数学公式是如何实现的？
来源：互联网 发布：阿里云主机大学生 编辑：程序博客网 时间：2024/05/23 00:08
数学公式实现大方向
青优网
有个软件可以做到转换公式：word2tex和tex2word
后台上传文件–>系统识别出公式，将其转换为Latex代码–>前台用Mathjax进行渲染。
梯子网
Aspose，它是美国开发商的商业包，具体详情登录外网才能知道。google搜到了官网，看了下产品信息，发现它近乎完美支持Java/.net生成word文档，涵括了字体大小、主标题副标题、表格、颜色等等等等。
分析了一下局势，原来是和微软的word不开源有关系的。虽然我们在word里写了一段话、传了一张图片、编辑了一个公式，但是它底层到底经过了哪些步骤，是以什么形式存储的，这些大家都不知道。所以虽然有工具可以将word公式转成tex以及转回去，但是有时候还是会生成乱码，说明稳定性还是不容乐观。具体问题我就不深入研究了。
猿题库：
猿题库主打学生端的在线刷题app，虽然它也有题库系统，但是仅从手机app端来说很难看出来它是怎么设计和维护的。不过我们可以从手机app端能了解到他们的题的构成。
将题目分享到微信朋友之后，再用微信电脑端打开，我们就可以在pc端拿到手机app上猿题库的试题链接了！
这样一看就明显了：猿题库的公式都是用图片进行存储的。
解析word并切图并不复杂，是可以实现的，具体就不赘述了。
最理想的题库管理方案是：支持在线上传以及word上传，支持在线编辑，支持下载，并且下载的word公式是可以进行编辑的。
然而现实却不能完全实现，所以只能在设计自己的题库时有所取舍。
Mathjax可以解析Latex、mathml等代码。
word2tex可以将word里的公式转换为tex代码。
Latex是基于tex的，理论上是相通的。
Aspose是商业包，近乎完美地支持Java/.NET在线编辑生成word文档。
题库是在线K12教育的基础，而题的实现则是题库的基础。在设计自家题库之初要想到所有的可能性以及解决方案，有了方向做起来就不难了。
好吧，其实后面的打赏显示是手敲上去的，简书目前并没有支持打赏显示隐藏信息。
既然大家都对如何实现比较好奇，那么我简单地说一下吧。
首先要看你的公司支不支持一个专门录题团队。有钱，有精力，这样生成的题质量是最好的。
其次是不是有必要下载成word。目前网上有很多卖题的，题里面带有html标签，很不规范，下载下来的题也不能看。
再次下载成word的公式有没有必要可以编辑。也有卖word版的，他们的题的公式都是图片。
还有网上买的题有一小部分的题需要人工审核修改，后期有一定的工作量，不能保证买完全部能用。而且买的代码标签格式的题，不能下载成word。
我家题库大概就是通过上面几点然后做的决策。具体细节涉及商业机密不便透露了。
三种方式：1.输出公式图片、2.输出公式html、3.输出Latex让前端渲染
我们曾经敲出一块服务器资源专门做公式的后台渲染，然后把渲染出来的公式html保存到数据库，客户端请求时直接推送过去，连渲染都省了，比图片要轻便。 唯一的坏处是公式太多时，文本因为包含了太多公式标签导致体积过大。
数学公式实现之——解析world
android 解析docx文件
总结
使用poi解析docx文件
流程:
调用接口将docx转化为html，然后app中通过webview加载该html即可显示
在自己的应用中实现word文档查阅功能，集成app阅读word功能也可以通过几种方式实现
例如：购买专门的sdk包，像Aspose等（money啊）或者服务器端处理成图片或者html，然后android端去请求访问等方式。对于大部分个人开发者而言，这两种方式就显得比较重量级了。
下面介绍两种专门解析docx文件的方式：docx4j 以及poi
Docx4j
Docx4j
github地址：https://github.com/plutext/AndroidDocxToHtml
这个是官网demo，基本可以直接使用，解析出来的格式比较全，样式也比较接近原文档，就是解析速度令人不敢恭维，手机上测试的话，一般一份儿docx文档都需要30s以上甚至更多，有时候测试文档明明就只有几十k大小而已，对于比较大，比较复杂的文档，时间就更是让人崩溃。解析速度不是令人满意。解析测试中遇到的bug
1.表格丢失，内容丢失：内嵌表格（表格中还有表格的这种）的内容和样式会有部分丢失现象
2.表格（又是我？）样式：假如文档中的表格在word文档中排版时超出了该文档的边界线，你会发现超出边界的内容又不见了
3.目录乱码：如果文档中有目录，目录会被加上一些超链接，需要手工处理去掉
4.图片无法解析：有一些格式的图片无法解析，比如EMF，WMF这种类型的
5.批注无法显示：目前没有找到批注显示的地方，暂且算丢失吧，后面在试试
6.。。。其它暂时还没被发现的问题
POI
POI
poi是apache的一个开源项目，不多说，直接上官网去下载就可以
官网地址：http://poi.apache.org/
如果你是android studio用户：那就很简单了
只需要引入依赖（版本号不一定哦，gradle会自己把相关依赖包下载到位）：
compile 'fr.opensagres.xdocreport:org.apache.poi.xwpf.converter.xhtml:1.0.5'那如果你是eclipse用户（伙计，赶紧用studio吧）
需要手工引入以下jar包，包括：poi , poi-ooxml , ooxml-schema,org.apache.poi.xwpf.converter.xhtml,org.apache.poi.xwpf.converter.core
实现代码如下
{ InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file); XWPFDocument docx = new XWPFDocument(is); OutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); String imgDesPath = "/sdcard/img"; File imgFile = new File("/sdcard/img"); this.baseUrl = this.getDir("image", Context.MODE_PRIVATE).toURL().toString(); if (!imgFile.exists()) { file.mkdirs(); }poi解析的问题
速度比docx4j要稍快一点，会有文档内容解析不全样式丢失的情况
流程:
调用接口将docx转化为html，然后app中通过webview加载该html即可显示
转化代码如下（我就想问下，这代码格式到底该怎么调啊～好烦躁）：
try { InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file); XWPFDocument docx = new XWPFDocument(is); OutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); String imgDesPath = "/sdcard/img"; File imgFile = new File("/sdcard/img"); this.baseUrl = this.getDir("image", Context.MODE_PRIVATE).toURL().toString(); if (!imgFile.exists()) { file.mkdirs(); } XHTMLOptions options = XHTMLOptions.create().URIResolver(new BasicURIResolver(imgDesPath)); options.setExtractor(new FileImageExtractor(imgFile)); options.setIgnoreStylesIfUnused(false); options.setFragment(true); XHTMLConverter.getInstance().convert(docx, os, options); **os.write("/sdcard/xxx/html文件")** } catch (Exception e) { Log.d(TAG, "catch " + e.getMessage()); }webview 里面直接load 上面生成的html文件就可以了
poi将word2007转化成html
1：导入jar包依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi-scratchpad</artifactId> <version>3.10.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.xmlbeans</groupId> <artifactId>xmlbeans</artifactId> <version>2.6.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>fr.opensagres.xdocreport</groupId> <artifactId>org.apache.poi.xwpf.converter.core</artifactId> <version>1.0.6</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>fr.opensagres.xdocreport</groupId> <artifactId>org.apache.poi.xwpf.converter.xhtml</artifactId> <version>1.0.6</version> </dependency>2：创建工具类，便于后面直接调用即可
