android中的ContentResolver获取手机本地图片

来源：互联网发布：广电网络宽带编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/02 01:33

获取手机的本地图片就是使用ContentResolver类查询本地的数据库，只不过需要使用该类进行查询，并且该类中提供了增删改查的响应的方法。本篇博文并不对ContentResolver进行详细的介绍，相比大家在书上面已经了解到了ContentResolver的用法，所以本篇博文主要对ContentResolver获取本地图片“解惑“。
本人在学习ContentResolver的时候一直很困惑的是ContentResolver查询的时候字段是如何设置的？不明白为什么是这样的字段，代码如下：

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">String[] projection = {                MediaStore<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Images</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Media</span>._ID        }<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>        Uri ext_uri = MediaStore<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Images</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Media</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.EXTERNAL</span>_CONTENT_URI<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>        String where = MediaStore<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Images</span>. + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">">=?"</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>        Cursor c = MediaStore<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Images</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Media</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.query</span>(                mContentResolver,                ext_uri,                projection,                where,                new String[]{<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span> * <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100</span> * <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1024</span> + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">""</span>},                MediaStore<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Images</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Media</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.DATE</span>_ADDED+<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">" desc"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>        int columnIndex = c<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.getColumnIndexOrThrow</span>(MediaStore<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Images</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.Media</span>._ID)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li></ul>

这部分代码查询的是图片的ID值。一直不明白Media._ID、Media.DATE_ADDED、Media.SIZE这些字段很困惑，不明百为什么是这样的字段？后来查看了官方android sdk之后才明白，这些字段都是定义好的。
官方的文档连接：http://www.androidcommunitydocs.com/reference/android/provider/package-summary.html
在官方文档中可以很清楚的看到到底可以查询哪些字段，以及这些字段代表了什么含义。那么，举一反三，可以知道查询手机本地的视频、音频等完全可以参考官方文档即可，不用临摹别人的代码了^_^!
关于获取手机本地的图片，android中提供了有四个类：MediaStore.Images.Media、MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns 、MediaStore.Images、MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails。通过这四个类即可实现获取本地图片的功能。

MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails获取手机图片缩略图，该类中定义了可以获取的各个字段：
String DATA                               图片数据流
String DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER 默认排序该值为”image_id ASC”
String HEIGHT                             图片的高度
String IMAGE_ID                         图片的ID
String KIND                                 图片的类型支持如下两个种类值
int MICRO_KIND                         512 x 384 thumbnail
int MINI_KIND                             96 x 96 thumbnail
String THUMB_DATA                  缩略图数据
String WIDTH                              图片宽度
这些字段可以在查询得到。
MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns这是一个接口，该接口中包含一下字段：
String BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME
String BUCKET_ID
String DATE_TAKEN
String DESCRIPTION
String IS_PRIVATE
String LATITUDE
String LONGITUDE
String MINI_THUMB_MAGIC .
String ORIENTATION
String PICASA_ID
MediaStore.Images 提供了一个构造器
public MediaStore.Images () ，自身没有什么方法，不过interface MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns
class MediaStore.Images.Media
class MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails
这三个是它的内部类或内部接口
MediaStore.Images.Media 给类是进行本地图片获取的实现类，继承了android.provider.BaseColumns 、android.provider.MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns 、android.provider.MediaStore.MediaColumns 包含以上介绍的全部字段。
通过查阅这四个类基本就可以完成对本地图片获取的功能。

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/*** 获取本地图片的异步线程类*/</span><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> LoadLoacalPhotoCursorTask extends AsyncTask<Object, Object, Object> {    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> Context mContext;    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> final ContentResolver mContentResolver;    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> boolean mExitTasksEarly = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>;<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//退出任务线程的标志位</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> OnLoadPhotoCursor onLoadPhotoCursor;<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//定义回调接口，获取解析到的数据</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> ArrayList<Uri> uriArray = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ArrayList<Uri>();<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//存放图片URI</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> ArrayList<Long> origIdArray = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ArrayList<Long>();<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//存放图片ID</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">LoadLoacalPhotoCursorTask</span>(Context mContext) {        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.mContext = mContext;        mContentResolver = mContext.getContentResolver();    }    @Override    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> Object <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">doInBackground</span>(Object... <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">params</span>) {        String[] projection = {                MediaStore.Images.Media._ID        };        Uri ext_uri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;        String <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">where</span> = MediaStore.Images.Media.SIZE + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">">=?"</span>;        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**        * 这个查询操作完成图片大小大于100K的图片的ID查询。        * 大家可能疑惑为什么不查询得到图片DATA呢？        * 这样是为了节省内存。通过图片的ID可以查询得到指定的图片        * 如果这里就把图片数据查询得到，手机中的图片大量的情况下        * 内存消耗严重。那么，什么时候查询图片呢？应该是在Adapter        * 中完成指定的ID的图片的查询，并不一次性加载全部图片数据        */</span>        Cursor c = MediaStore.Images.Media.query(                mContentResolver,                ext_uri,                projection,                <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">where</span>,                <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> String[]{<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span> * <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100</span> * <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1024</span> + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">""</span>},                MediaStore.Images.Media.DATE_ADDED+<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">" desc"</span>);        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> columnIndex = c.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media._ID);        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (c.moveToNext() && i < c.getCount() && !mExitTasksEarly) {   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//移到指定的位置，遍历数据库</span>            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> origId = c.getLong(columnIndex);            uriArray.add(                    Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,                            origId + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">""</span>)            );            origIdArray.add(origId);            c.moveToPosition(i);            i++;        }        c.close();<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//关闭数据库</span>        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (mExitTasksEarly) {            uriArray = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ArrayList<Uri>();            origIdArray = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ArrayList<Long>();        }        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>;    }    @Override    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onPostExecute</span>(Object o) {        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (onLoadPhotoCursor != <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span> && !mExitTasksEarly) {        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**        * 查询完成之后，设置回调接口中的数据，把数据传递到Activity中        */</span>          onLoadPhotoCursor.onLoadPhotoSursorResult(uriArray, origIdArray);        }    }    @Override    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCancelled</span>() {        super.onCancelled();    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//To change body of overridden methods use File | Settings | File Templates.</span>        mExitTasksEarly = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>;    }    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">setExitTasksEarly</span>(boolean exitTasksEarly) {        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.mExitTasksEarly = exitTasksEarly;    }    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">setOnLoadPhotoCursor</span>(OnLoadPhotoCursor onLoadPhotoCursor) {        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.onLoadPhotoCursor = onLoadPhotoCursor;    }    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">interface</span> OnLoadPhotoCursor {        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onLoadPhotoSursorResult</span>(ArrayList<Uri> uriArray, ArrayList<Long> origIdArray);    }}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; 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padding: 0px 5px;">72</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">73</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">74</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">75</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">76</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">77</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">78</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">79</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">80</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">81</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">82</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">83</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">84</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">85</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">86</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">87</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">88</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">89</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">90</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; height: 60px; right: 30px; top: 5px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; z-index: 2;"><a target=_blank target="_blank" style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;" alt="" /></a></div>

通过上面这个代码示例基本了解了如何获取本地图片的过程。随后我会把获取本地图片的Demo放进来，方便大家交流学习。大家如果还有什么疑问或者建议，都可以留言评论。谢谢~！

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