Android与ReactNative下使用OData进行数据访问
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Android与ReactNative下使用OData进行数据访问
1.OData定义
Open Data Protocol （开放数据协议，OData）是用来查询和更新数据的一种Web协议，其提供了把存在于应用程序中的数据暴露出来的方式。OData运用且构建于很多 Web技术之上，比如HTTP、Atom Publishing Protocol（AtomPub）和JSON，提供了从各种应用程序、服务和存储库中访问信息的能力。OData被用来从各种数据源中暴露和访问信息， 这些数据源包括但不限于：关系数据库、文件系统、内容管理系统和传统Web站点。2.Android下使用OData
1.创建Android应用
2.封装一个OkHttp请求的工具类
封装一个Http请求是每个网络请求必经的一个步骤，在Android4.4版本之后开始谷歌开始普及OkHttp，创建Android应用后，工程自动导入Okhttp的jar包。代码如下
public class OkHttpUtil { public final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder() .readTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS) .connectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) .writeTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS) .build(); //设置各种超时时间 public static final MediaType JSON = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"); /** * OKHttp get请求 * @param url * @return */ public Response get(String url, Request.Builder builder){ builder.url(url); final Request request = builder.build(); Response response = null; try { response = client.newCall(request).execute(); System.out.println("===="+response.code()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return response; } /** * OKHttp post 请求 * @param url * @param json * @return */ public Response post (String url, String json){ RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(JSON, json); //创建一个请求对象 Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .header("Content-Type","application/json") .post(requestBody) .build(); Response response = null; try { response = client.newCall(request).execute(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return response; } /** * OkHttp put请求 * @param uploadUrl * @return * @throws IOException */ public Response put(Request.Builder builder, String uploadUrl, String json) throws IOException { builder.url(uploadUrl); RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(JSON, json); builder.put(body); final Request request = builder.build(); Response response = client.newCall(request).execute(); return response; } /** * OkHttp delete请求 * @param url * @return * @throws IOException */ public Response delete( String url) throws IOException { Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .delete() .header("Content-Type","application/json") .build(); Response response = null; try { response = client.newCall(request).execute(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return response; }}3.创建一个请求接口管理类
接口统一管理类本身不难理解，该项目是测试Demo，所用的接口地址是在OData官网上找到的，上面还有一些其他的操作接口，OData官网测试接口地址：http://www.odata.org/odata-services/打开后是这样样子
由于是测试地址，那么增删改查操作会对数据产生影响，OData要求每个用户获取测试所用的key，获取key的具体操作如下：
OData语法规则请参考：https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/alexj/2009/11/18/tip-44-how-to-navigate-an-odata-compliant-service/
接口管理类代码如下：
public class UrlService { //查询所有 public String GetAllURL = "http://services.odata.org/TripPinRESTierService/(S(ttgxui24dxjyngne0nkqgyqi))/People"; //条件查询 public String GetOneByKey = "http://services.odata.org/TripPinRESTierService/(S(ttgxui24dxjyngne0nkqgyqi))/People?$filter=FirstName eq 'Lewis'"; //查询某一个属性 public String GetOneAtt = "http://services.odata.org/TripPinRESTierService/Airports('KSFO')/Name "; //添加 public String ADDURL = "http://services.odata.org/TripPinRESTierService/(S(ttgxui24dxjyngne0nkqgyqi))/People"; //删除 public String DeleteURL = "http://services.odata.org/TripPinRESTierService/(S(ttgxui24dxjyngne0nkqgyqi))/People('aaa')"; //更新 public String PutURL = "http://services.odata.org/TripPinRESTierService/(S(ttgxui24dxjyngne0nkqgyqi))/People('aaa')";}4.创建一个请求管理类
创建该管理的目的是为了统一处理请求头及响应（本项目并没有用到），因为之前的项目里有一些请求的批处理操作，所以封装了这么一个管理类，就本项目而言可以不用。代码如下：
public class ApiService { OkHttpUtil okHttpUtil = new OkHttpUtil(); public Response read(String url) throws IOException { Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder(); requestHeaders(builder); return okHttpUtil.get(url,builder); } public Response create(String url, String json) throws IOException { return okHttpUtil.post(url,json); } public Response update(String uploadUrl, String json) throws IOException { Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder(); requestHeaders(builder); return okHttpUtil.put(builder,uploadUrl,json); } public Response delete(String url) throws IOException { return okHttpUtil.delete(url); } public String handleResponse(Response response) throws IOException { if (response.code()==200){ System.out.println("Succeed"+response.body().string()); return response.body().string(); }else { return ""; } } public Request.Builder requestHeaders(Request.Builder builder){ builder.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json"); return builder; }}5.创建一个MainActivity