import java.io.File;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.OutputStream;import org.apache.poi.xwpf.converter.core.FileImageExtractor;import org.apache.poi.xwpf.converter.core.FileURIResolver;import org.apache.poi.xwpf.converter.xhtml.XHTMLConverter;import org.apache.poi.xwpf.converter.xhtml.XHTMLOptions;import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument;public class WordtoHtml07 { public static void word07ToHtml(String fileName ,String imageFile , String htmFile) throws IOException{ File f = new File(fileName); if (!f.exists()) { System.out.println("sorry file does not exists"); }else{ if (f.getName().endsWith(".docx")|| f.getName().endsWith(".DOCX") || f.getName().endsWith(".doc")) { //1:加载文档到XWPFDocument InputStream in = new FileInputStream(f); XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument(in); //2：加载图片到指定文件夹 File imgFile = new File(imageFile); XHTMLOptions options = XHTMLOptions.create().URIResolver(new FileURIResolver(imgFile)); options.setExtractor(new FileImageExtractor(imgFile)); //3：转换XWPFDocument to XHTML OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(new File(htmFile)); XHTMLConverter.getInstance().convert(document, out, options); }else{ System.out.println("Enter only MS Office 2007+ files"); } } } public static void main(String args[]) { try { word07ToHtml("F:/51/1.doc","F:/51/media","F:/51/1.htm"); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }解析doc并显示
package com.lattice.sodocument.attachment;import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.InputStream;import java.util.List;import org.apache.poi.hwpf.HWPFDocument;import org.apache.poi.hwpf.usermodel.CharacterRun;import org.apache.poi.hwpf.usermodel.Paragraph;import org.apache.poi.hwpf.usermodel.Picture;import org.apache.poi.hwpf.usermodel.Range;import org.apache.poi.hwpf.usermodel.Table;import org.apache.poi.hwpf.usermodel.TableCell;import org.apache.poi.hwpf.usermodel.TableIterator;import org.apache.poi.hwpf.usermodel.TableRow;import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;import android.annotation.SuppressLint;import android.graphics.Bitmap;import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.Handler;import android.os.Message;import android.view.KeyEvent;import android.view.View;import android.webkit.SslErrorHandler;import android.webkit.WebChromeClient;import android.webkit.WebView;import android.webkit.WebViewClient;import android.widget.ImageView;import android.widget.ProgressBar;import android.widget.ScrollView;import android.widget.TextView;import com.lattice.sodocument.main.BaseActivity;import com.lattice.sodocument.main.R;import com.lattice.sodocument.util.CompressionOfImage;import com.lattice.sodocument.util.ConversionUtil;import com.lattice.sodocument.util.FileUtil;import com.lattice.sodocument.util.FunctionUtil;import com.lattice.sodocument.util.LogUtil;//doc和docx有问题@SuppressLint({ "SetJavaScriptEnabled", "HandlerLeak" })public class AttachmentView extends BaseActivity { ScrollView scrollView; TextView textView; ImageView imageView; Bitmap bitmap; Handler mHandler; ProgressBar mBar; Runnable runnable = new Runnable() { public void run() { // 最终版 bitmap = ConversionUtil.string2Bitmap(attachmentString); // 测试版 // bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource( // AttachmentView.this.getResources(), R.drawable.welcome); bitmap = CompressionOfImage.comp(bitmap); Message message = new Message(); mHandler.sendMessage(message); } }; StringBuffer text = new StringBuffer(); private Range range = null; private HWPFDocument hwpf = null; private String htmlPath; private String picturePath; @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") private List pictures; private TableIterator tableIterator; private int presentPicture = 0; private int screenWidth; private FileOutputStream output; private File myFile; String xml; protected WebView mWebView; public static final int ERROR = 0; public static final int DOC = 1; public static final int DOCX = 2; public static final int IMAGE = 3; public static final int TXT = 4; private int attachmentType = 0; private String attachmentString = 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protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_attachment); initViews(); initEvents(); // Intent intent = getIntent(); // attachmentType = intent.getIntExtra("attachmentType", 0); // attachmentString = intent.getStringExtra("attachmentString"); switch (attachmentType) { case ERROR:// toastShow("附件打开错误，请重试");// finish();// overridePendingTransition(R.anim.activity_in_from_left,// R.anim.activity_out_to_right); dialogChoose(new String[]{"1","2","3"}); break; case DOC: // 可以用一个handle统一处理所有消息，也可以分开 final Handler handler2 = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.what == 1) { mWebView.loadUrl(xml); dialogDismiss(); } } }; mWebView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); final byte[] buf = FunctionUtil.stringToByte(attachmentString); dialogShow("正在加载中"); new Thread() { public void run() { try { // 测试长的doc文档显示 test(); // getRange(buf); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); toastShow("附件打开错误，请重试"); finish(); overridePendingTransition(R.anim.activity_in_from_left, R.anim.activity_out_to_right); } makeFile(); readAndWrite(); xml = "file://" + htmlPath; Message msg = new Message(); msg.what = 1; handler2.sendMessage(msg); } }.start(); break; case DOCX: break; case IMAGE: imageView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); mHandler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap); } }; new Thread(runnable).start(); break; case TXT: scrollView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); textView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); String fileName = android.os.Environment .getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/DCIM/README.txt"; try { FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(fileName); String string = ConversionUtil.stream2String(fin); textView.setText(string); } catch (Exception e) { } break; } } public void onClick(View arg0) { } protected void initViews() { scrollView = (ScrollView) findViewById(R.id.scrollView1); textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView1); imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.testpic); mWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webView1); mWebView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true); // 将图片调整到适合webview的大小 mWebView.getSettings().setUseWideViewPort(false); // 支持缩放 mWebView.getSettings().setSupportZoom(true); // 设置支持各种不同的设备 mWebView.getSettings() .setUserAgentString( "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 3_2 like Mac OS X;en-us) AppleWebKit/531.21.10 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0.4 Mobile/7B334bSafari/531.21.10"); } protected void initEvents() { mWebView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient() { public void onProgressChanged(WebView view, int newProgress) { super.onProgressChanged(view, newProgress); } }); mWebView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() { public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url) { mWebView.loadUrl(url); return true; } public void onReceivedSslError(WebView view, SslErrorHandler handler, android.net.http.SslError error) { handler.proceed(); } }); } protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); FileUtil.deleteDir(android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/tempDoc"); } public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) { if ((keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK) && mWebView.canGoBack()) { mWebView.goBack(); return true; } else { FileUtil.deleteDir(android.os.Environment .getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/tempDoc"); finish(); overridePendingTransition(R.anim.activity_in_from_left, R.anim.activity_out_to_right); } return true; } // ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^// public void makeFile() { String sdStateString = android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageState(); if (sdStateString.equals(android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) { try { File sdFile = android.os.Environment .getExternalStorageDirectory(); String path = sdFile.getAbsolutePath() + File.separator + "tempDoc"; File dirFile = new File(path); if (!dirFile.exists()) { dirFile.mkdir(); } File myFile = new File(path + File.separator + "my.html"); if (!myFile.exists()) { myFile.createNewFile(); } htmlPath = myFile.getAbsolutePath(); } catch (Exception e) { } } } public void makePictureFile() { String sdString = android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageState(); if (sdString.equals(android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) { try { File picFile = android.os.Environment .getExternalStorageDirectory(); String picPath = picFile.getAbsolutePath() + File.separator + "tempDoc"; File picDirFile = new File(picPath); if (!picDirFile.exists()) { picDirFile.mkdir(); } File pictureFile = new File(picPath + File.separator + presentPicture + ".jpg"); if (!pictureFile.exists()) { pictureFile.createNewFile(); } picturePath = pictureFile.getAbsolutePath(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("PictureFile Catch Exception"); } } } // 读取word中的内容写到sdcard上的.html文件中 public void readAndWrite() { try { myFile = new File(htmlPath); output = new FileOutputStream(myFile); String head = "<html><meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" /> <body>"; String tagBegin = "<p>"; String tagEnd = "</p>"; output.write(head.getBytes()); int numParagraphs = range.numParagraphs(); for (int i = 0; i < numParagraphs; i++) { Paragraph p = range.getParagraph(i); if (p.isInTable()) { int temp = i; if (tableIterator.hasNext()) { String tableBegin = "<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse\" border=1 bordercolor=\"black\">"; String tableEnd = "</table>"; String rowBegin = "<tr>"; String rowEnd = "</tr>"; String colBegin = "<td>"; String colEnd = "</td>"; Table table = tableIterator.next(); output.write(tableBegin.getBytes()); int rows = table.numRows(); for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++) { output.write(rowBegin.getBytes()); TableRow row = table.getRow(r); int cols = row.numCells(); int rowNumParagraphs = row.numParagraphs(); int colsNumParagraphs = 0; for (int c = 0; c < cols; c++) { output.write(colBegin.getBytes()); TableCell cell = row.getCell(c); int max = temp + cell.numParagraphs(); colsNumParagraphs = colsNumParagraphs + cell.numParagraphs(); for (int cp = temp; cp < max; cp++) { Paragraph p1 = range.getParagraph(cp); output.write(tagBegin.getBytes()); writeParagraphContent(p1); output.write(tagEnd.getBytes()); temp++; } output.write(colEnd.getBytes()); } int max1 = temp + rowNumParagraphs; for (int m = temp + colsNumParagraphs; m < max1; m++) { range.getParagraph(m); temp++; } output.write(rowEnd.getBytes()); } output.write(tableEnd.getBytes()); } i = temp; } else { output.write(tagBegin.getBytes()); writeParagraphContent(p); output.write(tagEnd.getBytes()); } } String end = "</body></html>"; output.write(end.getBytes()); output.close(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("readAndWrite Exception"); } } // 以段落的形式来往html文件中写内容 public void writeParagraphContent(Paragraph paragraph) { Paragraph p = paragraph; int pnumCharacterRuns = p.numCharacterRuns(); for (int j = 0; j < pnumCharacterRuns; j++) { CharacterRun run = p.getCharacterRun(j); if (run.getPicOffset() == 0 || run.getPicOffset() >= 1000) { if (presentPicture < pictures.size()) { writePicture(); } } else { try { // StringBuffer text = new StringBuffer(); String text = run.text(); // boolean b = run.text().startsWith(" "); // if (b) { // text.append(" "); // } // text.append(run.text()); // // // output.write(text.toString().getBytes()); if (text.length() >= 2 && pnumCharacterRuns < 2) { output.write(text.getBytes()); } else { int size = run.getFontSize(); int color = run.getColor(); String fontSizeBegin = "<font size=\"" + decideSize(size) + "\">"; String fontColorBegin = "<font color=\"" + decideColor(color) + "\">"; String fontEnd = "</font>"; String boldBegin = "<b>"; String boldEnd = "</b>"; String islaBegin = "<i>"; String islaEnd = "</i>"; output.write(fontSizeBegin.getBytes()); output.write(fontColorBegin.getBytes()); if (run.isBold()) { output.write(boldBegin.getBytes()); } if (run.isItalic()) { output.write(islaBegin.getBytes()); } output.write(text.getBytes()); if (run.isBold()) { output.write(boldEnd.getBytes()); } if (run.isItalic()) { output.write(islaEnd.getBytes()); } output.write(fontEnd.getBytes()); output.write(fontEnd.getBytes()); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Write File Exception"); } } } } // 将word中的图片写入到.jpg文件中 public void writePicture() { Picture picture = (Picture) pictures.get(presentPicture); byte[] pictureBytes = picture.getContent(); Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(pictureBytes, 0, pictureBytes.length); makePictureFile(); presentPicture++; File myPicture = new File(picturePath); try { FileOutputStream outputPicture = new FileOutputStream(myPicture); outputPicture.write(pictureBytes); outputPicture.close(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("outputPicture Exception"); } String imageString = "<img src=\"" + picturePath + "\""; if (bitmap.getWidth() > screenWidth) { imageString = imageString + " " + "width=\"" + screenWidth + "\""; } imageString = imageString + ">"; try { output.write(imageString.getBytes()); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("output Exception"); } } // 处理word和html字体的转换 public int decideSize(int size) { if (size >= 1 && size <= 8) { return 1; } if (size >= 9 && size <= 11) { return 2; } if (size >= 12 && size <= 14) { return 3; } if (size >= 15 && size <= 19) { return 4; } if (size >= 20 && size <= 29) { return 5; } if (size >= 30 && size <= 39) { return 6; } if (size >= 40) { return 7; } return 3; } // 处理word和html颜色的转换 private String decideColor(int a) { int color = a; switch (color) { case 1: return "#000000"; case 2: return "#0000FF"; case 3: case 4: return "#00FF00"; case 5: case 6: return "#FF0000"; case 7: return "#FFFF00"; case 8: return "#FFFFFF"; case 9: return "#CCCCCC"; case 10: case 11: return "#00FF00"; case 12: return "#080808"; case 13: case 14: return "#FFFF00"; case 15: return "#CCCCCC"; case 16: return "#080808"; default: return "#000000"; } } private void getRange(byte[] buffer2) throws Exception { // byte[] buffer = null; // try { // // String xml = // "file://"+android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() // // + "/DCIM/yui.doc"; // String xml= "file://"+android.os.Environment // .getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()+ File.separator // + "DCIM/yui.doc"; // LogUtil.logMessage(xml); // File file2 = new File(xml); // FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file2); // ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1000); // byte[] b = new byte[1000]; // int n; // while ((n = fis.read(b)) != -1) { // bos.write(b, 0, n); // } // fis.close(); // bos.close(); // buffer = bos.toByteArray(); // } catch (Exception e) { // } // 将byte数组转为inputstream对象，直接读入内存，不写入硬盘 InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(buffer2); POIFSFileSystem pfs = null; try { pfs = new POIFSFileSystem(is); hwpf = new HWPFDocument(pfs); } catch (Exception e) { } range = hwpf.getRange(); pictures = hwpf.getPicturesTable().getAllPictures(); tableIterator = new TableIterator(range); } private void test() throws Exception { byte[] buffer = null; try { String xml = android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/DCIM/y.doc"; LogUtil.log(xml); File file2 = new File(xml); FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file2); ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1000); byte[] b = new byte[1000]; int n; while ((n = fis.read(b)) != -1) { bos.write(b, 0, n); } fis.close(); bos.close(); buffer = bos.toByteArray(); } catch (Exception e) { } // 将byte数组转为inputstream对象，直接读入内存，不写入硬盘 InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(buffer); POIFSFileSystem pfs = null; try { pfs = new POIFSFileSystem(is); hwpf = new HWPFDocument(pfs); } catch (Exception e) { } range = hwpf.getRange(); pictures = hwpf.getPicturesTable().getAllPictures(); tableIterator = new TableIterator(range); }}使用POI读写word doc文件
（注：本文是基于poi3.9所写）Java好像
Apache poi的hwpf模块是专门用来对word doc文件进行读写操作的。在hwpf里面我们使用HWPFDocument来表示一个word doc文档。在HWPFDocument里面有这么几个概念：
Range：它表示一个范围，这个范围可以是整个文档，也可以是里面的某一小节（Section），也可以是某一个段落（Paragraph），还可以是拥有共同属性的一段文本（CharacterRun）。
Section： word文档的一个小节，一个word文档可以由多个小节构成。
Paragraph： word文档的一个段落，一个小节可以由多个段落构成。
l CharacterRun： 具有相同属性的一段文本，一个段落可以由多个CharacterRun组成。
l Table：一个表格。
l TableRow：表格对应的行。
l TableCell：表格对应的单元格。
Section、Paragraph、CharacterRun和Table都继承自Range。
1 读word doc文件
在日常应用中，我们从word文件里面读取信息的情况非常少见，更多的还是把内容写入到word文件中。使用POI从word doc文件读取数据时主要有两种方式：通过WordExtractor读和通过HWPFDocument读。在WordExtractor内部进行信息读取时还是通过HWPFDocument来获取的。
1.1 通过WordExtractor读文件
在使用WordExtractor读文件时我们只能读到文件的文本内容和基于文档的一些属性，至于文档内容的属性等是无法读到的。如果要读到文档内容的属性则需要使用HWPFDocument来读取了。下面是使用WordExtractor读取文件的一个示例：
