Java文件IO操作应该抛弃File拥抱Paths和Files

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Java7中文件IO发生了很大的变化,专门引入了很多新的类:

import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
import java.nio.file.FileSystem;
import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.attribute.FileAttribute;
import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermission;
import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermissions;

......等等,来取代原来的基于java.io.File的文件IO操作方式.

1. Path就是取代File的

Path represents a path that is hierarchical and composed of a sequence of directory and file name elements separated by a special separator or delimiter.

Path用于来表示文件路径和文件。可以有多种方法来构造一个Path对象来表示一个文件路径,或者一个文件:

1)首先是final类Paths的两个static方法,如何从一个路径字符串来构造Path对象:

        Path path = Paths.get("C:/", "Xmp");        Path path2 = Paths.get("C:/Xmp");                URI u = URI.create("file:///C:/Xmp/dd");                Path p = Paths.get(u);

2)FileSystems构造:

Path path3 = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("C:/", "access.log");

3)File和Path之间的转换,File和URI之间的转换:

        File file = new File("C:/my.ini");        Path p1 = file.toPath();        p1.toFile();        file.toURI();

4)创建一个文件:

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        Path target2 = Paths.get("C:\\mystuff.txt");//      Set<PosixFilePermission> perms = PosixFilePermissions.fromString("rw-rw-rw-");//      FileAttribute<Set<PosixFilePermission>> attrs = PosixFilePermissions.asFileAttribute(perms);        try {            if(!Files.exists(target2))                Files.createFile(target2);        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }
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windows下不支持PosixFilePermission来指定rwx权限。

5)Files.newBufferedReader读取文件:

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        try {//            Charset.forName("GBK")            BufferedReader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(Paths.get("C:\\my.ini"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);            String str = null;            while((str = reader.readLine()) != null){                System.out.println(str);            }        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }
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可以看到使用 Files.newBufferedReader 远比原来的FileInputStream,然后BufferedReader包装,等操作简单的多了。

这里如果指定的字符编码不对,可能会抛出异常 MalformedInputException ,或者读取到了乱码:

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java.nio.charset.MalformedInputException: Input length = 1    at java.nio.charset.CoderResult.throwException(CoderResult.java:281)    at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:339)    at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:178)    at java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:184)    at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:161)    at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:324)    at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:389)    at com.coin.Test.main(Test.java:79)
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6)文件写操作:

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        try {            BufferedWriter writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(Paths.get("C:\\my2.ini"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);            writer.write("测试文件写操作");            writer.flush();            writer.close();        } catch (IOException e1) {            e1.printStackTrace();        }
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7)遍历一个文件夹

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        Path dir = Paths.get("D:\\webworkspace");        try(DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(dir)){            for(Path e : stream){                System.out.println(e.getFileName());            }        }catch(IOException e){                    }
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        try (Stream<Path> stream = Files.list(Paths.get("C:/"))){            Iterator<Path> ite = stream.iterator();            while(ite.hasNext()){                Path pp = ite.next();                System.out.println(pp.getFileName());            }        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }
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上面是遍历单个目录,它不会遍历整个目录。遍历整个目录需要使用:Files.walkFileTree

8)遍历整个文件目录:

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    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{        Path startingDir = Paths.get("C:\\apache-tomcat-8.0.21");        List<Path> result = new LinkedList<Path>();        Files.walkFileTree(startingDir, new FindJavaVisitor(result));        System.out.println("result.size()=" + result.size());            }        private static class FindJavaVisitor extends SimpleFileVisitor<Path>{        private List<Path> result;        public FindJavaVisitor(List<Path> result){            this.result = result;        }        @Override        public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs){            if(file.toString().endsWith(".java")){                result.add(file.getFileName());            }            return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;        }    }
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来一个实际例子:

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    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {        Path startingDir = Paths.get("F:\\upload\\images");    // F:\\upload\\images\\2\\20141206        List<Path> result = new LinkedList<Path>();        Files.walkFileTree(startingDir, new FindJavaVisitor(result));        System.out.println("result.size()=" + result.size());                 System.out.println("done.");    }        private static class FindJavaVisitor extends SimpleFileVisitor<Path>{        private List<Path> result;        public FindJavaVisitor(List<Path> result){            this.result = result;        }                @Override        public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs){            String filePath = file.toFile().getAbsolutePath();                   if(filePath.matches(".*_[1|2]{1}\\.(?i)(jpg|jpeg|gif|bmp|png)")){                try {                    Files.deleteIfExists(file);                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }              result.add(file.getFileName());            } return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;        }    }
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将目录下面所有符合条件的图片删除掉:filePath.matches(".*_[1|2]{1}\\.(?i)(jpg|jpeg|gif|bmp|png)")

 

