你真的了解UITextField吗？

来源：互联网发布：python for 无限循环编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/06 12:22

一：首先查看一下关于UITextField的定义

NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) @interface UITextField : UIControl <UITextInput, NSCoding> @property(nullable, nonatomic,copy)   NSString *text;        //值         @property(nullable, nonatomic,copy)   NSAttributedString     *attributedText NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);  //富本的值@property(nullable, nonatomic,strong) UIColor *textColor; // 字色@property(nullable, nonatomic,strong) UIFont *font; // 字体@property(nonatomic)        NSTextAlignment         textAlignment;        // 默认值 NSLeftTextAlignment 排版@property(nonatomic)        UITextBorderStyle       borderStyle; // 默认值 UITextBorderStyleNone 边框的样式@property(nonatomic,copy)   NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *defaultTextAttributes NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0); // 本属性 用字典填充@property(nullable, nonatomic,copy)   NSString *placeholder; // 空值时的提示字@property(nullable, nonatomic,copy)   NSAttributedString     *attributedPlaceholder NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // 富本的空值提示字@property(nonatomic)        BOOL clearsOnBeginEditing; // 默认值 NO 如果设为YES 再次编辑就清空@property(nonatomic)        BOOL adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth; // 默认值NO，若设为YES 当字超出本框宽度时，自动调整字大小@property(nonatomic)        CGFloat minimumFontSize;      // 默认值 0.0.最小可缩小的字和adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth一起使用@property(nullable, nonatomic,weak)   id<UITextFieldDelegate> delegate;         //代理    @property(nullable, nonatomic,strong) UIImage *background; //设置背景 注意只有UITextBorderStyleNone的时候改属性有效@property(nullable, nonatomic,strong) UIImage *disabledBackground;   //禁用的背景@property(nonatomic,readonly,getter=isEditing) BOOL editing;  //是否被编辑@property(nonatomic) BOOL allowsEditingTextAttributes NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // 默认值 NO@property(nullable, nonatomic,copy) NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *typingAttributes NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); @property(nonatomic)        UITextFieldViewMode  clearButtonMode; // 输入框中是否有个叉 设置清除 何时显示@property(nullable, nonatomic,strong) UIView *leftView;        //  左边视图@property(nonatomic)        UITextFieldViewMode  leftViewMode;    // 在什么状态下显示 默认值 UITextFieldViewModeNever@property(nullable, nonatomic,strong) UIView *rightView;       // 右边视图@property(nonatomic)        UITextFieldViewMode  rightViewMode;   // 默认值 UITextFieldViewModeNever//界面重写绘制行为////重写来重置边缘区域- (CGRect)borderRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;//重写来重置字区域- (CGRect)textRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;//重写来重置占位符区域- (CGRect)placeholderRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;//重写来重置编辑区域- (CGRect)editingRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;//重写来重置clearButton位置,改变size可能导致button的图片失真- (CGRect)clearButtonRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;- (CGRect)leftViewRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;- (CGRect)rightViewRectForBounds:(CGRect)bounds;//改变绘字属性.重写时调用super可以按默认图形属性绘制,若自己完全重写绘制函数，就不用调用super了.- (void)drawTextInRect:(CGRect)rect;//重写改变绘制占位符属性.重写时调用super可以按默认图形属性绘制,若自己完全重写绘制函数，就不用调用super了.- (void)drawPlaceholderInRect:(CGRect)rect;@property (nullable, readwrite, strong) UIView *inputView;     //代替标准的系统键盘        @property (nullable, readwrite, strong) UIView *inputAccessoryView;  //编辑时显示在系统键盘或用户自定义的inputView上面的视图@property(nonatomic) BOOL clearsOnInsertion NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // 默认值NO@end

UITextField是继承于UIControl，并且遵循NSCoding及UITextInput的协议；UITextInput的协议作用是用来辅助键盘输入得协议，在需要用到键盘输入得地方都需要实现这个协议；

知识点1：UITextBorderStyle的枚举内容

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UITextBorderStyle) {    UITextBorderStyleNone,/无任何边框    UITextBorderStyleLine,//黑色线框    UITextBorderStyleBezel,//边线+阴影    UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect //浅色带圆弧线框};

知识点2：UITextFieldViewMode的枚举内容

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UITextFieldViewMode) {    UITextFieldViewModeNever,//无清除按钮    UITextFieldViewModeWhileEditing,//编辑时出现清除按钮    UITextFieldViewModeUnlessEditing,//编辑时不出现，编辑后才出现清除按钮    UITextFieldViewModeAlways //一直显示清除按钮};

知识点3：关于NSTextAlignment的说明，UITextAlignmentLeft （水平右对齐），UITextAlignmentCenter（水平居中对齐），UITextAlignmentRight （水平右对齐）；