public class HwpfTest { @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") @Test public void testReadByExtractor() throws Exception { InputStream is = new FileInputStream("D:\\test.doc"); WordExtractor extractor = new WordExtractor(is); //输出word文档所有的文本 System.out.println(extractor.getText()); System.out.println(extractor.getTextFromPieces()); //输出页眉的内容 System.out.println("页眉：" + extractor.getHeaderText()); //输出页脚的内容 System.out.println("页脚：" + extractor.getFooterText()); //输出当前word文档的元数据信息，包括作者、文档的修改时间等。 System.out.println(extractor.getMetadataTextExtractor().getText()); //获取各个段落的文本 String paraTexts[] = extractor.getParagraphText(); for (int i=0; i<paraTexts.length; i++) { System.out.println("Paragraph " + (i+1) + " : " + paraTexts[i]); } //输出当前word的一些信息 printInfo(extractor.getSummaryInformation()); //输出当前word的一些信息 this.printInfo(extractor.getDocSummaryInformation()); this.closeStream(is); } /** * 输出SummaryInfomation * @param info */ private void printInfo(SummaryInformation info) { //作者 System.out.println(info.getAuthor()); //字符统计 System.out.println(info.getCharCount()); //页数 System.out.println(info.getPageCount()); //标题 System.out.println(info.getTitle()); //主题 System.out.println(info.getSubject()); } /** * 输出DocumentSummaryInfomation * @param info */ private void printInfo(DocumentSummaryInformation info) { //分类 System.out.println(info.getCategory()); //公司 System.out.println(info.getCompany()); } /** * 关闭输入流 * @param is */ private void closeStream(InputStream is) { if (is != null) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } 1.2 通过HWPFDocument读文件
HWPFDocument是当前Word文档的代表，它的功能比WordExtractor要强。通过它我们可以读取文档中的表格、列表等，还可以对文档的内容进行新增、修改和删除操作。只是在进行完这些新增、修改和删除后相关信息是保存在HWPFDocument中的，也就是说我们改变的是HWPFDocument，而不是磁盘上的文件。如果要使这些修改生效的话，我们可以调用HWPFDocument的write方法把修改后的HWPFDocument输出到指定的输出流中。这可以是原文件的输出流，也可以是新文件的输出流（相当于另存为）或其它输出流。下面是一个通过HWPFDocument读文件的示例：
public class HwpfTest { @Test public void testReadByDoc() throws Exception { InputStream is = new FileInputStream("D:\\test.doc"); HWPFDocument doc = new HWPFDocument(is); //输出书签信息 this.printInfo(doc.getBookmarks()); //输出文本 System.out.println(doc.getDocumentText()); Range range = doc.getRange(); // this.insertInfo(range); this.printInfo(range); //读表格 this.readTable(range); //读列表 this.readList(range); //删除range Range r = new Range(2, 5, doc); r.delete();//在内存中进行删除，如果需要保存到文件中需要再把它写回文件 //把当前HWPFDocument写到输出流中 doc.write(new FileOutputStream("D:\\test.doc")); this.closeStream(is); } /** * 关闭输入流 * @param is */ private void closeStream(InputStream is) { if (is != null) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * 输出书签信息 * @param bookmarks */ private void printInfo(Bookmarks bookmarks) { int count = bookmarks.getBookmarksCount(); System.out.println("书签数量：" + count); Bookmark bookmark; for (int i=0; i<count; i++) { bookmark = bookmarks.getBookmark(i); System.out.println("书签" + (i+1) + "的名称是：" + bookmark.getName()); System.out.println("开始位置：" + bookmark.getStart()); System.out.println("结束位置：" + bookmark.getEnd()); } } /** * 读表格 * 每一个回车符代表一个段落，所以对于表格而言，每一个单元格至少包含一个段落，每行结束都是一个段落。 * @param range */ private void readTable(Range range) { //遍历range范围内的table。 TableIterator tableIter = new TableIterator(range); Table table; TableRow row; TableCell cell; while (tableIter.hasNext()) { table = tableIter.next(); int rowNum = table.numRows(); for (int j=0; j<rowNum; j++) { row = table.getRow(j); int cellNum = row.numCells(); for (int k=0; k<cellNum; k++) { cell = row.getCell(k); //输出单元格的文本 System.out.println(cell.text().trim()); } } } } /** * 读列表 * @param range */ private void readList(Range range) { int num = range.numParagraphs(); Paragraph para; for (int i=0; i<num; i++) { para = range.getParagraph(i); if (para.isInList()) { System.out.println("list: " + para.text()); } } } /** * 输出Range * @param range */ private void printInfo(Range range) { //获取段落数 int paraNum = range.numParagraphs(); System.out.println(paraNum); for (int i=0; i<paraNum; i++) { // this.insertInfo(range.getParagraph(i)); System.out.println("段落" + (i+1) + "：" + range.getParagraph(i).text()); if (i == (paraNum-1)) { this.insertInfo(range.getParagraph(i)); } } int secNum = range.numSections(); System.out.println(secNum); Section section; for (int i=0; i<secNum; i++) { section = range.getSection(i); System.out.println(section.getMarginLeft()); System.out.println(section.getMarginRight()); System.out.println(section.getMarginTop()); System.out.println(section.getMarginBottom()); System.out.println(section.getPageHeight()); System.out.println(section.text()); } } /** * 插入内容到Range，这里只会写到内存中 * @param range */ private void insertInfo(Range range) { range.insertAfter("Hello"); } } 2 写word doc文件