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener { public Button btnQueryByKey,btnPost,btnPut,btnDelete,btnQueryAll,btnQueryOneAttribute; public Response response; public UrlService urlService = new UrlService(); public String url; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); init(); } private void init() { btnPost = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnPost); btnPut = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnPut); btnDelete = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnDelete); btnQueryAll = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnQueryAll); btnQueryByKey = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnQueryByKey); btnQueryOneAttribute = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnQueryOneAttribute); btnQueryOneAttribute.setOnClickListener(this); btnQueryAll.setOnClickListener(this); btnQueryByKey.setOnClickListener(this); btnPost.setOnClickListener(this); btnPut.setOnClickListener(this); btnDelete.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override public void onClick(View view) { switch (view.getId()){ case R.id.btnQueryOneAttribute: url = urlService.GetOneAtt; GetRequest getOneAttributeRequest = new GetRequest(MainActivity.this,url); getOneAttributeRequest.execute(); break; case R.id.btnQueryAll: url = urlService.GetAllURL; GetRequest getAllRequest = new GetRequest(MainActivity.this,url); getAllRequest.execute(); break; case R.id.btnQueryByKey : url = urlService.GetOneByKey; GetRequest getByKeyRequest = new GetRequest(MainActivity.this,url); getByKeyRequest.execute(); break; case R.id.btnPost: url = urlService.ADDURL; PostRequest postRequest = new PostRequest(MainActivity.this,url); postRequest.execute(); break; case R.id.btnPut: url = urlService.PutURL; PutRequest putRequest = new PutRequest(MainActivity.this,url); putRequest.execute(); break; case R.id.btnDelete: url = urlService.DeleteURL; DeleteRequest deleteRequest = new DeleteRequest(MainActivity.this,url); deleteRequest.execute(); break; } }}6.创建展示结果的Activity
public class ResultActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_result); init(); } private void init() { Intent intent = getIntent(); String value = intent.getStringExtra("testIntent"); TextView tvBack = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvBack); tvBack.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { ResultActivity.this.finish(); } }); TextView tvResult = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvResult); tvResult.setText(value); }}7.结果展示
3.ReactNative下使用OData
1.创建ReactNative应用
2.封装Fetch请求工具类
var HTTPUtil = {}; import { ToastAndroid} from 'react-native';/** * 基于 fetch 封装的 GET请求 * @param url * @param params {} * @param headers * @returns {Promise} */ HTTPUtil.get = function(url) { return new Promise( function (resolve, reject) { fetch(url, { method: 'GET', }).then( (response) => { return response; }) .then((response) => { resolve(response); }) .catch((err)=> { reject({status:-1}); }) }) } /** * 基于 fetch 封装的 POST请求 FormData 表单数据 * @param url * @param formData * @param headers * @returns {Promise} */ HTTPUtil.post = function(url, formData) { return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { fetch(url, { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Accept': 'application/json', 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, body: JSON.stringify(formData) }) .then((response) => { return response; }) .then((response) => { resolve(response); }) .catch((err)=> { reject({status:-1}); }) }) }/** * 基于 fetch 封装的 POST请求 Json文件数据 * @param url * @param data * @param callback * @returns {Promise} */ HTTPUtil.postJson = function(url, data) { var fetchOptions = { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Accept': 'application/json', 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, body: JSON.stringify(data) }; fetch(url, fetchOptions) .then((response) =>{ return response; }).done(); } /** * 基于 fetch 封装的 PUT请求 Json文件数据 * @param url * @param data * @param callback * @returns {Promise} */ HTTPUtil.putJson = function(url, data) { return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { fetch(url, { method: 'PUT', headers: { 'Accept': 'application/json', 'content-Type': 'application/json' }, body: JSON.stringify(data) }) .then((response) => { return response; }) .then((response) => { resolve(response); }) .catch((err)=> { reject({status:-1}); }) })} /** * 基于 fetch 封装的 DELETE请求 * @param url * @param params {} * @returns {Promise} */ HTTPUtil.delete = function(url) { return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { fetch(url, { method: 'DELETE' }).then((response) => { ToastAndroid.show("=1!