Cococs2d-x之文件操作

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一、字符串操作

cocos中用到三种字符串,C字符串char*,C++字符串std::string和cocos定义的字符串。

C字符串是最基本的字符串,C++字符串是对C字符串的二次封装,cocos字符串是对C和C++字符串的再次封装,它继承Ref和clonable,在cocos中是一个对象,并引入计数引用技术。

//c字符串与c++字符串char* cstr = "helloworld";log("str len: %d",strlen(cstr));log("c str: %s",cstr);//c字符串转c++字符串std::string* ccstr= new std::string(cstr);//c++字符串转c字符串log("c++ str: %s",ccstr->c_str());//c字符串与cocos字符串//c字符串转cocos字符串__String* cocstr = __String::createWithFormat("%s", cstr);//cocos字符串转c字符串log("cocos str: %s",cocstr->getCString());//c++字符串与cocos字符串//c++字符串转cocos字符串cocstr = __String::create(*ccstr);log("cocos str: %s", cocstr->getCString());//字符串操作std::string str=StringUtils::format("%3d %3.2f %c %s", 12, 3.1425926, 'a', "linjinxin");log(str.c_str());


二、文件读写操作

//目录操作//获得系统可写路径log("%s", FileUtils::getInstance()->getWritablePath());//获取文件完整路径log("%s", FileUtils::getInstance()->fullPathForFilename("data.txt").c_str());//获取文件相对于特定文件夹的完整路径log("%s", FileUtils::getInstance()->fullPathFromRelativeFile("data.txt", FileUtils::getInstance()->getWritablePath()).c_str());//读文件Data data = FileUtils::getInstance()->getDataFromFile(FileUtils::getInstance()->fullPathForFilename("data.txt").c_str());log("%s", data.getBytes());data = FileUtils::getInstance()->getDataFromFile(FileUtils::getInstance()->fullPathFromRelativeFile("data.txt",FileUtils::getInstance()->getWritablePath()).c_str());log("%s", data.getBytes());//写文件//FILE* f = fopen(FileUtils::getInstance()->fullPathForFilename("data.txt").c_str(), "w+");FILE* f = fopen("data.txt", "w");fprintf(f, "hello cocos2d-x in local resources!");fclose(f);f = fopen(FileUtils::getInstance()->fullPathFromRelativeFile("data.txt", FileUtils::getInstance()->getWritablePath()).c_str(), "w");fprintf(f, "hello cocos2d-x in system path!");fclose(f);




三、各种文件操作

1、首选项数据

每个cocos项目会在系统可写目录下创建一个UserDefault.xml文件,用于保存少量的游戏数据,程序员无需操作文件,只需调用简单的API即可对这些数据进行读写。

//首选项数据str = UserDefault::getInstance()->getStringForKey("name", "no find");log("name:%s", str.c_str());UserDefault::getInstance()->setStringForKey("name", "linjinxin");UserDefault::getInstance()->setIntegerForKey("age", 21);str = UserDefault::getInstance()->getStringForKey("name", "no find");auto age = UserDefault::getInstance()->getIntegerForKey("age", 18);log("name:%s,age:%d", str.c_str(), age);



2、配置文件

cocos中有一个全局的Configuration,包含一些 openGL 变量的Configuration。我们也可以用这个文件来读写一些配置。

//配置文件Configuration* config = Configuration::getInstance();config->loadConfigFile("config.plist");log("name:%s", config->getValue("name").asString().c_str());log("gate:%d", config->getValue("gate", Value(0)));config->setValue("gate", Value(5));log("gate:%d", config->getValue("gate", Value(0)));


3、Plist文件读写

Plist文件全称Property List,即属性列表,是ios采用的配置文件格式,cocos2d-x发展自cocos,而cocos最早是运行在ios上的,所以cocos2d-x仍支持plist文件的操作。plist文件的本质是是xml,再结合的json的特点,根结点有数组和字典两种方式。使用Plist文件可解决cocos2d中的中文乱码问题。

根结点为字典的格式:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><plist version="1.0"><dict><key>name</key>    <string>林锦新</string>    <key>age</key>    <string>18</string></dict></plist>
读取代码:

ValueMap vm = FileUtils::getInstance()->getValueMapFromFile("dict.plist");log("%s %d", vm["name"].asString().c_str(),vm["age"].asInt());


根结点为数组的格式:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><plist version="1.0"><array>    <string>林锦新</string>     <string>18</string></array></plist>
读取代码:

ValueVector vv=FileUtils::getInstance()->getValueVectorFromFile("arr.plist");log("%s %d", vv[0].asString().c_str(),vv[1].asInt());

4、xml文件读写

xml是一种应用十分广泛的数据存储格式,像上面的PList文件,其本质也是xml文件。每个xml文件有且只有一个根结点,有多个根结点只识别第一个结点作为根结点,其它结点被忽略。xml文件由层级关系的父子结点及结点属性组成。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><data>  <p name="zhangshan" age="18">    <address province="广东省" city="广州市"/>  </p>  <p name="lishi" age="20"/></data>
cocos2d要解析和创建xml文件必须先引入一个库

#include "tinyxml2/tinyxml2.h"
下面解析xml文件,采用递归的方式从根结点开始遍历所有的子结点。

////xml文件解析tinyxml2::XMLDocument xmlDoc;xmlDoc.Parse(FileUtils::getInstance()->getStringFromFile("data.xml").c_str());//获得根结点tinyxml2::XMLElement *root = xmlDoc.RootElement();//xml解析xmlParse(root);

