN     <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">link</span>/loopback <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span> brd <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>    inet <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">127.0</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">8</span> scope host lo    inet6 ::<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">128</span> scope host        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>: eth<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1500</span> qdisc pfifo_fast <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">state</span> UP qlen <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1000</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">link</span>/ether <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00</span>:0c:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">29</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">39</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">75</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9</span>f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff    inet <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.141</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">24</span> brd <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.255</span> scope global eth<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>    inet <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.140</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">32</span> scope global eth<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>    inet6 fe8<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>::<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">20</span>c:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">29</span>ff:fe39:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">759</span>f/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">64</span> scope <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">link</span>        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul>

当然您也可以通过 /var/log/message的日志进行keepalived是否正常工作的验证。

2-2、继续两个keepalived节点上准备LVS

准备lvs的工作就太简单了，因为centos6.4、6.5、6.6都已经集成了LVS的核心，我们只需要安装LVS的管理工具就行了：

两个LVS节点都执行：

<code class="hljs cmake has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">yum -y <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">install</span> ipvsadm</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

还记得lvs管理工具怎么使用吗？请参见我介绍LVS单节点安装的博文：《架构设计：负载均衡层设计方案（5）——LVS单节点安装》。这里为了方便阅读，给出主要参数的含义列表：

<code class="hljs haml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">A</span> –add-service 在内核的虚拟服务器表中添加一条新的虚拟服务器记录。也就是增加一台新的虚拟服务器。</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">E</span> –edit-service 编辑内核虚拟服务器表中的一条虚拟服务器记录。</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">D</span> –delete-service 删除内核虚拟服务器表中的一条虚拟服务器记录。</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">C</span> –clear 清除内核虚拟服务器表中的所有记录。</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">R</span> –restore 恢复虚拟服务器规则</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">S</span> –save 保存虚拟服务器规则，输出为-<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">R</span> 选项可读的格式</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a –add-server 在内核虚拟服务器表的一条记录里添加一条新的真实服务器记录。也就是在一个虚拟服务器中增加一台新的真实服务器</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">e –edit-server 编辑一条虚拟服务器记录中的某条真实服务器记录</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">d –delete-server 删除一条虚拟服务器记录中的某条真实服务器记录</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">L</span> –list 显示内核虚拟服务器表</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Z</span> –zero 虚拟服务表计数器清零（清空当前的连接数量等）</span>–set tcp tcpfin udp 设置连接超时值–start-daemon 启动同步守护进程。他后面可以是master 或backup，用来说明LVS Router 是master 或是backup。在这个功能上也可以采用keepalived 的VRRP 功能。–stop-daemon 停止同步守护进程-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">t –tcp-service service-address 说明虚拟服务器提供的是tcp 的服务[<span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">vip:</span>port] <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">or</span> [real-server-<span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">ip:</span>port]</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">u –udp-service service-address 说明虚拟服务器提供的是udp 的服务[<span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">vip:</span>port] <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">or</span> [real-server-<span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">ip:</span>port]</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">f –fwmark-service fwmark 说明是经过iptables 标记过的服务类型。</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">s –scheduler scheduler 使用的调度算法，选项：rr|wrr|lc|wlc|lblc|lblcr|dh|sh|sed|nq, 默认的调度算法是： wlc.</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">p –persistent [timeout] 持久稳固的服务。这个选项的意思是来自同一个客户的多次请求，将被同一台真实的服务器处理。timeout 的默认值为<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">300</span> 秒。</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">M</span> –netmask netmask persistent granularity mask</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">r –real-server server-address 真实的服务器[<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Real</span>-<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Server</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">:port</span>]</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">g –gatewaying 指定<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">LVS</span> 的工作模式为直接路由模式<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">DR</span>模式（也是<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">LVS</span>默认的模式）</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">i –ipip 指定<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">LVS</span> 的工作模式为隧道模式</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">m –masquerading 指定<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">LVS</span> 的工作模式为<span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">NAT</span> 模式</span>-<span class="ruby" style="box-sizing: border-box;">w –weight weight 真实服务器的权值</span>–mcast-interface interface 指定组播的同步接口–connection 显示LVS 目前的连接 如：ipvsadm -L -c–timeout 显示tcp tcpfin udp 的timeout 值 如：ipvsadm -L –timeout–daemon 显示同步守护进程状态–stats 显示统计信息–rate 显示速率信息–sort 对虚拟服务器和真实服务器排序输出–numeric -n 输出IP 地址和端口的数字形式</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li></ul>

