Qt之程序最小化托盘显示及操作

来源：互联网发布：keep软件下载编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/16 06:25

1.功能说明

对于GUI程序，如果想要实现当最小化时，程序从任务栏消失，在系统托盘显示一个图标，表示此程序，并能在托盘内通过双击或者菜单使程序界面恢复。

2.使用的类

主要使用的此类：QSystemTrayIcon。
其中QSystemTrayIcon是主要操作系统托盘的操作类，通过此类，可以在托盘显示指定程序的图标，响应用户鼠标的单击，双击，或wheel操作（好像只对X11系统有用），显示指定消息，显示菜单等。
此类中有两个枚举类型，分别如下：
enum QSystemTrayIcon::ActivationReason 表述托盘上图标的触发缘由

常量值描述QSystemTrayIcon::Unknown0未知原因QSystemTrayIcon::Context1请求系统托盘的上下文菜单QSystemTrayIcon::DoubleClick2鼠标双击QSystemTrayIcon::Trigger3鼠标单击QSystemTrayIcon::MiddleClick4鼠标中间按键

enum QSystemTrayIcon::MessageIcon 当显示气球消息时显示的图片

常量值描述QSystemTrayIcon::NoIcon0不显示图标QSystemTrayIcon::Information1显示信息图标QSystemTrayIcon::Warning2显示告警图标QSystemTrayIcon::Critical3显示致命图标

3.QSystemTrayIcon常用函数

void setIcon(const QIcon& icon)
设置系统托盘的图标
void setToolTip(const QString &tip)
设置鼠标放到图标上的提示文字
void setContextMenu(QMenu* menu);
设置当点击图标弹出的菜单
void show()
显示系统托盘图标

4.代码

1.实现程序托盘显示

a)新建一个QWidget程序，在界面上放入一个QPushButton，text改为“最小化”，如下图：
这里写图片描述

b)给工程加入Qt Resource资源文件，添加一个在托盘显示的icon图片，如图:
这里写图片描述
c)给a中的QPushButton,建立槽函数，在槽函数内实现程序最小化托盘显示

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering"><span class="hljs-literal">void</span> MainWindow<span class="hljs-tag">::on_pushButton_clicked</span>(){    <span class="hljs-comment">//隐藏程序主窗口</span>    this<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>hide();    <span class="hljs-comment">//新建QSystemTrayIcon对象</span>    mSysTrayIcon <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal">new</span> QSystemTrayIcon(this);    <span class="hljs-comment">//新建托盘要显示的icon</span>    QIcon icon <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> QIcon(<span class="hljs-string">"../IMClient/Resources/GG64.png"</span>);    <span class="hljs-comment">//将icon设到QSystemTrayIcon对象中</span>    mSysTrayIcon<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>setIcon(icon);    <span class="hljs-comment">//当鼠标移动到托盘上的图标时，会显示此处设置的内容</span>    mSysTrayIcon<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>setToolTip(QObject<span class="hljs-tag">::trUtf8</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"测试系统托盘图标"</span>));    <span class="hljs-comment">//在系统托盘显示此对象</span>    mSysTrayIcon<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>show();}</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li></ul>

运行程序，点击按钮最小化，可以在系统托盘看到此图标，鼠标移到上面，可以见看见代码中所设的”测试系统托盘图标”文本，如图：
这里写图片描述

2.实现托盘图标操作

最小化后显示在系统托盘内，此时除了在任务管理器中结束此程序，无法再做其他操作，而我们还想实现双击图标显示主界面，单击图标弹出菜单等实现其他操作，此时，就需要使用QSystemTrayIcon::ActivationReason属性了。
a)给QSystemTrayIcon对象添加信号为activated(QSystemTrayIcon::ActivationReason)的槽函数
b)在槽函数内，对双击事件，显示主窗口界面
代码如下：

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering"><span class="hljs-literal">void</span> MainWindow<span class="hljs-tag">::on_pushButton_clicked</span>(){    <span class="hljs-comment">//隐藏主窗口</span>    this<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>hide();    <span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span>    <span class="hljs-comment">//当鼠标移动到托盘上的图标时，会显示此处设置的内容</span>    mSysTrayIcon<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>setToolTip(QObject<span class="hljs-tag">::trUtf8</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"测试系统托盘图标"</span>));    <span class="hljs-comment">//给QSystemTrayIcon添加槽函数</span>    connect(mSysTrayIcon,SIGNAL(activated(QSystemTrayIcon<span class="hljs-tag">::ActivationReason</span>)),this,SLOT(on_activatedSysTrayIcon(QSystemTrayIcon<span class="hljs-tag">::ActivationReason</span>)));    <span class="hljs-comment">//在系统托盘显示此对象</span>    mSysTrayIcon<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>show();}<span class="hljs-literal">void</span> MainWindow<span class="hljs-tag">::on_activatedSysTrayIcon</span>(QSystemTrayIcon<span class="hljs-tag">::ActivationReason</span> reason){    switch(reason){    <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> QSystemTrayIcon<span class="hljs-tag">::Trigger</span>:        <span class="hljs-comment">//单击托盘图标</span>        break;    <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> QSystemTrayIcon<span class="hljs-tag">::DoubleClick</span>:        <span class="hljs-comment">//双击托盘图标</span>        <span class="hljs-comment">//双击后显示主程序窗口</span>        this<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>show();        break;    default:        break;    }}</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li></ul>