//xml解析void HelloFile::xmlParse(tinyxml2::XMLElement* root) {//遍历当前结点的子结点for (tinyxml2::XMLElement* e = root->FirstChildElement(); e; e = e->NextSiblingElement()) {std::string str;//获得结点名称str = StringUtils::format("%s=", e->Name());//遍历当前结点的属性for (const tinyxml2::XMLAttribute* attr = e->FirstAttribute(); attr; attr = attr->Next()) {str = str + "(" + attr->Name() + "=" + attr->Value() + ");";}log("%s", str.c_str());//递归遍历子结点xmlParse(e);}}

下面再看一下xml文件的创建

//创建xml文件void HelloFile::xmlCreate() {//声明xml文档tinyxml2::XMLDocument* doc = new tinyxml2::XMLDocument();//声明xml文件头tinyxml2::XMLDeclaration* pDec = doc->NewDeclaration("xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"");//将文件头链接到文件doc->LinkEndChild(pDec);//声明根结点tinyxml2::XMLElement* root = doc->NewElement("root");//为根结点添加属性root->SetAttribute("type", "game");root->SetAttribute("version", 5);//声明子结点并添加到根结点tinyxml2::XMLElement* first = doc->NewElement("p");first->SetAttribute("name", "zhangshan");tinyxml2::XMLElement* second = doc->NewElement("q");second->SetAttribute("name", "lishi");root->InsertFirstChild(first);root->InsertAfterChild(first, second);tinyxml2::XMLElement* grandson = doc->NewElement("address");grandson->SetAttribute("city", "guangzhou");first->InsertFirstChild(grandson);//将根结点添加到文档doc->InsertEndChild(root);//保存文档//文件会保存在Resource目录下doc->SaveFile("newData.xml");//释放内存delete doc;}
保存后的文件内容:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><root type="game" version="5">    <p name="zhangshan">        <address city="guangzhou"/>    </p>    <q name="lishi"/></root>

使用xml文件也可以解决cocos2d中的中文乱码问题。


5、json文件读写

json文件有两种存储方式,一种是根结点是数组,一种是根结点为对象(集合)。

cocos中读写json文件要先引入下列库:

#include "json/rapidjson.h"#include "json/document.h"#include "json/stringbuffer.h"#include "json/writer.h"

创建json文件(数组格式)

//以数组格式创建jsonvoid HelloFile::jsonCreateWithArray() {//声明json文档rapidjson::Document doc;//设置json文档格式为数组doc.SetArray();//声明Allocatorrapidjson::Document::AllocatorType& allocator = doc.GetAllocator();//声明json对象rapidjson::Value obj1(rapidjson::kObjectType);rapidjson::Value obj2(rapidjson::kObjectType);//声明json数组rapidjson::Value arr1(rapidjson::kArrayType);//为对象赋值obj1.AddMember("name", "zhangshan",allocator);obj1.AddMember("age", 18, allocator);obj2.AddMember("name", "Lishi",allocator);//为数组添加元素arr1.PushBack("hero", allocator);arr1.PushBack("moster", allocator);arr1.PushBack("judge", allocator);//将所有对象和数组添加到根数组doc.PushBack(obj1, allocator);doc.PushBack(obj2, allocator);doc.PushBack(arr1, allocator);//声明字符缓冲rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer;//声明写入器rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(buffer);//写入json文档doc.Accept(writer);//保存到文件FILE* f = fopen("newArray.json", "w");fprintf(f, StringUtils::format("%s", buffer.GetString()).c_str());fclose(f);}

文件内容:

<pre name="code" class="html">[  {    "name": "zhangshan",    "age": 18  },  { "name": "Lishi" },  [ "hero", "moster", "judge" ]]


创建json文件(对象格式)

//以对象格式创建jsonvoid HelloFile::jsonCreateWithObject() {//声明json文档rapidjson::Document doc;//设置根结点为对象doc.SetObject();//声明Allocatorrapidjson::Document::AllocatorType& allocator = doc.GetAllocator();//声明json对象rapidjson::Value obj1(rapidjson::kObjectType);rapidjson::Value obj2(rapidjson::kObjectType);//声明json数组rapidjson::Value arr1(rapidjson::kArrayType);//为对象赋值obj1.AddMember("name", "zhangshan", allocator);obj1.AddMember("age", 18, allocator);obj2.AddMember("name", "Lishi", allocator);//为数组添加元素arr1.PushBack("hero", allocator);arr1.PushBack("moster", allocator);arr1.PushBack("judge", allocator);//将所有对象和数组添加到根数组doc.AddMember("character1", obj1, allocator);doc.AddMember("character2", obj2, allocator);doc.AddMember("statement", arr1, allocator);//声明字符缓冲rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer;//声明写入器rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(buffer);//写入json文档doc.Accept(writer);//保存到文件FILE* f = fopen("newObject.json", "w");fprintf(f, StringUtils::format("%s", buffer.GetString()).c_str());fclose(f);}

文件内容:

{  "character1": {    "name": "zhangshan",    "age": 18  },  "character2": { "name": "Lishi" },  "statement": [ "hero", "moster", "judge" ]}

json文件解析

解析数组格式,我们解析上面创建的文件:

//解析数组格式的json文件void HelloFile::jsonParseWithArray() {rapidjson::Document doc;doc.Parse(FileUtils::getInstance()->getStringFromFile("newArray.json").c_str());log("%s", doc[(int)0]["name"].GetString());log("%d", doc[(int)0]["age"].GetInt());log("%s", doc[2][0].GetString());}

解析 对象格式,我们解析上面创建的文件:

//解析对象格式的json文件void HelloFile::jsonParseWithObject() {rapidjson::Document doc;doc.Parse(FileUtils::getInstance()->getStringFromFile("newObject.json").c_str());log("%s", doc["character1"]["name"].GetString());log("%d", doc["character1"]["age"].GetInt());log("%s", doc["statement"][0].GetString());}






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