Handler、Looper、Message、MessageQune之间的原理

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说到sendMessage,开发中用的比较多,是Handler的方法,而Handler的机制,在整个Android系统中的应用非常广泛,当然,也是面试中经常问到的知识点,过一过源码,在此梳理下,

首先,一般使用Handler代码是这样的,如下:

   Handler handler = new Handler(){      public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {          Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, (String)msg.obj, 0).show();      }  };   //发送消息   handler.sendMessage(msg);

那么,整个机制的具体流程是怎样的呢?先看下Handler

Handler.java

     public Handler() {        this(null, false);     }
    public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {        //...省略...        mLooper = Looper.myLooper();        if (mLooper == null) {            throw new RuntimeException("Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");        }        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;        mCallback = callback;     mAsynchronous = async;    }

我们经常使用Handler的默认构造函数,创建Handler对象,默认构造函数内,会调用带参数的构造函数,显然 ,这里的callbcak,mCallback为null,asyn,mAsynchronous

为false,Looper的myLooper方法执行后,mLooper初始化完成,这里,可以从mLooper中获取对应的一个mQueue,也就是MessageQune

下面,就来了解下Looper的创建

1.Looper的创建:

Looper.java

    private static Looper sMainLooper;    public static void prepareMainLooper() {        prepare(false);        synchronized (Looper.class) {            if (sMainLooper != null) {                throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");            }            sMainLooper = myLooper();        }    }     public static void prepare() {        prepare(true);    }   public static Looper myLooper() { return sThreadLocal.get(); }    private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {        if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {            throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");        }        sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));    }    private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {    mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);    mThread = Thread.currentThread();    }

看完这段,大致了解到,上面Handler的构造方法中,调用LoopermyLooper()方法来获取Looper对象,myLooper()内部关系到sThreadLocal变量,通过get()方法得到Looper。同

时,我们发现在prepare(quitAllowed)的方法内部,sThreadLocal通过set设置了新的Looper实例来保存,这样,我们知道了sThreadLocal实际上是用来存储Looper对象的,并且是一

个线程只能对应一个Looper,如下:

    // sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare().    static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();

注释的含义大致是,只有我们调用了prepare()方法,sThreadLocal才会返回Looper对象,否则为null。那么,我们可以这样理解,prepare()的调用,能够创建Looper对象,同时创

建了mQueueMessageQune对象),而其内部调用prepare(quitAllowed)prepareMainLooper也调用了prepare(quitAllowed),而且,prepare()prepareMainLooper()全部是public

static 修饰的,这说明,它们是专门供外部来调用从而获取Looper对象的。事实果真是如此吗?先来看下,省略部分无关代码,如下:

ActivityThread.java

    public static void main(String[] args) {        //...        Looper.prepareMainLooper();        //...        Looper.loop();        //...    }

的确,在ActivityThreadmain方法执行了prepareMainLooper()loop()也被执行,而main方法是系统调用,同时,也就是说,系统预先帮我们创建好了Looper对象,并且开

启轮询。至于prepare(),也有用到,我们可以在子线程中使用Looper.prepare()Looper.loop(),创建自己的Looper。记住,一定要先prepare,要知道,巧妇难成无米之炊,

体会下吧。到此,Looper的创建过程以及基本了解

接着来看loop()是内部是如何的

2.Looper的轮询:

    public static void loop() {        final Looper me = myLooper();        if (me == null) {            throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");        }        final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;        //...        for (;;) {            Message msg = queue.next(); // might block            if (msg == null) {                return;            }            //...            msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);            //...            msg.recycleUnchecked();        }    }

我们注意到loop()的内部,先是获取到Looper对象,通过Looper得到对应的MessageQune,也就是mQueue

接下来是无限的循环,不断的从mQueue消息队列中取消息,如果没有取到,消息为null,不再向下执行,继续循环取,一旦取到Message,就会通过Messagetarget,派发

消息,之后对已派发的Message进行回收

target实际上就是Handler,后面还会看到,在此说明下

关于消息的回收,是对消息的相关参数进行出厂设置,也就是,将参数设置为null或者0,但是,消息对象还在,没有销毁,可以重复利用,这点也可以从Messageobtain()

法验证

好了,经过上面两个步骤,我们的Looper创建好了,也开始工作了,尽管是系统帮忙的,但是我们可以发消息了,继续看Message的发送过程

3.Handler发送消息到MessageQune:

    public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg){        return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);    }    public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis){        if (delayMillis < 0) {            delayMillis = 0;        }        return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);    }    public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {        MessageQueue queue = mQueue;        if (queue == null) {            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(                    this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");            Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);            return false;        }        return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);    }

以上的过程是在Handler中完成的,消息发出后可以根据返回值,判断是否发送成功,继续看

    private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {        msg.target = this;        //...        return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);    }

这里是上面提到的target,是this,就是当前Handler对象,也就是说,Handler发送消息时,绑定了自己,为什么绑定自己呢?这跟谁污染谁治理的原则是一样的,当然,没那

么严重,是谁发送消息,就是谁处理消息,始终唯一

接下俩,就是将Messager进行编队,入列的过程

4.MessageQueueMessage入列:

MessageQueue.java

    boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {        if (msg.target == null) {            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");        }        if (msg.isInUse()) {            throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");        }        synchronized (this) {            if (mQuitting) {                IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(                        msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");                Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);                msg.recycle();                return false;            }            msg.markInUse();            msg.when = when;            Message p = mMessages;            boolean needWake;            if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {                // New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.                msg.next = p;                mMessages = msg;                needWake = mBlocked;            } else {                // Inserted within the middle of the queue.  Usually we don't have to wake                // up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue                // and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.                needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();                Message prev;                for (;;) {                    prev = p;                    p = p.next;                    if (p == null || when < p.when) {                        break;                    }                    if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {                        needWake = false;                    }                }                msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next                prev.next = msg;            }            // We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.            if (needWake) {                nativeWake(mPtr);            }        }        return true;    }
可以看到,内部有个无限循环,为什么要无限循环呢?因为MessageQune是很被动的,它不知道什么时候会有消息要加入,才会不断循环,只要有Message消息进来,就会将

Message进行编队,没有就跳出循环。接下来,终于等到派发Message消息,如下:Message的消息分发到Handler

msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);

这句代码是在loop()中执行的,为了说明,最终Message是派发给当初负责发送它的Handler对象的,有点物归原主的含义,可以体会下

下面,看Handler如何回调handMessage

5.Handler回调方法处理消息:

Handler.java

    /**     * Handle system messages here.     */    public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {        if (msg.callback != null) {            handleCallback(msg);        } else {            if (mCallback != null) {                if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {                    return;                }            }            handleMessage(msg);        }    }

Handler对象创建时,mCallBacknullcallBack也为null,消息派发后,就调用handMessage方法,

文章开头,重写的handMessage方法

    Handler handler = new Handler(){      public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {          Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, (String)msg.obj, 0).show();      }    };

经过上面的几个过程,handMessage方法被调用,吐司最终展示在UI界面上

好啦,以上就是HandlerLooperMessageQueue之间的关系描述,收拾下,吃饭了...


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