在使用POI写word doc文件的时候我们必须要先有一个doc文件才行，因为我们在写doc文件的时候是通过HWPFDocument来写的，而HWPFDocument是要依附于一个doc文件的。所以通常的做法是我们先在硬盘上准备好一个内容空白的doc文件，然后建立一个基于该空白文件的HWPFDocument。之后我们就可以往HWPFDocument里面新增内容了，然后再把它写入到另外一个doc文件中，这样就相当于我们使用POI生成了word doc文件。 在实际应用中，我们在生成word文件的时候都是生成某一类文件，该类文件的格式是固定的，只是某些字段不一样罢了。所以在实际应用中，我们大可不必将整个word文件的内容都通过HWPFDocument生成。而是先在磁盘上新建一个word文档，其内容就是我们需要生成的word文件的内容，然后把里面一些属于变量的内容使用类似于“${paramName}”这样的方式代替。这样我们在基于某些信息生成word文件的时候，只需要获取基于该word文件的HWPFDocument，然后调用Range的replaceText()方法把对应的变量替换为对应的值即可，之后再把当前的HWPFDocument写入到新的输出流中。这种方式在实际应用中用的比较多，因为它不但可以减少我们的工作量，还可以让文本的格式更加的清晰。下面我们就来基于这种方式做一个示例。 假设我们现在拥有一些变动的信息，然后需要通过这些信息生成如下格式的word doc文件：
那么根据上面的描述，首先第一步，我们建立一个对应格式的doc文件作为模板，其内容是这样的 
有了这样一个模板之后，我们就可以建立对应的HWPFDocument，然后替换对应的变量为相应的值，再把HWPFDocument输出到对应的输出流即可。下面是对应的代码。
public class HwpfTest { @Test public void testWrite() throws Exception { String templatePath = "D:\\word\\template.doc"; InputStream is = new FileInputStream(templatePath); HWPFDocument doc = new HWPFDocument(is); Range range = doc.getRange(); //把range范围内的${reportDate}替换为当前的日期 range.replaceText("${reportDate}", new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(new Date())); range.replaceText("${appleAmt}", "100.00"); range.replaceText("${bananaAmt}", "200.00"); range.replaceText("${totalAmt}", "300.00"); OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("D:\\word\\write.doc"); //把doc输出到输出流中 doc.write(os); this.closeStream(os); this.closeStream(is); } /** * 关闭输入流 * @param is */ private void closeStream(InputStream is) { if (is != null) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * 关闭输出流 * @param os */ private void closeStream(OutputStream os) { if (os != null) { try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } POI 读取word (word 2003 和 word 2007)
最近在给客户做系统的时候，用户提出需求，要能够导入 word 文件，现在 microsoft word 有好几个版本 97、2003、2007的，这三个版本存储数据的格式上都有相当大的差别，而现在 97 基本上已经退出市场，几乎没有人用这个版本了， 所以在我们的系统中只考虑 2003 版本和 2007 版本的，因为我们只要求能够读取 word 中的文字内容即可，其中的文字样式、图片等信息可以忽略，也不用直接操作 word 文件， 所以我们选择 用 apache 的 POI 进行读取。
读取 2003 版本(.doc)的word文件相对来说比较简单，只需要 poi-3.5-beta6-20090622.jar 和 poi-scratchpad-3.5-beta6-20090622.jar 两个 jar 包即可， 而 2007 版本(.docx)就麻烦多，我说的这个麻烦不是我们写代码的时候麻烦，是要导入的 jar 包比较的多，有如下 7 个之多：1. openxml4j-bin-beta.jar
2. poi-3.5-beta6-20090622.jar
3. poi-ooxml-3.5-beta6-20090622.jar
4 .dom4j-1.6.1.jar
5. geronimo-stax-api_1.0_spec-1.0.jar
6. ooxml-schemas-1.0.jar
7. xmlbeans-2.3.0.jar
其中 4-7 是 poi-ooxml-3.5-beta6-20090622.jar 所依赖的 jar 包（在 poi-bin-3.5-beta6-20090622.tar.gz 中的 ooxml-lib 目录下可以找到）。
编写代码之前我们得先下载所需要的 jar 包， 我们只需下载 poi-bin-3.5-beta6-20090622.tar.gz 和 openxml4j-bin-beta.jar 即可，因为所需要的其他 jar 包都能在 poi-bin-3.5-beta6-20090622.tar.gz 中找到, 下面是下载地址：poi-bin-3.5-beta6-20090622.tar.gz：http://apache.etoak.com/poi/dev/bin/poi-bin-3.5-beta6-20090622.tar.gz
openxml4j-bin-beta.jar：http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/o/op/openxml4j/openxml4j-bin-beta.jar
下方是读取 word 文件的 Java 代码，值得注意的是： POI 在读取 word 文件的时候不会读取 word 文件中的图片信息， 还有就是对于 2007 版的 word(.docx), 如果 word 文件中有表格，所有表格中的数据都会在读取出来的字符串的最后。import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import org.apache.poi.POIXMLDocument; import org.apache.poi.POIXMLTextExtractor; import org.apache.poi.hwpf.extractor.WordExtractor; import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage; import org.apache.poi.xwpf.extractor.XWPFWordExtractor; /** * POI 读取 word 2003 和 word 2007 中文字内容的测试类<br /> * @createDate 2009-07-25 * @author Carl He */ public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { try { //word 2003： 图片不会被读取 InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("c://files//2003.doc")); WordExtractor ex = new WordExtractor(is); String text2003 = ex.getText(); System.out.println(text2003); //word 2007 图片不会被读取， 表格中的数据会被放在字符串的最后 OPCPackage opcPackage = POIXMLDocument.openPackage("c://files//2007.docx"); POIXMLTextExtractor extractor = new XWPFWordExtractor(opcPackage); String text2007 = extractor.getText(); System.out.println(text2007); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } 如果想下载完整的示例代码，可以到这里下载，这个 rar 包中有 POI 读取word 2003 和 word 2007 所需要的全部 jar 包 和 word 2003、word 2007 示例文件。
全面了解POI操作Microsoft Office(Word、Excel、PowerPoint)
- POI 简介
POI 是 Apache 下的 Jakata 项目的一个子项目，主要用于提供 java 操作 Microsoft
Office 办公套件如 Excel，Word，Powerpoint 等文件的 API.