程序最小化后，双击托盘图标，程序的主界面可以显示了。

最后再来考虑在单击系统托盘图标时，显示菜单功能。根据上面描述，思路很明确了，如下：
a)新建一个QMenu menu
b)将menu通过QSystemTrayIcon的setContextMenu函数设置到QSystemTrayIcon对象中
再来看代码实现：
在头文件中新增：

<code class="hljs r has-numbering">    QMenu *mMenu;    QAction *mShowMainAction;    QAction *mExitAppAction;    <span class="hljs-keyword">...</span>    public:    void createActions();    void createMenu();    <span class="hljs-keyword">...</span>    private slots:    <span class="hljs-keyword">...</span>    void on_showMainAction();    void on_exitAppAction();</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li></ul>

在cpp中实现：

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering"><span class="hljs-literal">void</span> MainWindow<span class="hljs-tag">::createActions</span>(){    mShowMainAction <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal">new</span> QAction(QObject<span class="hljs-tag">::trUtf8</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"显示主界面"</span>),this);    connect(mShowMainAction,SIGNAL(triggered()),this,SLOT(on_showMainAction()));    mExitAppAction <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal">new</span> QAction(QObject<span class="hljs-tag">::trUtf8</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"退出"</span>),this);    connect(mExitAppAction,SIGNAL(triggered()),this,SLOT(on_exitAppAction()));}<span class="hljs-literal">void</span> MainWindow<span class="hljs-tag">::createMenu</span>(){    mMenu <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> <span class="hljs-literal">new</span> QMenu(this);    <span class="hljs-comment">//新增菜单项---显示主界面</span>    mMenu<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>addAction(mShowMainAction);    <span class="hljs-comment">//增加分隔符</span>    mMenu<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>addSeparator();    <span class="hljs-comment">//新增菜单项---退出程序</span>    mMenu<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>addAction(mExitAppAction);    <span class="hljs-comment">//把QMenu赋给QSystemTrayIcon对象</span>    mSysTrayIcon<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>setContextMenu(mMenu);}<span class="hljs-comment">/** 当在系统托盘点击菜单内的显示主界面操作*/</span><span class="hljs-literal">void</span> MainWindow<span class="hljs-tag">::on_showMainAction</span>(){    this<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>show();}<span class="hljs-comment">/** 当在系统托盘点击菜单内的退出程序操作*/</span><span class="hljs-literal">void</span> MainWindow<span class="hljs-tag">::on_exitAppAction</span>(){    exit(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>);}</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li></ul>

然后

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering"><span class="hljs-literal">void</span> MainWindow<span class="hljs-tag">::on_pushButton_clicked</span>(){    <span class="hljs-attribute">...</span><span class="hljs-attribute">...</span>    <span class="hljs-comment">//给QSystemTrayIcon添加槽函数</span>    connect(mSysTrayIcon,SIGNAL(activated(QSystemTrayIcon<span class="hljs-tag">::ActivationReason</span>)),this,SLOT(on_activatedSysTrayIcon(QSystemTrayIcon<span class="hljs-tag">::ActivationReason</span>)));    <span class="hljs-comment">//建立托盘操作的菜单</span>    createActions();    createMenu();    <span class="hljs-comment">//在系统托盘显示此对象</span>    mSysTrayIcon<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>show();}</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li></ul>

最后再看看消息球的使用

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering"><span class="hljs-literal">void</span> MainWindow<span class="hljs-tag">::on_activatedSysTrayIcon</span>(QSystemTrayIcon<span class="hljs-tag">::ActivationReason</span> reason){    switch(reason){    <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> QSystemTrayIcon<span class="hljs-tag">::Trigger</span>:        <span class="hljs-comment">//显示消息球，1s后自动消失</span>        <span class="hljs-comment">//第一个参数是标题</span>        <span class="hljs-comment">//第二个参数是消息内容</span>        <span class="hljs-comment">//第三个参数图标</span>        <span class="hljs-comment">//第四个参数是超时毫秒数</span>        mSysTrayIcon<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>showMessage(QObject<span class="hljs-tag">::trUtf8</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"Message Title"</span>),                                  QObject<span class="hljs-tag">::trUtf8</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"欢迎使用此程序"</span>),                                  QSystemTrayIcon<span class="hljs-tag">::Information</span>,                                  <span class="hljs-number">1000</span>);        break;    <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> QSystemTrayIcon<span class="hljs-tag">::DoubleClick</span>:        this<span class="hljs-subst">-></span>show();        break;    default:        break;    }}</code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li></ul>

