我的liunx学习笔记之ldap网络帐号

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##############ldap网络帐号#############
1.ldap是什么
ldap目录服务认证，和windows活动目录类似，就是记录数据的一种方式

2.ldap客户端所须软件
yum sssd krb5-workstation -y

3.如何开启ldap用户认证
authconfig-tui

                       ┌────────────────┤ Authentication Configuration ├─────────────────┐
                       │                                                                 │
                       │  User Information        Authentication                         │
                       │  [ ] Cache Information   [ ] Use MD5 Passwords                  │
                       │  [*] Use LDAP            [*] Use Shadow Passwords               │
                       │  [ ] Use NIS             [ ] Use LDAP Authentication            │
                       │  [ ] Use IPAv2           [*] Use Kerberos                       │
                       │  [ ] Use Winbind         [ ] Use Fingerprint reader             │
                       │                          [ ] Use Winbind Authentication         │
                       │                          [*] Local authorization is sufficient  │
                       │                                                                 │
                       │            ┌────────┐                      ┌──────┐             │
                       │            │ Cancel │                      │ Next │             │
                       │            └────────┘                      └──────┘             │
                       │                                                                 │
                       │                                                                 │
                       └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                                                                                           


                              ┌─────────────────┤ LDAP Settings ├─────────────────┐
                              │                                                   │
                              │          [*] Use TLS                              │
                              │  Server: ldap://classroom.example.com/___________ │
                              │ Base DN: dc=example,dc=com_______________________ │
                              │                                                   │
                              │         ┌──────┐                ┌──────┐          │
                              │         │ Back │                │ Next │          │
                              │         └──────┘                └──────┘          │
                              │                                                   │
                              │                                                   │
                              └───────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                                                                                    



                           ┌─────────────────┤ Kerberos Settings ├──────────────────┐
                           │                                                        │
                           │        Realm: EXAMPLE.COM_____________________________ │
                           │          KDC: classroom.example.com___________________ │
                           │ Admin Server: classroom.example.com___________________ │
                           │               [ ] Use DNS to resolve hosts to realms   │
                           │               [ ] Use DNS to locate KDCs for realms    │
                           │                                                        │
                           │          ┌──────┐                    ┌────┐            │
                           │          │ Back │                    │ Ok │            │
                           │          └──────┘                    └────┘            │
                           │                                                        │
                           │                                                        │
                           └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                                                                                     
<当出现以下报错时>

                                 ┌────────────────┤ Warning ├─────────────────┐
                                 │                                            │
                                 │ To connect to a LDAP server with TLS       │
                                 │ protocol enabled you need a CA certificate │
                                 │ which signed your server's certificate.    │
                                 │ Copy the certificate in the PEM format to  │
                                 │ the '/etc/openldap/cacerts' directory.     │
                                 │ Then press OK.                             │
                                 │                                            │
                                 │                  ┌────┐                    │
                                 │                  │ Ok │                    │
                                 │                  └────┘                    │
                                 │                                            │
                                 │                                            │
                                 └────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                                                                                
时因为tls的证书缺失，需要到服务器端下载所需要的证书到/etc/openldap/cacerts，
用到的命令
wget http://172.25.254.254/pub/example-ca.crt

<测试>
getent passwd ldapuser1
如果用户信息可以正常显示，证明客户端认成功。

4.自动挂载用户家目录
yum install autofs -y
vim /etc/autofs.master
/home/guests    /etc/auto.ldap

vim /etc/auto.ldap
ldapuser1    172.25.254.254:/home/guests/ldapuser1
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
*        172.25.254.254:/home/guests/&

systemctl restart autofs                                







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###################vsftpd服务###########################################
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1.什么时ftp

2.安装ftp

yum install vsftpd  -y
systemctl start vsftpd
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl enable vsftpd
setenforce 0
lftp ip                ##能登陆并且显示，表示安装成功
3.vsftpd文件信息
/var/ftp        ##默认发布目录
/etc/vsftpd        ##配置目录

4.vsftpd服务的配置参数
1）匿名用户设定
anonymous_enable=YES|NO        ##匿名用户登陆限制

#<匿名用户上传>
vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
write_enable=YES
anon_upload_enable=YES
chgrp ftp /var/ftp/pub
chmod 775 /var/ftp/pub

#<匿名用户家目录修改>
anon_root=/direcotry

#<匿名用户上传文件默认权限修改>
anon_umask=xxx

#<匿名用户建立目录>
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES|NO

#<匿名用户下载>
anon_world_readable_only=YES|NO ##设定参数值为no表示匿名用户可以下载

#<匿名用户删除>
anon_other_write_enable=YES|NO    

#<匿名用户使用的用户身份修改>
chown_uploads=YES
chown_username=student

#<最大上传速率>
anon_max_rate=102400

#<最大链接数>
max_clients=2

2)本地用户设定
local_enable=YES|NO        ##本地用户登陆限制
write_enable=YES|NO        ##本地用户写权限限制

#<本地用户家目录修改>
local_root=/directory

#<本地用户上传文件权限>
local_umask=xxx

#<限制本地用户浏览/目录>
所有用户被锁定到自己的家目录中
chroot_local_user=YES
chmod u-w /home/*

用户黑名单建立
chroot_local_user=NO
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list


用户白名单建立
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

#<限制本地用户登陆>
vim /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers        ##用户黑名单
vim /etc/vsftpd/user_list        ##用户临时黑名单

用户白名单设定
userlist_deny=NO
/etc/vsftpd/user_list            ##参数设定，此文件变成用户白名单，只在名单中出现的用户可以登陆ftp



#<ftp虚拟用户的设定>
创建虚拟帐号身份)
vim /etc/vsftpd/loginusers    ##文件名称任意
ftpuser1
123
ftpuser2
123
ftpuser3
123

db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/loginusers loginusers.db

vim /etc/pam.d/ckvsftpd        ##文件名称任意
account        required    pam_userdb.so    db=/etc/vsftpd/loginusers
auth        required    pam_userdb.so    db=/etc/vsftpd/loginusers

vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
pam_service_name=ckvsftpd
guest_enable=YES

虚拟帐号身份指定）
guest_username=ftpuser
chmod u-w /home/ftpuser

虚拟帐号家目录独立设定）
vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
local_root=/ftpuserhome/$USER
user_sub_token=$USER

mkdir /ftpuserhome
chgrp ftpuser /ftpuserhome
chmod g+s /ftpuserhome
mkdir /ftpuserhome/ftpuser{1..3}


虚拟帐号配置独立）
vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/userconf
mkdir -p /etc/vsftpd/userconf

vim /etc/vsftpd/userconf/ftpuser1
在此文件中设定配置文件中的所有参数，此文件的优先级搞