微软的Office 办公软件在企业的日常办公中占据着重要的地位，人们已经非常熟悉Office 的使用。在我们开发的应用系统中，常常需要将数据导出到 Excel 文件中，或者
Word 文件中进行打印。比如移动的话费查询系统中就提供了将话费清单导入到 excel 表
格中的功能。这样在web 应用中，我们在浏览器中看到的数据可以被导出到 Excel 中了。
Excel 文件: xls 格式文件对应 POI API 为 HSSF 。 xlsx 格式为 office 2007 的文件格式，POI 中对应的API 为XSSF
Word 文件：doc 格式文件对应的 POI API 为 HWPF。 docx 格式为 XWPF
powerPoint 文件：ppt 格式对应的 POI API 为 HSLF。 pptx 格式为 XSLF
outlook ：对应的 API 为 HSMF
Visio: 对应的 API 为 HDGF
Publisher : 对应的 API 为 HPBF
下面主要介绍如何操作Excel。
…………………..
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POI处理Word、Excel、PowerPoint 简单例子
第一：下载POI，在http://jakarta.apache.org/poi/中，下载poi-bin-3.5-beta4-20081128.zip，解压后把jar包引入项目工程。
第二：处理Word（Word.java）
import org.apache.poi.hwpf.extractor.WordExtractor;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
publicclass Word {
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args)throws Exception { System.out.println(getContent("c://11.doc"));}publicstatic String getContent(String s)throws Exception { returngetContent(new java.io.FileInputStream(s));}publicstatic String getContent(File f)throws Exception { returngetContent(new java.io.FileInputStream(f));}publicstatic String getContent(InputStream is)throws Exception { String bodyText = null; WordExtractor ex = new WordExtractor(is); bodyText = ex.getText(); return bodyText;}}
第三：处理Excel(Excel.java)
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDateUtil;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
publicclassExcel {
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args)throws Exception { System.out.println(getContent("c://22.xls"));}publicstatic String getContent(String s)throws Exception { returngetContent(new java.io.FileInputStream(s));}publicstatic String getContent(File f)throws Exception { returngetContent(new java.io.FileInputStream(f));}publicstatic String getContent(InputStream is)throws Exception { StringBuffer content = new StringBuffer(); HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(is); for (int numSheets = 0; numSheets < workbook.getNumberOfSheets(); numSheets++) { HSSFSheet aSheet = workbook.getSheetAt(numSheets);//获得一个sheet content.append("/n"); if (null == aSheet) { continue; } for (int rowNum = 0; rowNum <= aSheet.getLastRowNum(); rowNum++) { content.append("/n"); HSSFRow aRow = aSheet.getRow(rowNum); if (null == aRow) { continue; } for (short cellNum = 0; cellNum <= aRow.getLastCellNum(); cellNum++) { HSSFCell aCell = aRow.getCell(cellNum); if (null == aCell) { continue; } if (aCell.getCellType() == HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING) { content.append(aCell.getRichStringCellValue() .getString()); } elseif (aCell.getCellType() == HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC) { boolean b = HSSFDateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(aCell); if (b) { Date date = aCell.getDateCellValue(); SimpleDateFormat df =new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyy-MM-dd"); content.append(df.format(date)); } } } } } return content.toString();}}
第四：处理PowerPoint（PowerPoint.java）
import java.io.File;import java.io.InputStream;import org.apache.poi.hslf.HSLFSlideShow;import org.apache.poi.hslf.model.TextRun;import org.apache.poi.hslf.model.Slide;import org.apache.poi.hslf.usermodel.SlideShow;publicclassPowerPoint { publicstaticvoid main(String[] args)throws Exception { System.out.println(getContent("c://33.ppt")); } publicstatic String getContent(String s)throws Exception { returngetContent(new java.io.FileInputStream(s)); } publicstatic String getContent(File f)throws Exception { returngetContent(new java.io.FileInputStream(f)); } publicstatic String getContent(InputStream is)throws Exception { StringBuffer content = new StringBuffer(""); SlideShow ss = new SlideShow(new HSLFSlideShow(is)); Slide[] slides = ss.getSlides(); for (int i = 0; i < slides.length; i++) { TextRun[] t = slides[i].getTextRuns(); for (int j = 0; j < t.length; j++) { content.append(t[j].getText()); } content.append(slides[i].getTitle()); } return content.toString(); }}使用POI读写word docx文件
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