知识点4：修改UITextField中关于Placeholder的着色

[self.myTextField setValue:[UIColor grayColor] forKeyPath:@"_placeholderLabel.textColor"];当然也可以采用另外一种方式： NSMutableAttributedString *attrString=[[NSMutableAttributedString alloc]initWithString:@"水印提示字"];  [attrString addAttribute:NSForegroundColorAttributeNam value:[UIColor redColor] range:NSMakeRange(0, 2)];  myTextFieldattributedPlaceholder=attrString;

知识点5：关于leftView跟leftViewMode的运用

 _relayTextField=[[UITextField alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 0, 0)]; _relayTextField.backgroundColor=[UIColor whiteColor]; _relayTextField.font=[UIFont fontWithName:@"OpenSans" size:15.0]; _relayTextField.delegate=self; _relayTextField.layer.cornerRadius=5.0f; _relayTextField.layer.masksToBounds=YES; _relayTextField.clearButtonMode=UITextFieldViewModeWhileEditing; _relayTextField.autocorrectionType=UITextAutocorrectionTypeNo; _relayTextField.autocapitalizationType=UITextAutocapitalizationTypeNone; _relayTextField.returnKeyType=UIReturnKeySend; UILabel *label=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 10, 70, 37)]; label.font=[UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:15]; label.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth=YES; label.textColor=COLOR_WORD_GRAY_2; _relayTextField.leftView=label; _relayTextField.leftViewMode=UITextFieldViewModeAlways; [self addSubview:_relayTextField];设置显示的值：-(void)configuerWithName:(NSString*)name messageId:(NSString*)message_id{    _name=name;    _messageId=message_id;    if ([_relayTextField.leftView isKindOfClass:[UILabel class]]) {        ((UILabel*)_relayTextField.leftView).text=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ :",name];        ((UILabel*)_relayTextField.leftView).textColor=COLOR_WORD_GRAY_2;    }}

知识点6：inputView跟inputAccessoryView 默认是系统的键盘，比如有自定义的键盘就可以把它赋值给inputView;当然也可以是其它效果的视图，比如弹出选择器等；实例如下：

//自定义键盘，将原有的键盘隐藏，显示当前自定义视图UIView *keyBoardContent=[[UIView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width, 100)];keyBoardContent.backgroundColor=[UIColor darkGrayColor];myTextField.inputView=keyBoardContent;UIView *subView=[[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, self.view.bounds.size.width, 80)];subView.backgroundColor=[UIColor greenColor];myTextField.inputAccessoryView=subView;

二：UITextInputTraits的相关内容，UITextField遵循这个协议，用来辅助键盘输入得协议，在需要用到键盘输入得地方都需要实现这个协议

@protocol UITextInputTraits <NSObject>@optional@property(nonatomic) UITextAutocapitalizationType autocapitalizationType; // default is UITextAutocapitalizationTypeSentences@property(nonatomic) UITextAutocorrectionType autocorrectionType;         //是否纠错 默认值 UITextAutocorrectionTypeDefault@property(nonatomic) UITextSpellCheckingType spellCheckingType NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0); // default is UITextSpellCheckingTypeDefault;@property(nonatomic) UIKeyboardType keyboardType; // 键盘类型 默认值UIKeyboardTypeDefault@property(nonatomic) UIKeyboardearance keyboardearance; // 设定键盘显示风格 默认值 UIKeyboardearanceDefault@property(nonatomic) UIReturnKeyType returnKeyType; // default is UIReturnKeyDefault (See note under UIReturnKeyType enum)@property(nonatomic) BOOL enablesReturnKeyAutomatically; // 设定当本框没有输入内容时键盘得返回键是否可用@property(nonatomic,getter=isSecureTextEntry) BOOL secureTextEntry;       // 设定输入本是否要受到隐藏保护，默认为NO不保护，设定为YES，则本输入后为密码风格得保护@end

知识点7：secureTextEntry是设置是否显示成密码的形式，此属性并不在UITextField里面

知识点8：UIReturnKeyType（UITextInputTraits中）的枚举内容如下

    UIReturnKeyDefault      ;//默认灰色按钮，标有Return    UIReturnKeyGo ;//标有Go的蓝色按钮    UIReturnKeyGoogle       ;//标有Google的蓝色按钮，用语    UIReturnKeyJoin         ;//标有Join的蓝色按钮    UIReturnKeyNext         ;//标有Next的蓝色按钮    UIReturnKeyRoute        ;//标有Route的蓝色按钮    UIReturnKeySearch       ;//标有Search的蓝色按钮    UIReturnKeySend         ;//标有Send的蓝色按钮    UIReturnKeyYahoo        ;//标有Yahoo的蓝色按钮    UIReturnKeyYahoo        ;//标有Yahoo的蓝色按钮    UIReturnKeyEmergencyCall;//紧急呼叫按钮

知识点9：autocapitalizationType（UITextInputTraits中）首字母是否大写

    UITextAutocapitalizationTypeNone         ;//不自动大写    UITextAutocapitalizationTypeWords        ;//单词首字母大写    UITextAutocapitalizationTypeSentences    ;//句子的首字母大写    UITextAutocapitalizationTypeAllCharacters;//所有字母都大写

