[leetcode] 回溯法 Combination Sum 系列问题
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leetcde中回溯法:具体的方法,我认为手把手教你 < leetcode > 中的回溯算法——多一点套路这篇博文讲的很清晰。
下面是leetcode中Combination Sum 系列问题使用回溯法的问题
39 . Combination Sum
题目:
Given a set of candidate numbers (C) and a target number (T), find all unique combinations in C where the candidate numbers sums to T.
The same repeated number may be chosen from C unlimited number of times.
Note:
All numbers (including target) will be positive integers.
The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.
For example, given candidate set [2, 3, 6, 7] and target 7,
A solution set is:
[
[7],
[2, 2, 3]
]
题意:这个题是找出数组中相加=target的所有组合。
思路:求解该问题应该使用回溯法。
具体代码:
public class Solution { List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<>();//保存最后结果 public List<List<Integer>> combinationSum(int[] candidates, int target) { Arrays.sort(candidates); if(target < candidates[0] || candidates.length == 0 || candidates == null){ return result; } List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(); backTracking(candidates, target, 0, list); return result; } public void backTracking(int[] candicates, int target, int start, List<Integer> list){ if(target < 0){ return; }else if(target == 0){ result.add(new ArrayList<>(list)); }else{ for(int i = start; i < candicates.length; i++){ list.add(candicates[i]); backTracking(candicates, target - candicates[i], i, list); list.remove(list.size() - 1); } } }}
40 . Combination Sum II
题目:
Given a collection of candidate numbers (C) and a target number (T), find all unique combinations in C where the candidate numbers sums to T.
Each number in C may only be used once in the combination.
Note:
All numbers (including target) will be positive integers.
The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.
For example, given candidate set [10, 1, 2, 7, 6, 1, 5] and target 8,
A solution set is:
[
[1, 7],
[1, 2, 5],
[2, 6],
[1, 1, 6]
]
题意:找出所有数相加等于n的所有组合,注意每个数字只能用一次。
思路:使用回溯法。
代码如下:
public class Solution { List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<>(); public List<List<Integer>> combinationSum2(int[] candidates, int target) { Arrays.sort(candidates); if(candidates[0] > target || candidates.length == 0 || candidates == null){ return result; } List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(); backTracking(candidates, target, 0, list); Set<List<Integer>> set = new HashSet<>(result); return new ArrayList<>(set); } public void backTracking(int[] candidates, int target, int start, List<Integer> list){ if(target < 0){ return; }else if(target == 0){ result.add(new ArrayList(list)); }else{ for(int i = start; i < candidates.length; i++){ list.add(candidates[i]); backTracking(candidates, target - candidates[i], i + 1, list); list.remove(list.size() - 1); } } }}
216 . Combination Sum III
问题:
Find all possible combinations of k numbers that add up to a number n, given that only numbers from 1 to 9 can be used and each combination should be a unique set of numbers.
Example 1:
Input: k = 3, n = 7
Output:
[[1,2,4]]
Example 2:
Input: k = 3, n = 9
Output:
[[1,2,6], [1,3,5], [2,3,4]]
题意:找出k个数相加等于n的所有组合。
思路:使用回溯法。
具体代码:
public class Solution { List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<>(); public List<List<Integer>> combinationSum3(int k, int n) { if(n < k ||n >= k * 9){ return result; } int[] candidates = new int[9]; for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++){ candidates[i] = i + 1; } List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(); backTracking(candidates,k, n, 0, list); return result; } public void backTracking(int[] candidates, int k,int n, int start, List<Integer> list){ if(n < 0){ return; }else if( n == 0){ if(list.size() == k) result.add(new ArrayList<>(list)); }else{ int len = candidates.length; for(int i = start; i < len; i++){ list.add(candidates[i]); backTracking(candidates, k, n - candidates[i], i + 1, list); list.remove(list.size() - 1); } } }}
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