使用Borland C++ Builder来编写DLLs

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撰稿人: [尹加俊(yinjiajun@gmail.com) 南京顺成科技] 2005-05-16 前言网络上流传的BCB编写和调用DLL的方法多来源于一篇《BCB 编写 DLL 终极手册》,多数网站在转载此文章时也并未注明出处和作者,甚为心寒,且在转载过程中难免有纰漏,致使一些例子无法正确运行,我根据网络资料,重新整理了一下,发布出来。如欲转载,请注明出处和作者,并向作者发一封邮件,谢谢。 一.注意:创建动态链接库时,如果想你创建的动态链接库并非只用于Borland开发工具,那么就需要遵循发下规则:(1).在导出函数的返回值和参数中不要使用Borland特有的数据类型和结构体,如AnsiString之类,请使用C/C++标准的数据类型或使用C/C++标准数据类型定义的结构体(特别不要使用String数据类型,BCB DLL向导生成的DLL工程文件中大篇幅的说明就是对此的说明,请自己查阅);(2).请使用extern "C"命名约定,这样,生成的DLL中的导出函数,就不会使用C++的命名约定,而是使用的C命名约定,即导出函数不会名字分解,而是和你定义的函数相同;(3).导出函数请使用WIN32 API的调用方式__stdcall(即WINAPI)或VC与BorlandC++的调用约定__cdecl,不要使用Borland特有的__fastcall调用约定,否则只有Borland开发工具才可以使用这些动态链接库;二.实例:(1).导出函数(不使用VCL)使用BCB建立DLL向导来建立一个工程,选择不使用VCL,代码如下://---------------------------------------------------------------------------#include //---------------------------------------------------------------------------// Important note about DLL memory management when your DLL uses the// static version of the RunTime Library://// If your DLL exports any functions that pass String objects (or structs/// classes containing nested Strings) as parameter or function results,// you will need to add the library MEMMGR.LIB to both the DLL project and// any other projects that use the DLL. You will also need to use MEMMGR.LIB// if any other projects which use the DLL will be performing new or delete// operations on any non-TObject-derived classes which are exported from the// DLL. Adding MEMMGR.LIB to your project will change the DLL and its calling// EXE's to use the BORLNDMM.DLL as their memory manager. In these cases,// the file BORLNDMM.DLL should be deployed along with your DLL.//// To avoid using BORLNDMM.DLL, pass string information using "char *" or// ShortString parameters.//// If your DLL uses the dynamic version of the RTL, you do not need to// explicitly add MEMMGR.LIB as this will be done implicitly for you//---------------------------------------------------------------------------#pragma argsusedint WINAPI DllEntryPoint(HINSTANCE hinst, unsigned long reason, void* lpReserved){ return 1;}//---------------------------------------------------------------------------extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int __stdcall Calc(int a, int b) //导出函数{ return a+b;}//---------------------------------------------------------------------------保存工程为DLLs,编译,就会在工程目录下生成DLLs.dll(大小应该是8K),同时还会自动在同一目录下生成DLLs.lib静态库,如果没有生成,请自己手动使用implib.exe工具生成(使用方法见本文说明)。(2).导出函数(使用VCL)使用BCB DLL向导建立一个工程,选择使用VCL支持,新建立一个窗体(采用默认名称TForm1)存为Unit1.cpp,设置窗体大小为一般OKCANCEL对框的大小(这里设为277*119),在窗体上添加两个按钮:Button1标签为"确定",ModalResult为mrOk,Button2标签为"取消",ModalResult为mrCancel;然后在DLL主程序中引用刚才建立的窗体,并添加导出函数,代码如下://---------------------------------------------------------------------------#include #include #pragma hdrstop//---------------------------------------------------------------------------// Important note about DLL memory management when your DLL uses the// static version of the RunTime Library://// If your DLL exports any functions that pass String objects (or structs/// classes containing nested Strings) as parameter or function results,// you will need to add the library MEMMGR.LIB to both the DLL project and// any other projects that use the DLL. You will also need to use MEMMGR.LIB// if any other projects which use the DLL will be performing new or delete// operations on any non-TObject-derived classes which are exported from the// DLL. Adding MEMMGR.LIB to your project will change the DLL and its calling// EXE's to use the BORLNDMM.DLL as their memory manager. In these cases,// the file BORLNDMM.DLL should be deployed along with your DLL.//// To avoid using BORLNDMM.DLL, pass string information using "char *" or// ShortString parameters.//// If your DLL uses the dynamic version of the RTL, you do not need to// explicitly add MEMMGR.LIB as this will be done implicitly for you//---------------------------------------------------------------------------#include "Unit.h" //引用设计的窗体#pragma argsusedint WINAPI DllEntryPoint(HINSTANCE hinst, unsigned long reason, void* lpReserved){ return 1;}//---------------------------------------------------------------------------extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int __stdcall UserClick(void) //导出函数{ TForm1 *Form1 = new TForm1(NULL); if(Form1->ShowModal() == mrOk) { delete Form1; return 1; } else { delete Form1; return 0; }}//---------------------------------------------------------------------------保存工程为DLLs,编译,就会在工程目录下生成DLLs.dll,同时还会自动在同一目录下生成DLLs.lib静态库,如果没有生成,请自己手动使用implib.exe工具生成。