知识点10：keyboardearance（UITextInputTraits中）键盘外观

   UIKeyboardearanceDefault ;//默认外观，浅灰色   UIKeyboardearanceAlert   ;//深灰石墨色

知识点11：autocorrectionType（UITextInputTraits中）是否纠错

    UITextAutocorrectionTypeDefault ;   //默认    UITextAutocorrectionTypeNo      ;   //不自动纠错    UITextAutocorrectionTypeYes     ;   //自动纠错

知识点12：使本框在界面打开时就获取焦点，并弹出输入键盘：[myTextField becomeFirstResponder]; 使本框失去焦点，并收回键盘[myTextFieldresignfirstresponder]

键盘收起其它方式//方式 1:[[[UIlication sharedlication]keyWindow] endEditing:YES];//方式 2:[[UIlication sharedlication]sendAction:@selector(resignFirstResponder) to:nil from:nil forEvent:nil];//方式 3:[self.view endEditing:YES];

知识点13：因为UITextFiled是继承于UIControl,所以它也是有增加事件addTaget的效果

[myTextField addTarget:self action:@selector(textFieldDidChange:)//私有方法forControlEvents:UIControlEventEditingChanged];- (void)textFieldDidChange:(UITextField*)textField{//类似UIButton addTag..监听方法    NSLog(@"输入框内容=%@",textField.text);}

知识点14：关于UITextFiled的NotificaitonCenter监听

      UITextFieldTextDidBeginEditingNotification  ;//监听开始编辑      UITextFieldTextDidChangeNotification        ;//监听正在编辑      UITextFieldTextDidEndEditingNotification    ;//监听结束编辑

实例：NSNotificationCenter *center=[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter];        [center addObserver:self selector:@selector(texfFieldNotification:) name:UITextFieldTextDidChangeNotification object:nil];- (void)texfFieldNotification:(NSNotification*)noti{//私有方法    NSLog(@"输入款变化了");}当然记得在用后时移除通知；

知识点15：监听键盘出现,知晓键盘CGRect

- (void)efObserverKeyBoardShowAndHidde{    //注册键盘出现    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(keyBoardWasShow:) name:UIKeyboardWillShowNotification object:nil];    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(keyBoardWillBeHidden:) name:UIKeyboardWillHideNotification object:nil];}- (void)keyBoardWasShow:(NSNotification*)aNotification{    NSLog(@"键盘出现");    //键盘高度    //CGRect keyBoardFrame=[[[aNotification userInfo] objectForKey:UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey] CGRectValue];}-(void)keyBoardWillBeHidden:(NSNotification*)aNotification{    NSLog(@"键盘消失");}- (void)removeObserver{//移除所有通知    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter]removeObserver:self];}

三：UITextField定义的协议UITextFieldDelegate内容

@protocol UITextFieldDelegate <NSObject>@optional- (BOOL)textFieldShouldBeginEditing:(UITextField *)textField;        // 返回一个BOOL值，指定是否循序本字段开始编辑- (void)textFieldDidBeginEditing:(UITextField *)textField; // 开始编辑时触发，获得焦点时- (BOOL)textFieldShouldEndEditing:(UITextField *)textField; // 返回BOOL值，指定是否允许本字段结束编辑，当编辑结束后- (void)textFieldDidEndEditing:(UITextField *)textField; // 结束编辑- (BOOL)textField:(UITextField *)textField shouldChangeCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range replacementString:(NSString *)string;   // 用户不段的输入，可以控制达到某些条件，禁止输入- (BOOL)textFieldShouldClear:(UITextField *)textField; // 返回一个BOOL值指明是否满足什么条件清除内容- (BOOL)textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField; // 返回一个BOOL值，指明是否允许在按下回车键时结束编辑@end

知识点1：运用实例

//限定输入条件- (BOOL)textField:(UITextField *)textField shouldChangeCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range replacementString:(NSString *)string{    //得到输入框的内容    NSString * textString=[textField.text stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:range withString:string];    if ([string isEqualToString:@"\n"]) {        NSLog(@"回车");    }    if ([string isEqualToString:@""]) {        NSLog(@"后退");    }    if ([string isEqualToString:@" "]) {        NSLog(@"空格");        //return NO;//禁止空格输入    }    if (textString.length>4) {        NSLog(@"输入超过5位数");    }    //打印当前键盘输入模式,en-US,zh-Hans....    NSString *lang=[[UITextInputMode currentInputMode]primaryLanguage];    //ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789    //限制输入已知的字符    NSCharacterSet *cs=[[NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"0123456789\n"]invertedSet];    //按cs分离出数组,数组按@""分离出字符串    NSString *filtered=[[string componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:cs]componentsJoinedByString:@""];     BOOL canChange=[string isEqualToString:filtered];    return YES;}- (BOOL)textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField{//辞去职务    //主要是[receiver resignFirstResponder]在哪调用就能把receiver对应的键盘往下收    [textField resignFirstResponder];    return YES;}

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