【Python基础】--变量和字符串/猜数字/range()/Isinstance/list[]/tupple()

变量和字符串

>>> name = 'wuyq'>>> name'wuyq'>>> print(name)wuyq>>> print('name = %s', % name)SyntaxError: invalid syntax>>> print('name = %s' % name)name = wuyq>>> print('name = %s',  name)name = %s wuyq>>> 

>>> first = 3>>> second = 5>>> third = first + second>>> third8>>> 3+47>>> '2'+'4''24'>>> first3>>> str1 = 'Let\'s go!'>>> str1"Let's go!">>> str2 = "c:\\day01">>> str2'c:\\day01'>>> print(str2)c:\day01>>> str2 = 'c:\now'>>> str2'c:\now'>>> print(str2)c:ow>>> str2 = r'c:\now'>>> str2'c:\\now'>>> print(str2)c:\now>>> 

猜数字小游戏

import randomsecret = random.randint(1, 10)temp = input("inut guess num[1-10]:")guess = int(temp)while guess != secret:    if guess == secret:        print(" wa, cai zhong le ")        break    else:        if guess > secret:            print("da le da le ")        else:            print("xiao le")    temp = input("inut guess num[1-10]:")    guess = int(temp)print("game over ")

Range()

range(a, b)返回的是所有大于等于a，小于b的整数构成的数组

－比如range(2, 3)返回数组[2]，range(2, 4)返回数组[2, 3]

 

 －另外，range()也可以接收1个和3个参数

 

  1个参数代表返回0到这个参数(不包括该参数)之间的值，如range(3) = [0, 1, 2]

 

   3个参数中的第三个代表步长，即间隔， 如range(1, 8, 2) = [1, 3, 5, 7]

Isinstance

>>> a = 'wuyq'>>> isinstance(str, a)Traceback (most recent call last):  File "<pyshell#170>", line 1, in <module>    isinstance(str, a)TypeError: isinstance() arg 2 must be a type or tuple of types>>> isinstance(a, str)True>>> 

列表list[]

>>> member = ['wuyq', 'zhang', 'wang', 'cheng']>>> member['wuyq', 'zhang', 'wang', 'cheng']>>> number = [1, 2, 3, 4]>>> number[1, 2, 3, 4]>>> mix = [12, 3.12, 'wuyq', [1, 3, 4], 'haha']>>> mix[12, 3.12, 'wuyq', [1, 3, 4], 'haha']>>> mix[3][1, 3, 4]>>> empty = []>>> empty[]>>> member.append('nihao')>>> member['wuyq', 'zhang', 'wang', 'cheng', 'nihao']>>> len(member)5>>> member.extend(['one', 'two'])>>> len(member)7>>> member.insert(1, 'second')>>> member['wuyq', 'second', 'zhang', 'wang', 'cheng', 'nihao', 'one', 'two']>>> len(member)8>>> 

>>> member = ['wuyq', 'zhang', 'wang']>>> member['wuyq', 'zhang', 'wang']>>> member.remove('zhang')>>> member['wuyq', 'wang']>>> del member[1]>>> member['wuyq']>>> 

>>> member = ['wuyq', 'zhang', 'wang', 'liu']>>> member.pop()'liu'>>> member['wuyq', 'zhang', 'wang']>>> name = member.pop()>>> name'wang'>>> member['wuyq', 'zhang']>>> member.pop(1)'zhang'>>> member['wuyq']>>> 

>>> member = ['wuyq', 'zhang', 'wang', 'liu', 'haha']>>> member[1:3]['zhang', 'wang']>>> member[1:-2]['zhang', 'wang']>>> member['wuyq', 'zhang', 'wang', 'liu', 'haha']>>> member2 = member[:]>>> member2['wuyq', 'zhang', 'wang', 'liu', 'haha']>>> 

>>> number = [1, 3, 4, 5, 12 , 1, 3, 4]>>> number.count(3)2>>> number.index(4)2>>> number.index(1, 2, 7)5>>> number.reverse()>>> number[4, 3, 1, 12, 5, 4, 3, 1]>>> number.sort()>>> number[1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 12]>>> number2 = number[:]>>> number2[1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 12]>>> number3 = number>>> number2[1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 12]>>> number3[1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 12]>>> number.reverse()>>> number[12, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 1, 1]>>> number2[1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 12]>>> number3[12, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 1, 1]>>> 

元组tuple()

元组是另一个数据类型，类似于List（列表）。

元组用"()"标识。内部元素用逗号隔开。但是元组不能二次赋值，相当于只读列表。

>>> tuple1 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)>>> tuple1(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)>>> tuple1[2]3>>> tuple1[2:5](3, 4, 5)>>> tuple2 = tuple1>>> tuple2(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)>>> tuple2[3] = 12Traceback (most recent call last):  File "<pyshell#138>", line 1, in <module>    tuple2[3] = 12TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment>>> tmp = (1)>>> tmp1>>> type(tmp)<class 'int'>>>> tmp2 = 2, 3, 4>>> type(tmp2)<class 'tuple'>>>> list1 = []>>> type(list1)<class 'list'>>>> tmp3 = ()>>> type(tmp3)<class 'tuple'>>>> tmp4 = (2, )>>> type(tmp4)<class 'tuple'>>>> 

>>> tmp = ('wuyq', 'zhang', 'wuang', )>>> tmp = ('wuyq', 'zhang', 'wuang', 'xiao', 'python', 'cpp')>>> tmp('wuyq', 'zhang', 'wuang', 'xiao', 'python', 'cpp')>>> tmp = tmp[:2] + 'java' + tmp[2:]Traceback (most recent call last):  File "<pyshell#153>", line 1, in <module>    tmp = tmp[:2] + 'java' + tmp[2:]TypeError: can only concatenate tuple (not "str") to tuple>>> tmp = tmp[:2] + ('java',) + tmp[2:]>>> tmp('wuyq', 'zhang', 'java', 'wuang', 'xiao', 'python', 'cpp')>>>