Socket.IO学习之基础入门
来源:互联网 发布:淘宝66大促 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/05/21 01:48
这里贴出Socket.IO官网
一.Socket.IO的介绍
Socket.IO支持及时、双向与基于事件的交流。它可以在每个平台、每个浏览器和每个设备上工作,可靠性和速度同样稳定。
- 实时分析:将数据推送到客户端,这些客户端会被表示为实时计数器,图表或日志客户。
- 实时通信和聊天:只需几行代码便可写成一个Socket.IO的”Hello,World”聊天应用。
- 二进制流传输:从1.0版本开始,Socket.IO支持任何形式的二进制文件传输,例如:图片,视频,音频等。
- 文档合并:允许多个用户同时编辑一个文档,并且能够看到每个用户做出的修改。
官方上提供了三个demo:多人聊天室、多人玩游戏、远程控制电脑。大家可以去官网试一试。
二.写一个聊天应用
在这个教程中,我们将创建一个基本的聊天应用,它基本不需要你拥有一点的Node.js或者Socket.IO的知识,所以它适合所有级别的开发者。
1.介绍:
使用流行的web应用程序栈,例如LAMP (PHP)
,写一个聊天应用是非常困难的。它会涉及到轮询服务器的更改,跟踪时间戳,并且它运行的比较慢。
套接字通常支撑着大多数实时聊天系统的架构,提供了在服务器和客户端之间双向通信的通道。
这意味着服务器可以向客户端推送消息,无论你何时写一个聊天消息,主意就是服务器将会得到这个消息,并将这个消息推送给连接到服务器的其他客户端。
2.web框架
第一步是搭建一个简单的HTML网页,该网页提供了一个表单和一系列消息。我们将使用Node.js
的web框架Express
,确保Node.js
已经被安装了。
首先创建一个package.json
文件,来描述我们的工程,我建议你把它放在一个空的目录中(我叫它chat-example
),
<code class="hljs json has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">{ "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"socket-chat-example"</span></span>, "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">version</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"1.0.0"</span></span>, "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">description</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"my first socket.io app"</span></span>, "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">main</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"index.js"</span></span>, "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">scripts</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{ "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">test</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"start index.js"</span> </span>}</span>, "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">author</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">""</span></span>, "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">license</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ISC"</span></span>}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul>
现在,为了将我们需要的东西安装在依赖项中,我们使用这个命令:
<code class="hljs brainfuck has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">npm</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">install</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">save</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
现在,我们安装一下Express
:
<code class="hljs brainfuck has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">$</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">npm</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">install</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">save</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">express</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
既然express
已经被安装好了,我们可以创建一个index.js
文件来来设置应用。
<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> app = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'express'</span>)();<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> http = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'http'</span>).Server(app);app.get(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'/'</span>, <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(req, res)</span>{</span> res.send(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'<h1>Hello world</h1>'</span>);});http.listen(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3000</span>, <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span> console.log(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'listening on *:3000'</span>);});</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul>
这将会做三件事件:
- Express将
app
初始化成一个函数处理器,你可以将其提供给一个HTTP服务器(看第二行) - 我们定义一个路由处理器,当我们访问网站主页时,这个处理器就会被调用。
- 我们让这个http服务器监听3000端口。
如果你运行node index.js
,你会看到下面的图示:
3.提供HTML
到目前为止,在index.js
文件中,我们调用了res.send()
这个方法,并将HTML类型的字符串传递给它。如果把整个应用的HTML放在那儿的话,我们的代码看起来会非常奇怪。相反,我们将会创建一个index.html
文件,并提供它。
我们使用sendFile()
方法来重构路由处理器:
<code class="hljs actionscript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">app.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">get</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'/'</span>, <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(req, res)</span>{</span> res.sendFile(__dirname + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'/index.html'</span>);});</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
使用以下的代码来填写index.html
文件:
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-doctype" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><!doctype html></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">html</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">head</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">title</span>></span>Socket.IO chat<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">title</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span>></span><span class="css" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> * <span class="hljs-rules" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{ <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">margin</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">0</span></span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">padding</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">0</span></span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">box-sizing</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> border-box</span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;">}</span></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">body</span> <span class="hljs-rules" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{ <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">font</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">13</span>px Helvetica, Arial</span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;">}</span></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">form</span> <span class="hljs-rules" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{ <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">background</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-hexcolor" style="box-sizing: border-box;">#000</span></span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">padding</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>px</span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">position</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> fixed</span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">bottom</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">0</span></span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">width</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">100</span>%</span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;">}</span></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">form</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">input</span> <span class="hljs-rules" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{ <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">border</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">0</span></span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">padding</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>px</span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">width</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">90</span>%</span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">margin-right</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> .<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>%</span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;">}</span></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">form</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">button</span> <span class="hljs-rules" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{ <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">width</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">9</span>%</span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">background</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;">rgb(<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">130</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">224</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">255</span>)</span></span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">border</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> none</span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">padding</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>px</span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;">}</span></span> <span class="hljs-id" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(155, 112, 63);">#messages</span> <span class="hljs-rules" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{ <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">list-style-type</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> none</span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">margin</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">0</span></span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">padding</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">0</span></span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;">}</span></span> <span class="hljs-id" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(155, 112, 63);">#messages</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">li</span> <span class="hljs-rules" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{ <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">padding</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>px <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>px</span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;">}</span></span> <span class="hljs-id" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(155, 112, 63);">#messages</span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">li</span><span class="hljs-pseudo" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">:nth-child(odd)</span> <span class="hljs-rules" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{ <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">background</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"> <span class="hljs-hexcolor" style="box-sizing: border-box;">#eee</span></span></span>; <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;">}</span></span> </span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">style</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">head</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">body</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">ul</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"messages"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">ul</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">form</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">action</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">""</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">input</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"m"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">autocomplete</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"off"</span> /></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">button</span>></span>Send<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">button</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">form</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">body</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">html</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li></ul>
如果你重启这个进程,然后重新刷新页面,看起来是这样的:
4.集成Socket.IO
Socket.IO由两部分构成:
socket.io
:一个服务器,集成了Node.JS的HTTP
服务器socket.io-client
:一个客户端库,在浏览器端加载
在开发期间,socket.io
会自动为我们提供客户端,所以现在我们只需安装一个模块:
<code class="hljs brainfuck has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">npm</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">install</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">-</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">save</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">socket</span><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">.</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">io</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
这个命令会安装socket.io
模块,并将依赖项添加到package.json
文件中,现在我们在index.js
添加一些代码:
<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> app = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'express'</span>)();<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> http = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'http'</span>).Server(app);<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> io = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">require</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'socket.io'</span>)(http);app.get(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'/'</span>, <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(req, res)</span>{</span> res.sendfile(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'index.html'</span>);});io.on(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'connection'</span>, <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(socket)</span>{</span> console.log(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'a user connected'</span>);});http.listen(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3000</span>, <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span> console.log(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'listening on *:3000'</span>);});</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li></ul>
注意到,我传递了一个http(HTTP Server)
对象来创建一个新的socket.io
实例,然后,为即将来到的套接字监听connection
事件,我会将其打印到控制台中。
现在,我在index.html
文件中,在</body>
之前添加了以下的代码段:
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">src</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"/socket.io/socket.io.js"</span>></span><span class="javascript" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span><span class="javascript" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> socket = io();</span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>
上面的代码段会加载socket.io-client
,它暴露了io
这个全局变量,然后进行连接。
注意到,我在调用io()
的时候,并没有声明任何URL,因为它默认是尝试连接提供网页的主机。
如果你现在重新加载服务器和网页,你会发现控制台会打印“a user connected”
。尽力打开几个标签,你会发现控制台会打印出多个消息。
每个socket也会发射特殊的disconnect
事件:
<code class="hljs matlab has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-transposed_variable" style="box-sizing: border-box;">io.</span>on(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'connection'</span>, <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(socket)</span>{</span> <span class="hljs-transposed_variable" style="box-sizing: border-box;">console.</span><span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'a user connected'</span>); <span class="hljs-transposed_variable" style="box-sizing: border-box;">socket.</span>on(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'disconnect'</span>, <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span> <span class="hljs-transposed_variable" style="box-sizing: border-box;">console.</span><span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'user disconnected'</span>); });});</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
如果你多次刷新一个标签的话,你会马上看到:
5.发射事件
Socket.IO
背后的思想是你可以发射和接收你想要的任何事件,携带你想要的任何数据。任何能够被转换成JSON的对象都能这样做,包括二进制数据。
让我们实现一个效果,当用户输入一条消息时,服务器会把它当作是一个chat message
事件,index.html
中script
(脚本)部分应当是这样了:
在index.js
中,我们打印出chat message
事件:
<code class="hljs lua has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">io</span>.on(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'connection'</span>, <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(socket)</span></span>{ socket.on(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'chat message'</span>, <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(msg)</span></span>{ console.log(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'message: '</span> + msg); });});</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
6.广播
接下来我们打算使用服务器来向其他的客户端发射事件,为了能够向每个人都发射事件,Socket.IO为我们提供了io.emit()
方法:
<code class="hljs lua has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">io</span>.emit(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'some event'</span>, { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span>: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'everyone'</span> });</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
如果你想要发送消息给每个人,除了某个特定的套接字,我们有broadcast
标识:
<code class="hljs lua has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">io</span>.on(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'connection'</span>, <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(socket)</span></span>{ socket.broadcast.emit(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'hi'</span>);});</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
这个例子中,为了简洁性,我们将把消息发送给任何人,包括发送的客户端:
<code class="hljs lua has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">io</span>.on(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'connection'</span>, <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(socket)</span></span>{ socket.on(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'chat message'</span>, <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(msg)</span></span>{ <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">io</span>.emit(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'chat message'</span>, msg); });});</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
在客户端,当捕获到chat message
事件的时候,我们会将它展示在页面上,整个客户端的JavaScript代码如下面所示:
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span><span class="javascript" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> socket = io(); $(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'form'</span>).submit(<span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span>{</span> socket.emit(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'chat message'</span>, $(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'#m'</span>).val()); $(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'#m'</span>).val(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">''</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>; }); socket.on(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'chat message'</span>, <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(msg)</span>{</span> $(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'#messages'</span>).append($(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'<li>'</span>).text(msg)); });</span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul>
至此,我们的聊天应用已经完成了,大约20多行代码。
你可以在这里获得源代码。
<code class="hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$ </span>git clone <span class="hljs-symbol" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">https:</span>/<span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/github.com/guille</span><span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/chat-example.git</span></code>
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