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    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {        Path startingDir = Paths.get("F:\\111111\\upload\\images");    // F:\111111\\upload\\images\\2\\20141206        List<Path> result = new LinkedList<Path>();        Files.walkFileTree(startingDir, new FindJavaVisitor(result));        System.out.println("result.size()=" + result.size());                 System.out.println("done.");    }        private static class FindJavaVisitor extends SimpleFileVisitor<Path>{        private List<Path> result;        public FindJavaVisitor(List<Path> result){            this.result = result;        }                @Override        public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs){            String filePath = file.toFile().getAbsolutePath();            int width = 224;            int height = 300;            StringUtils.substringBeforeLast(filePath, ".");            String newPath = StringUtils.substringBeforeLast(filePath, ".") + "_1."                                             + StringUtils.substringAfterLast(filePath, ".");            try {                ImageUtil.zoomImage(filePath, newPath, width, height);            } catch (IOException e) {                e.printStackTrace();                return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;            }            result.add(file.getFileName());            return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;        }    }
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为目录下的所有图片生成指定大小的缩略图。a.jpg 则生成 a_1.jpg

 

2. 强大的java.nio.file.Files

1)创建目录和文件:

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        try {            Files.createDirectories(Paths.get("C://TEST"));            if(!Files.exists(Paths.get("C://TEST")))                    Files.createFile(Paths.get("C://TEST/test.txt"));//            Files.createDirectories(Paths.get("C://TEST/test2.txt"));        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }
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注意创建目录和文件Files.createDirectories 和 Files.createFile不能混用,必须先有目录,才能在目录中创建文件。

2)文件复制:

从文件复制到文件:Files.copy(Path source, Path target, CopyOption options);

从输入流复制到文件:Files.copy(InputStream in, Path target, CopyOption options);

从文件复制到输出流:Files.copy(Path source, OutputStream out);

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        try {            Files.createDirectories(Paths.get("C://TEST"));            if(!Files.exists(Paths.get("C://TEST")))                    Files.createFile(Paths.get("C://TEST/test.txt"));//          Files.createDirectories(Paths.get("C://TEST/test2.txt"));            Files.copy(Paths.get("C://my.ini"), System.out);            Files.copy(Paths.get("C://my.ini"), Paths.get("C://my2.ini"), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);            Files.copy(System.in, Paths.get("C://my3.ini"), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }
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3)遍历一个目录和文件夹上面已经介绍了:Files.newDirectoryStream , Files.walkFileTree

4)读取文件属性:

            Path zip = Paths.get(uri);            System.out.println(Files.getLastModifiedTime(zip));            System.out.println(Files.size(zip));            System.out.println(Files.isSymbolicLink(zip));            System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(zip));            System.out.println(Files.readAttributes(zip, "*"));

5)读取和设置文件权限:

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            Path profile = Paths.get("/home/digdeep/.profile");            PosixFileAttributes attrs = Files.readAttributes(profile, PosixFileAttributes.class);// 读取文件的权限            Set<PosixFilePermission> posixPermissions = attrs.permissions();            posixPermissions.clear();            String owner = attrs.owner().getName();            String perms = PosixFilePermissions.toString(posixPermissions);            System.out.format("%s %s%n", owner, perms);                        posixPermissions.add(PosixFilePermission.OWNER_READ);            posixPermissions.add(PosixFilePermission.GROUP_READ);            posixPermissions.add(PosixFilePermission.OTHERS_READ);            posixPermissions.add(PosixFilePermission.OWNER_WRITE);                        Files.setPosixFilePermissions(profile, posixPermissions);    // 设置文件的权限
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Files类简直强大的一塌糊涂,几乎所有文件和目录的相关属性,操作都有想要的api来支持。这里懒得再继续介绍了,详细参见 jdk8 的文档。

 

一个实际例子:

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import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.BufferedWriter;import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;import java.nio.file.Files;import java.nio.file.Path;import java.nio.file.Paths;public class StringTools {    public static void main(String[] args) {        try {            BufferedReader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(Paths.get("C:\\Members.sql"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);            BufferedWriter writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(Paths.get("C:\\Members3.txt"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);            String str = null;            while ((str = reader.readLine()) != null) {                if (str != null && str.indexOf(", CAST(0x") != -1 && str.indexOf("AS DateTime)") != -1) {                    String newStr = str.substring(0, str.indexOf(", CAST(0x")) + ")";                    writer.write(newStr);                    writer.newLine();                }            }            writer.flush();            writer.close();        } catch (Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }}
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场景是,sql server导出数据时,会将 datatime 导成16进制的binary格式,形如:, CAST(0x0000A2A500FC2E4F AS DateTime))

所以上面的程序是将最后一个 datatime 字段导出的 , CAST(0x0000A2A500FC2E4F AS DateTime) 删除掉,生成新的不含有datetime字段值的sql 脚本。用来导入到mysql中。

 

做到半途,其实有更好的方法,使用sql yog可以很灵活的将sql server中的表以及数据导入到mysql中。使用sql server自带的导出数据的功能,反而不好处理。

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