网络2-AFNetworking和WebView

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网络2-AFNetworking和WebView

字数1803 阅读1547 评论2 喜欢9

1.AFNNetworking 2.0

你相信你一定知道AFNNetworking，不知道你还可以看看该作者的博文，所以我就不多说关于它的强大之处了，AFNetworking 提供了比NSURLSession更高层次的抽象，这篇文章主要总结AFNNetworking 2.0的几个常用方法。

1).GET和POST请求

GET:

- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)GET:(NSString *)URLString                   parameters:(id)parameters                      success:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id responseObject))success                      failure:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, NSError *error))failure

POST:

- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)POST:(NSString *)URLString                    parameters:(id)parameters                       success:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id responseObject))success                       failure:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, NSError *error))failure

在实际的开发中，我比较习惯把第三方的代码进行一层封装，如下我们把GET和POST请求封装起来：

//GET+ (void)getWithPath:(NSString *)path params:(NSDictionary *)params success:(HttpSuccessBlock)success failure:(HttpFailureBlock)failure{    [self requestWithPath:path params:params success:success failure:failure method:@"GET"];}//POST+ (void)postWithPath:(NSString *)path params:(NSDictionary *)params success:(HttpSuccessBlock)success failure:(HttpFailureBlock)failure{    [self requestWithPath:path params:params success:success failure:failure method:@"POST"];}

typedef void (^HttpSuccessBlock)(id JSON);typedef void (^HttpFailureBlock)(NSError *error);...省略+ (void)requestWithPath:(NSString *)path params:(NSDictionary *)params success:(HttpSuccessBlock)success failure:(HttpFailureBlock)failure method:(NSString *)method{    AFHTTPSessionManager *manager = [[AFHTTPSessionManager alloc] initWithBaseURL:[NSURL URLWithString:kBaseURL]];    manager.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];    manager.responseSerializer.acceptableContentTypes = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"text/plain",@"application/json", @"text/json", @"text/javascript", @"text/html", nil];    if ([method  isEqual: @"GET"]) {        [manager GET:path parameters:params success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id responseObject) {            success(responseObject);        } failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, NSError *error) {            NSLog(@"fail Get!!%@",error);            failure(error);        }];    }else if ([method isEqual:@"POST"]){        [manager POST:path parameters:params success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id responseObject) {            NSLog(@"POST成功:%@",responseObject);            success(responseObject);        } failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, NSError *error) {            NSLog(@"fail POST!!%@",error);            failure(error);        }];    }}

你有没有注意到上面我设置了如下代码：

manager.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];manager.responseSerializer.acceptableContentTypes = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"text/plain",@"application/json", @"text/json", @"text/javascript", @"text/html", nil];

因为AFNetworking的responseSerializer 属性只能默认只能处理特定的Content-Type，如果你想处理"text/html"等其它类型，你需要明确指定它的acceptableContentTypes。

2).多文件上传

如下，这是我写的第三方微博客户端中多图上传的实例代码：

[manager POST:@"2/statuses/upload.json"           parameters:@{@"access_token": accseeToken,                           @"status" : encodeStatus,                           @"visible" : @(_intVisible),                           @"lat" : @(_latitude),                           @"long" : @(_longtitude)}            constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {                NSMutableArray *images = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:weakSelf.images];                for (id asset in images) {                    NSData *data = nil;                    if ([asset isKindOfClass:[UIImage class]]) {                        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(asset, 0.4);                    }                    if ([asset isKindOfClass:ALAsset.class]) {                        UIImage *original = [UIImage imageWithCGImage: [[asset defaultRepresentation] fullScreenImage]];                        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(original, 0.4);                    }                    [formData appendPartWithFileData:data name:@"pic" fileName:@"pic.jpg" mimeType:@"multipart/form-data"];                }            } success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id responseObject) {                NSLog(@"发送成功");                [self back];            } failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, NSError *error) {                [self showFailHUD];            }];

3).多线程操作

如果你需要开启多个线程, 你需要使用AFHTTPRequestSerializer
，AFHTTPRequestOperation和NSOperationQueue

以下是AFNetworking的实例代码

NSMutableArray *mutableOperations = [NSMutableArray array];for (NSURL *fileURL in filesToUpload) {    NSURLRequest *request = [[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] multipartFormRequestWithMethod:@"POST" URLString:@"http://example.com/upload" parameters:nil constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {        [formData appendPartWithFileURL:fileURL name:@"images[]" error:nil];    }];    AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation = [[AFHTTPRequestOperation alloc] initWithRequest:request];    [mutableOperations addObject:operation];}NSArray *operations = [AFURLConnectionOperation batchOfRequestOperations:@[...] progressBlock:^(NSUInteger numberOfFinishedOperations, NSUInteger totalNumberOfOperations) {    NSLog(@"%lu of %lu complete", numberOfFinishedOperations, totalNumberOfOperations);} completionBlock:^(NSArray *operations) {    NSLog(@"All operations in batch complete");}];[[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperations:operations waitUntilFinished:NO];

3).网络状态检查

网络状态检查在早期都是通过苹果官方的Reachability类进行检查，但是这个类本身存在一些问题,并且官方后来没有再更新。我们可以直接使用AFNetworking框架检测。不管使用官方提供的类还是第三方框架，用法都是类似的，通常是发送一个URL然后去检测网络状态变化，网络改变后则调用相应的网络状态改变方法。如下：