(3).导出类使用BCB建立DLL向导来建立一个工程,选择不使用VCL(本例不使用VCL,是否支持VCL是视你自己的应用而定),代码如下://---------------------------------------------------------------------------#include //---------------------------------------------------------------------------// Important note about DLL memory management when your DLL uses the// static version of the RunTime Library://// If your DLL exports any functions that pass String objects (or structs/// classes containing nested Strings) as parameter or function results,// you will need to add the library MEMMGR.LIB to both the DLL project and// any other projects that use the DLL. You will also need to use MEMMGR.LIB// if any other projects which use the DLL will be performing new or delete// operations on any non-TObject-derived classes which are exported from the// DLL. Adding MEMMGR.LIB to your project will change the DLL and its calling// EXE's to use the BORLNDMM.DLL as their memory manager. In these cases,// the file BORLNDMM.DLL should be deployed along with your DLL.//// To avoid using BORLNDMM.DLL, pass string information using "char *" or// ShortString parameters.//// If your DLL uses the dynamic version of the RTL, you do not need to// explicitly add MEMMGR.LIB as this will be done implicitly for you//---------------------------------------------------------------------------#pragma argsusedint WINAPI DllEntryPoint(HINSTANCE hinst, unsigned long reason, void* lpReserved){ return 1;}//---------------------------------------------------------------------------__declspec(dllexport) __stdcall class TTest{ //声明导出类 int a,b;public: void __stdcall SetValue(int x, int y); int __stdcall Calc(void);};//---------------------------------------------------------------------------void __stdcall TTest::SetValue(int x, int y) //类的实现{ this->a = x; this->b = y;}//---------------------------------------------------------------------------int __stdcall TTest::Calc(void) //类的实现{ return this->a + this->b;}//---------------------------------------------------------------------------保存工程为DLLs,编译,就会在工程目录下生成DLLs.dll,同时还会自动在同一目录下生成DLLs.lib静态库,如果没有生成,请自己手动使用implib.exe工具生成。注意,并非所有的代码都需要在工程DLL主文件中写,导出函数和类等都可以在其它单元中设计,然后在主文件中#include即可,看自己的习惯,当然了,一个巨大的DLL工程,不可能写在一个文件中的。(4).使用(1)创建的DLL新建一个工程。[1].静态调用:向工程中添加(1)中生成的静态库DLLs.lib,然后在.h中添加导出函数的定义,如下:extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) int __stdcall Calc(int,int); //导出DLL中函数然后就可以在这个单元中使用int __stdcall Calc(int,int)这个函数了,如:ShowMessage(IntToStr(Calc(5,10));[2].动态调用不需要添加静态库.lib文件,只要在需要调用时才载入DLL,如下: HINSTANCE Hdl; int __stdcall (*Calc)(int,int); //定义函数原型 Hdl = ::LoadLibrary("DLLs.dll"); //载入DLL if(Hdl != NULL) { Calc = (int __stdcall (*)(int,int))::GetProcAddress(Hdl,"Calc"); //获取函数入口地址 if(Calc != NULL) { ShowMessage(IntToStr(Calc(5,10))); //调用DLL中函数 } else { ShowMessage("不能找到函数入口!"); } ::FreeLibrary(Hdl); //一定不要忘记调用完毕后释放DLL } else { ShowMessage("不能载入DLL!"); }(5).使用(2)创建的DLL[1].静态调用:向工程中添加(2)中生成的静态库DLLs.lib,然后在.h中添加导出函数的定义,如下:extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) int __stdcall UserClick(void); //导出DLL中函数然后就可以在这个单元中使用int __stdcall UserClick(void)这个函数了,如: if(UserClick()) { ShowMessage("用户点击“确定”"); } else { ShowMessage("用户点击“取消”或直接关闭"); }[2].动态调用不需要添加静态库.lib文件,只要在需要调用时才载入DLL,如下: HINSTANCE Hdl; int __stdcall (*UserClick)(void); Hdl = ::LoadLibrary("DLLs.dll"); if(Hdl != NULL) { UserClick = (int __stdcall (*)(void))::GetProcAddress(Hdl,"UserClick"); if(UserClick != NULL) { if(UserClick()) { ShowMessage("用户点击“确定”"); } else { ShowMessage("用户点击“取消”或直接关闭"); } } else { ShowMessage("不能找到函数入口!"); } ::FreeLibrary(Hdl); } else { ShowMessage("不能载入DLL!"); }(6).使用(3)创建的DLLDLL中导出的类,只能使用表态的方式来调用。本例中的DLL调用方法如下:向工程中添加(3)中生成的静态库DLLs.lib,然后在.h中添加导出类的声明,如下:__declspec(dllimport) __stdcall class TTest{ int a,b;public: void __stdcall SetValue(int x, int y); int __stdcall Calc(void);};然后就可以在这个单元中使用TTest这个类了,如: TTest *Inst = new TTest; Inst->SetValue(5,10); ShowMessage(IntToStr(Inst->Calc())); delete Inst;三.一些工具:(1).impdef.exe用法:impdef.exe deffile.def yourdll.dll生成指定DLL文件的def文件,可以用它来查看DLL中的函数声明。例如,BCB使用VC的DLL时,可能需要查看一下VC中导出函数的函数名;或者未使用extern "C"调用约定时,可以用它来查看DLL中导出函数的C++命名方式,从而可以正确调用。(2).implib.exe用法:implib.exe libfile.lib yourdll.dll用此工具来生成DLL调用的静态库,用于DLL的静态调用方式。(3).vctobpru.exe用此工具可以把VC的工程导入到BCB工程中,它自动转换VC的工程文件为BCB工程文件,生成相应的.bpr等文件。(4).tdump.exe(VC中为dumpbin.exe)用法:tdump.exe [options] [inputfile] [listfile] [options]用此工具可以查看DLL中的导出函数声明等等,具体用法请运行tdump.exe(不加参数)。
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