到后面正式启动LVS的时候，就不要问我参数含义咯。^_^

2-3、准备两个Nginx节点并保证可用

在《架构设计：负载均衡层设计方案（5）——LVS单节点安装》(http://blog.csdn.net/yinwenjie/article/details/47010569) 这篇文章中，我们详细讲解了Nginx节点的准备工作，但是为了方便各位读者阅读，这里我们大致再讲一下。

Nginx节点的准备工作主要由以下步骤构成（这个不是本文的重点，点到即可）：

安装Nginx（当然，正式系统中，还涉及到Nginx的参数调优，可以参见《架构设计：负载均衡层设计方案（2）——Nginx安装》这篇文章）
打开Nginx所在服务器的“路由”功能、关闭“ARP查询”功能
将VIP：192.168.220.140 设置成Nginx所在节点的回环IP

=============安装Nginx

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ ssh libtool</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 下载nginx（别拷贝，不能执行的）</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 解压nginx（别拷贝，不能执行的）</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ./configure –prefix=/usr/nginx-1.8.0 </span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># make && make install </span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 设置环境变量（别拷贝，不能执行的）</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 启动nginx</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>

=============打开Nginx所在服务器的“路由”功能、关闭“ARP查询”功能

<code class="hljs mel has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]# echo <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"1"</span> >/<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">proc</span>/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]# echo <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2"</span> >/<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">proc</span>/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]# echo <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"1"</span> >/<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">proc</span>/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]# echo <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2"</span> >/<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">proc</span>/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

=============设置回环IP

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ifconfig lo:0 192.168.220.140 broadcast 192.168.220.140 netmask 255.255.255.255 up</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@vm1</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># route add -host 192.168.220.140 dev lo:0</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>

两台Nginx的节点都按照这样的方法去设置。然后使用浏览器，看看这两个节点的Nginx是否工作正常：

vm1：131上的nginx工作正常

=====

vm2：132上的nginx工作正常

2-4、其他说明

keepalived和LVS是天生配合完美的一对，LVS负责进行请求转发不负责任何节点的健康监测；keepalived负责监控整个环境中，包括虚拟ip，真实ip对应的下层节点的健康状态监测。