-(void)alert:(NSString *)message{    UIAlertView *alertView=[[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"System Info" message:message delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"Cancel" otherButtonTitles: nil];    [alertView show];}-(void)checkNetworkStatus{    //创建一个用于测试的url    NSURL *url=[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.apple.com"];    AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *operationManager=[[AFHTTPRequestOperationManager alloc]initWithBaseURL:url];    //根据不同的网络状态改变去做相应处理    [operationManager.reachabilityManager setReachabilityStatusChangeBlock:^(AFNetworkReachabilityStatus status) {        switch (status) {            case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWWAN:                [self alert:@"2G/3G/4G Connection."];                break;            case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWiFi:                [self alert:@"WiFi Connection."];                break;            case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable:                [self alert:@"Network not found."];                break;            default:                [self alert:@"Unknown."];                break;        }    }];    //开始监控    [operationManager.reachabilityManager startMonitoring];}

2.UIWebView

UIWebView不仅能加载网络资源还可以加载本地资源，目前支持的常用的文档格式如：html、pdf、docx、txt等。

UIWebView整个使用相当简单：创建URL->创建请求->加载请求，无论是加载本地文件还是Web内容都是这三个步骤。UIWebView内容加载事件同样是通过代理通知外界，常用的代理方法如开始加载、加载完成、加载出错等，这些方法通常可以帮助开发者更好的控制请求加载过程。

加载资源：

- (void)loadRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request;

常用的属性和方法：

//重新加载(刷新) - (void)reload;//停⽌止加载    - (void)stopLoading;//回退     - (void)goBack;//前进    - (void)goForward;//需要进⾏检测的数据类型   @property(nonatomic) UIDataDetectorTypes dataDetectorTypes //是否能回退 @property(nonatomic,readonly,getter=canGoBack) BOOL canGoBack;//是否能前进 @property(nonatomic,readonly,getter=canGoForward) BOOL canGoForward; //是否正在加载中  @property(nonatomic,readonly,getter=isLoading) BOOL loading;//是否伸缩内容至适应屏幕当前尺寸 @property(nonatomic) BOOL scalesPageToFit;

遵守UIWebViewDelegate协议，监听UIWebView的加载过程：

//开始发送请求(加载数据)时调用:- (void)webViewDidStartLoad:(UIWebView *)webView;//请求完毕(加载数据完毕)时调⽤:- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView;//请求错误时调用:- (void)webView:(UIWebView *)webView didFailLoadWithError:(NSError *)error;//监听UIWebView的加载过程:- (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType;

下面是一个例子：

在storyBoard中拖入如下控件：

searchBar的代理方法：

-(void)searchBarSearchButtonClicked:(UISearchBar *)searchBar{    [self request:_searchBar.text];    [searchBar resignFirstResponder];}

加载searchBar中的请求：

-(void)request:(NSString *)urlStr{    //创建url    NSURL *url;    //如果file://开头的字符串则加载bundle中的文件    if([urlStr hasPrefix:kFILEPROTOCOL]){        //取得文件名        NSRange range= [urlStr rangeOfString:kFILEPROTOCOL];        NSString *fileName=[urlStr substringFromIndex:range.length];        url=[[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:fileName withExtension:nil];    }else if(urlStr.length>0){        //如果是http请求则直接打开网站        if ([urlStr hasPrefix:@"http"]) {            url=[NSURL URLWithString:urlStr];        }else{//如果不符合任何协议则进行搜索            urlStr=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"http://m.bing.com/search?q=%@",urlStr];        }        urlStr=[urlStr stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];//url编码        url=[NSURL URLWithString:urlStr];    }    //创建请求    NSURLRequest *request=[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];    //加载请求页面    [_webView loadRequest:request];}

WebView的代理方法：

-(void)webViewDidStartLoad:(UIWebView *)webView{    //显示网络请求加载    [UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible=true;}-(void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView{    //隐藏网络请求加载图标    [UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible=false;    //设置按钮状态    [self setBarButtonStatus];}-(void)webView:(UIWebView *)webView didFailLoadWithError:(NSError *)error{    NSLog(@"error detail:%@",error.localizedDescription);    UIAlertView *alert=[[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"系统提示" message:@"网络连接发生错误!" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:nil otherButtonTitles:@"确定", nil];    [alert show];}

设置前进后退按钮：

-(void)setBarButtonStatus{    if (_webView.canGoBack) {        _barButtonBack.enabled=YES;    }else{        _barButtonBack.enabled=NO;    }    if(_webView.canGoForward){        _barButtonForward.enabled=YES;    }else{        _barButtonForward.enabled=NO;    }}

运行结果如下：

你可以在这里下载到代码。

- (void)getAccessToken:(NSString *)requestToken{    [HttpTool postWithPath:@"oauth2/access_token" params:@{       @"client_id" : kAppKey,       @"client_secret" : kAppSecret,       @"grant_type" : @"authorization_code",       @"redirect_uri" : kRedirectURI,       @"code" : requestToken       } success:^(id JSON) {           // 保存账号信息           Account *account = [[Account alloc] init];           account.accessToken = JSON[@"access_token"];           account.uid = JSON[@"uid"];           [[AccountTool sharedAccountTool] saveAccount:account];           // 回到主页面           ViewController *main = [[ViewController alloc]init];           if (main) {               [self presentViewController:main animated:YES completion:nil];           }       } failure:^(NSError *error) {       }];}

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