C语言中char*和char[]用法区别分析&微软编译器的坑

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一般来说,很多人会觉得这两个定义效果一样,其实差别很大。以下是个人的一些看法,有不正确的地方望指正。

本质上来说,char *s定义了一个char型的指针,它只知道所指向的内存单元,并不知道这个内存单元有多大,所以:

当char *s = "hello";后,不能使用s[0]='a';语句进行赋值。这是将提示内存不能为"written"。

当用char s[]="hello";后,完全可以使用s[0]='a';进行赋值,这是常规的数组操作。

若定义:

char s[] = "hello";char *p = s;

也可以使用p[0] = 'a';因为这是p ==s,都是指向数组的指针。

下面看另外一种定义:

char *s = (char *)malloc(n(www.jb51.net));//其中n为要开辟空间的大小

这句话其实相当于:

char s[n];

定义的也是一个指向数组的指针,便可进行数组的下标操作

例子

#include <stdio.h>int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {char* buf1 = "this is a test";char buf2[] = "this is a test";printf("size of buf1: %d\n", sizeof(buf1));printf("size of buf2: %d\n", sizeof(buf2));return 0;}

结果是:

$ > ./main
size of buf1: 4

size of buf2: 15


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在编写这道题目时,用了VS2010:

使用C/C++编写函数,实现字符串反转,要求不使用任何系统函数,且时间复杂度最小。

当运行下列代码时,报出了错误:0xC0000005: Access violation writing location 0x00125744。

char* reverseString(char* s) {    if(s == NULL){return "";}int length = 0;for(length;;length++){if(s[length] == '\0'){break;}}for(int i = 0;i<length/2;i++){char temp;temp = s[i];s[i] = s[length-1-i];s[length-1-i] =temp;}return s;}
上网查了查,发现了上面关于char*和char[]的区别。但是这段代码在leetcode上却通过了。

后来把函数改写成了:

char* reverseString(char* s) {    if(s == NULL){return "";}int length = 0;<span style="white-space:pre"></span>for(length;;length++){if(s[length] == '\0'){break;}}<span style="white-space:pre"></span>char *newString = (char*)malloc(length*sizeof(char));for(int i = 0;i<length;i++){newString[i] = s[length-1-i];}newString[length] = '\0';return newString;}

但似乎用了系统函数malloc。

而直接定义一个char数组,char newString[length]又会报错:expected constant expression。这是因为:

The sizes of array variables in C must be known at compile time. If you know it only at run time you will have to malloc some memory yourself instead.

好纠结啊,大家有什么方法吗?


When you write char myArray[6]="Hello"; you are allocating 6 chars on the stack (including a null-terminator).

Yes you can change individual elements; e.g. myArray[4] = '\0' will transform your string to "Hell" (as far as the C library string functions are concerned), but you can't redefine the array itself as that would ruin the stack.

Note that [const] char* myArray = "Hello"; is an entirely different beast: that is read-only memory and any changes to that string is undefined behaviour.


Array is a non modifiable lvalue. So you cannot modify it.If you wish to modify the contents of the array, use strcpy.

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