3、开始配置：LVS-DR工作模式

3-1、keepalived的更改——健康监测

首先我们要更改之前配置的“最简keepalived”配置，让keepalived能够对结构中所有节点和虚拟ip的健康状态进行监测。更改配置和含义如下：

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">! <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Configuration</span> <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">File</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> keepalivedglobal_defs {   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#notification_email {</span>   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#  acassen<span class="hljs-yardoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">@firewall</span>.loc</span>   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#  failover<span class="hljs-yardoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">@firewall</span>.loc</span>   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#  sysadmin<span class="hljs-yardoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">@firewall</span>.loc</span>   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#}</span>   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen<span class="hljs-yardoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">@firewall</span>.loc</span>   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#smtp_server 192.168.200.1</span>   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#smtp_connect_timeout 30</span>   router_id <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">LVS_DEVEL</span>}vrrp_instance <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">VI_1</span> {    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#141节点设置为MASTER，142或者还有其他的节点设置为BACKUP</span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#还记得我们前面文章讲到的无抢占设置吗？这里也可以用哦。</span>    state <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">MASTER</span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#网络适配器名称</span>    interface eth<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>    virtual_router_id <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">51</span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#所有的SLAVE节点的优先级都要比这个设置值低</span>    priority <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">120</span>    advert_int <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#真实ip，142要改成相应的lvs节点真实ip</span>    mcast_src_ip=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.141</span>    authentication {        auth_type <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">PASS</span>        auth_pass <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1111</span>    }    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#虚拟/浮动IP</span>    virtual_ipaddress {        <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.140</span>    }}virtual_server <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.140</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">80</span> {    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#健康时间检查，单位秒</span>    delay_loop <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#负载均衡调度算法wlc|rr，和您将使用的LVS的调度算法保持原则一致</span>    lb_algo rr    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#负载均衡转发规则 DR NAT TUN。和您将启动的LVS的工作模式设置一致</span>    lb_kind <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">DR</span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#虚拟地址的子网掩码</span>    nat_mask <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">255.255</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">255.0</span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#会话保持时间，因为我们经常使用的是无状态的集群架构，所以这个设置可有可无</span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#persistence_timeout 50</span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#转发协议，当然是TCP</span>    protocol <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">TCP</span>    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#真实的下层Nginx节点的健康监测</span>    real_server <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.131</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">80</span> {        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#节点权重，</span>        weight <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#设置检查方式，可以设置HTTP_GET | SSL_GET</span>        <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">HTTP_GET</span> {            url {              path /              digest ff20ad2481f97b1754ef3e12ecd3a9cc            }            <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#超时时间，秒。如果在这个时间内没有返回，则说明一次监测失败</span>            connect_timeout <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>            <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#设置多少次监测失败，就认为这个真实节点死掉了</span>            nb_get_retry <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>            <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">#重试间隔</span>            delay_before_retry <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>        }    }    real_server <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">220.132</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">80</span> {        weight <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>        <span class="hljs-constant" style="box-sizing: border-box;">HTTP_GET</span> {            url {              path /              digest <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">640205</span>b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d            }            connect_timeout <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>            nb_get_retry <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>            delay_before_retry <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>        }    }}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">69</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">70</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">71</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">72</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">73</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">74</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">75</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">76</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">77</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">78</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">79</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">80</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">81</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">82</li></ul>

这样一来，keepalived就可以检查整个架构中的所有节点状态了。另外要说明的是，这个检查过程并不是必须的，您使用keepalived的最简配置也是可以的，不过您就需要自己写监测脚本了（道理是一样的）。

3-2、启动两个LVS节点

启动LVS的过程就太简单了（两个节点都是一样的启动方式）：

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs2</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ipvsadm -C</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs2</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ipvsadm -At 192.168.220.140:80 -s rr </span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs2</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ipvsadm -at 192.168.220.140:80 -r 192.168.220.131 -g</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs2</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ipvsadm -at 192.168.220.140:80 -r 192.168.220.132 -g</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs2</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># 然后我们可以使用ipvsadm 监控目前LVS的状态</span>[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs2</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># ipvsadm</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

注意：处于standby的lvs1节点也要这样进行设置。
还有，以上的LVS的设置，和real server上的设置，在重启后都会消失，所以一定要做成脚本哦。

4、验证工作

这样LVS + Keepalived + Nginx方式的配置就做完了。现在我们进行搭建效果的监测：

4-1、验证Master-LVS节点的工作

我们使用两个不同的浏览器，验证Master-LVS节点的工作：

=========浏览器1：
这里写图片描述

=========浏览器2：
这里写图片描述

看来140这个VIP下的LVS工作是正常的。

4-2、验证Master-LVS节点停止后的效果

下面我们停止Master-LVS1：

<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[root<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@lvs2</span> ~]<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># service keepalived stop</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

在经历了一些访问停顿后，浏览器1显示的效果如下（这就是为什么keepalived最好设置为非抢占模式）：

这里写图片描述

5、后文介绍

好了，到这里负载均衡层所使用的几个标准工具就介绍完了。下一篇文章我们将进行总结，然后进入架构设计：业务层设计方案的系列文章。在下一个系列文章中，我们将介绍至少两套SOA的实现、至少两套系统间通信使用的消息队列。哦，应我朋友的要求，我会专门写几篇文章，介绍java中线程的基础知识和进阶知识。

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