Spring 的使用与配置

理解 @Component, @Repository, @Controller, @Service

其实后三个本质上都是 @Component。

不过 @Repository 有一些多的功能，比如能把数据库的 Exception 转到更高层。
@Repository 可以通过 @Repository("name") 来标识一个 Bean, 十分好用。

装配到 Interface

Spring 在 @Autowired 时要装配 Interface 也不是具体的类。比如

    @Repository("ss")    public class StaffService implements DaoService<Staff>{    }

则装配时要装配到 Interface

    @Autowired    private DaoService<Staff> ss; // 不能用 private StaffService ss;

Spring XML 的配置

对于 Web 应用，要在 web.xml 中指定 spring.cfg.xml 的配置。
而对于普通应用，可通过 ClassPathXmlApplicationContext 来加载 IOC 容器的配置。

一个配置的例子

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans   xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"  xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd     http://www.springframework.org/schema/security    http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-4.0.xsd    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">    <!-- 指定装配时， 可能的 Bean 包的位置 -->    <context:component-scan base-package="com.jiayun.scp.controller" /><!-- ===========================Spring MVC config===========================-->    <mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService"/>     <mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/static/" />    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/" />        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />    </bean>    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.support.StandardServletMultipartResolver" /><!-- Spring MVC Formatter config -->        <bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean">        <property name="formatters">        <set>            <bean class="com.jiayun.scp.formatter.LongToDateString" />        </set>        </property>    </bean><!--=================================== Spring Transaction Manager config===================================--><!-- Actually, spring hibernate5.LocalSessionFactory doesn't need a data source!  It will use local hibernate configuration (hibernate.properties)<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">    <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />    <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/jiayun_scp?autoReconnect=true&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf-8" />     <property name="username" value="root" />    <property name="password" value="" /></bean>-->    <tx:annotation-driven />    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean">     <!-- 这些属性在 Hibernate.proerties 中指定就可以了，不用在这里指定        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>         <property name="hibernateProperties">            <props>                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect</prop>                <prop key="hibernate.connection.characterEncoding">UTF-8</prop>                <prop key="hibernate.connection.useUnicode">true</prop>            </props>        </property>        -->        <!-- 专门指定 hibernate model 的映射 -->        <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.jiayun.scp.model" />    </bean>    <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager"         p:sessionFactory-ref="sessionFactory">    </bean>    <!--=================================== spring security configuration===================================-->    <bean id="encoder" class="org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder">        <constructor-arg name="strength" value="11" />    </bean>    <security:http auto-config="true" use-expressions="true">        <security:intercept-url pattern="/sale/**" access="hasAnyRole('USER', 'ADMIN', 'SUPER')" />        <security:intercept-url pattern="/product/**" access="hasAnyRole('USER', 'ADMIN', 'SUPER')" />        <security:intercept-url pattern="/customer/**" access="hasAnyRole('USER', 'ADMIN', 'SUPER')" />        <security:intercept-url pattern="/staff/passwd/**" access="hasAnyRole('USER', 'ADMIN', 'SUPER')" />        <security:intercept-url pattern="/staff/**" access="hasAnyRole('ADMIN', 'SUPER')" />        <security:intercept-url pattern="/index**" access="hasAnyRole('USER', 'ADMIN', 'SUPER')"/>        <security:csrf disabled="true"/>        <security:form-login             login-page="/login"              default-target-url="/index" />    </security:http>    <security:authentication-manager>        <security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="jiayunUserDetailsService">            <!-- <security:password-encoder hash="plaintext"/> -->            <security:password-encoder ref="encoder"/>        </security:authentication-provider>    </security:authentication-manager></beans>