关于系统托盘操作的笔记就记录到此了，最后是完整代码的实现。

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-preprocessor">#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">#<span class="hljs-keyword">define</span> MAINWINDOW_H</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">#include <QMainWindow></span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">#include <QSystemTrayIcon></span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">#include <QMenu></span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">#include <QAction></span>namespace Ui {class MainWindow;}class MainWindow : <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> QMainWindow{    Q_OBJECT<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span>:    <span class="hljs-keyword">explicit</span> <span class="hljs-title">MainWindow</span>(QWidget *parent = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>);    ~MainWindow();<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span>:    QSystemTrayIcon *mSysTrayIcon;    QMenu *mMenu;    QAction *mShowMainAction;    QAction *mExitAppAction;<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span>:    <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">createActions</span>();    <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> createMenu();<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> slots:    <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">on_pushButton_clicked</span>();    <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> on_activatedSysTrayIcon(QSystemTrayIcon::ActivationReason reason);    <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> on_showMainAction();    <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> on_exitAppAction();<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span>:    Ui::MainWindow *ui;};<span class="hljs-preprocessor">#<span class="hljs-keyword">endif</span> // MAINWINDOW_H</span></code><ul style="" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li></ul>

<code class="hljs vala has-numbering"><span class="hljs-preprocessor">#include "mainwindow.h"</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">#include "ui_mainwindow.h"</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">#include <QIcon></span>MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :    QMainWindow(parent),    ui(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Ui::MainWindow){    ui->setupUi(<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>);}MainWindow::~MainWindow(){    delete ui;}<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> MainWindow::on_pushButton_clicked(){    <span class="hljs-comment">//隐藏主窗口</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>->hide();    <span class="hljs-comment">//新建QSystemTrayIcon对象</span>    mSysTrayIcon = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> QSystemTrayIcon(<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>);    <span class="hljs-comment">//新建托盘要显示的icon</span>    QIcon icon = QIcon(<span class="hljs-string">"../IMClient/Resources/GG64.png"</span>);    <span class="hljs-comment">//将icon设到QSystemTrayIcon对象中</span>    mSysTrayIcon->setIcon(icon);    <span class="hljs-comment">//当鼠标移动到托盘上的图标时，会显示此处设置的内容</span>    mSysTrayIcon->setToolTip(QObject::trUtf8(<span class="hljs-string">"测试系统托盘图标"</span>));    <span class="hljs-comment">//给QSystemTrayIcon添加槽函数</span>    connect(mSysTrayIcon,SIGNAL(activated(QSystemTrayIcon::ActivationReason)),<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>,SLOT(on_activatedSysTrayIcon(QSystemTrayIcon::ActivationReason)));    <span class="hljs-comment">//建立托盘操作的菜单</span>    createActions();    createMenu();    <span class="hljs-comment">//在系统托盘显示此对象</span>    mSysTrayIcon->show();}<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> MainWindow::on_activatedSysTrayIcon(QSystemTrayIcon::ActivationReason reason){    <span class="hljs-keyword">switch</span>(reason){    <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> QSystemTrayIcon::Trigger:        mSysTrayIcon->showMessage(QObject::trUtf8(<span class="hljs-string">"Message Title"</span>),                                  QObject::trUtf8(<span class="hljs-string">"欢迎使用此程序"</span>),                                  QSystemTrayIcon::Information,                                  <span class="hljs-number">1000</span>);        <span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>;    <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> QSystemTrayIcon::DoubleClick:        <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>->show();        <span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>;    <span class="hljs-keyword">default</span>:        <span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>;    }}<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> MainWindow::createActions(){    mShowMainAction = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> QAction(QObject::trUtf8(<span class="hljs-string">"显示主界面"</span>),<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>);    connect(mShowMainAction,SIGNAL(triggered()),<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>,SLOT(on_showMainAction()));    mExitAppAction = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> QAction(QObject::trUtf8(<span class="hljs-string">"退出"</span>),<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>);    connect(mExitAppAction,SIGNAL(triggered()),<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>,SLOT(on_exitAppAction()));}<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> MainWindow::createMenu(){    mMenu = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> QMenu(<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>);    mMenu->addAction(mShowMainAction);    mMenu->addSeparator();    mMenu->addAction(mExitAppAction);    mSysTrayIcon->setContextMenu(mMenu);}<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> MainWindow::on_showMainAction(){    <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>->show();}<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> MainWindow::on_exitAppAction(){    exit(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>);}</code>

FROM: http://blog.csdn.net/zhuyunfei/article/details/51433822

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