nginx学习笔记

nginx定义：http服务器，反向代理服务器，邮件服务器。
常用功能：http代理，反向代理；负载均衡；Web缓存。

编辑安装命令：

1. ./configure
2. make
3. sudo make install

查看进程：ps -ef | grep nginx
停止：./nginx -g TERM | INT | QUIT
重启：/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 或者sudo kill -HUP 6394
检查：sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

模块化结构：

• 核心模块

• 标准http模块

• 可选http模块

• 邮件服务模块

• 第三方模块

请求处理机制：异步非阻塞和多进程机制
事件驱动机制：select库，poll库，epoll库，rtsig模型等
nginx服务器进程：

• 主进程

• 工作进程

• 缓存索引重建及管理进程

nginx后端服务器组的配置指令

• upstream
• server
• ip_hash
• keepalive
• least_conn

负载均衡配置：
8081和8080对应两个不同端口号的tomcat

upstream demo_site {    server 127.0.0.1:8081 weight=1;    server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=1; }location /demo {        proxy_pass    http://demo_site;}

使用proxy_cache 进行静态资源的缓存。

经过测试，第一次请求静态资源会经过web应用，之后请求由nginx直接返回。

nginx.conf示例：

#user  nobody;worker_processes  1;error_log  logs/error.log;#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;#error_log  logs/error.log  info;pid  logs/nginx.pid;events {    worker_connections  1024;}http {    include       mime.types;    default_type  application/octet-stream;    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';    access_log  logs/access.log  main;    sendfile        on;    #tcp_nopush     on;    #keepalive_timeout  0;    keepalive_timeout  65;    #gzip  on;    proxy_connect_timeout 5;    proxy_read_timeout 60;    proxy_send_timeout 5;    proxy_buffer_size 16k;    proxy_buffers 4 64k;    proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;    proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;    proxy_temp_path /var/tmp/temp_nginx;    proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/ levels=1:2 keys_zone=nginx_cache:100m inactive=1d max_size=10g;    upstream demo_site {    server 127.0.0.1:8081 weight=1;    server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=1;    }    server {        listen       80;        server_name  localhost;        #charset koi8-r;        access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;        location / {            root   html;            index  index.html index.htm;        }    location ~* ^.+\.(js|ico|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|html|htm)$ {        access_log   logs/access.log;        proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;         proxy_set_header Host $host;         proxy_cache nginx_cache;         proxy_cache_valid 200 302 12h;         proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args%args;         proxy_set_header Host $host;        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;        proxy_pass    http://demo_site;         expires 1d;    }    location /demo {        proxy_pass    http://demo_site;        }        #error_page  404              /404.html;        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html        #        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;        location = /50x.html {            root   html;        }        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80        #        #location ~ \.php$ {        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;        #}        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000        #        #location ~ \.php$ {        #    root           html;        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;        #    include        fastcgi_params;        #}        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root        # concurs with nginx's one        #        #location ~ /\.ht {        #    deny  all;        #}    }    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration    #    #server {    #    listen       8000;    #    listen       somename:8080;    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;    #    location / {    #        root   html;    #        index  index.html index.htm;    #    }    #}    # HTTPS server    #    #server {    #    listen       443 ssl;    #    server_name  localhost;    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;    #    location / {    #        root   html;    #        index  index.html index.htm;    #    }    #}}