="+ response.status, ToastAndroid.SHORT); return response; }) .then((response) => { resolve(response); }) .catch((err)=> { reject({status:-1}); }) }) } export default HTTPUtil; 3.创建请求管理类RequestManager
let RequestManager = {}; import { ToastAndroid, AsyncStorage} from 'react-native';import HttpUtil from './HttpUtil';import RequsetURL from './RequsetURL';import AsyncStorageUtil from '../AsyncStorageUtil';import MainView from '../../View/MainView';let json = { "UserName":"fang", "FirstName":"Lewis", "LastName":"Black", "Emails":[ "lewisblack@example.com" ], "AddressInfo": [ { "Address": "187 Suffolk Ln.", "City": { "Name": "Boise", "CountryRegion": "United States", "Region": "ID" } } ]};let jsonUpdata = { "FirstName": "Gao", "LastName": "Xiuyang" }RequestManager.state;RequestManager.getAll = function() { return HttpUtil.get(RequsetURL.GetAllURL).then(RequestManager.handleResponse);} RequestManager.getByKey = function() { return HttpUtil.get(RequsetURL.GetBuKey).then(RequestManager.handleResponse); };RequestManager.postCreat = function() { return HttpUtil.post(RequsetURL.PostCreat,json).then(RequestManager.handleResponse);}RequestManager.putUpdata = function() { return HttpUtil.putJson(RequsetURL.PutUpdata,jsonUpdata).then(RequestManager.handleResponse);}RequestManager.delete = function() { return HttpUtil.delete(RequsetURL.DeleteURL).then(RequestManager.handleResponse);}RequestManager.handleResponse= function(response) { console.log(response.url, response.statusText); if (response.ok) { if(response.status==204){ AsyncStorageUtil.set('Content', "成功!!!!"); }else{ response.text().then(function(text){ AsyncStorageUtil.set('Content', text); }); } return response; }else { console.error('An error occurred', response); }}export default RequestManager; 4.创建URL管理类
var RequsetURL = {}; RequsetURL.GetAllURL = 'http://services.odata.org/TripPinRESTierService/(S(ttgxui24dxjyngne0nkqgyqi))/People'; RequsetURL.GetBuKey = "http://services.odata.org/TripPinRESTierService/(S(ttgxui24dxjyngne0nkqgyqi))/People?$filter=FirstName eq 'Lewis'"; RequsetURL.PostCreat = 'http://services.odata.org/TripPinRESTierService/(S(ttgxui24dxjyngne0nkqgyqi))/People'; RequsetURL.PutUpdata = "http://services.odata.org/TripPinRESTierService/(S(ttgxui24dxjyngne0nkqgyqi))/People('fang')" RequsetURL.DeleteURL = "http://services.odata.org/TripPinRESTierService/(S(ttgxui24dxjyngne0nkqgyqi))/People('fang')"export default RequsetURL; 5.创建AsyncStorageUtil进行本地存储
var AsyncStorageUtil = {}; import { AsyncStorage, ToastAndroid} from 'react-native';AsyncStorageUtil.set = function(key, value){ AsyncStorage.setItem(key, value, () => { AsyncStorage.mergeItem(key, value, () => { AsyncStorage.getItem(key, (err, result) => { if(result!==null){ return true; }else{ return false; } }); }); });}AsyncStorageUtil.get = function(key){ Result='' AsyncStorage.getItem(key, (err, result) => { return result });}export default AsyncStorageUtil;6.创建MainView
'use strict';import React,{Component} from 'react'import { AppRegistry, StyleSheet, Text, View, Image, TextInput, Alert, Dimensions, AsyncStorage, Platform, NativeModules, ToastAndroid, TouchableOpacity} from 'react-native';import AsyncStorageUtil from '../Utils/AsyncStorageUtil';import RequestManager from '../Utils/RequestApiUtils/RequestManager';import HttpUtil from '../Utils/RequestApiUtils/HttpUtil';import RequsetURL from '../Utils/RequestApiUtils/RequsetURL';import ApiSevice from '../Utils/RequestApiUtils/ApiSevice';import Result from './ResultView';export default class page1 extends React.Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = { content:"" }; } getByKey(){ let thiz = this; RequestManager.getByKey().then(x => { if(x.ok){ thiz.props.navigator.push({ component:Result }); }else{ ToastAndroid.show('请重试', ToastAndroid.SHORT); } }); } getAll(){ let thiz = this; RequestManager.getAll().then(x => { if(x.ok){ thiz.props.navigator.push({ component:Result }); }else{ ToastAndroid.show('请重试', ToastAndroid.SHORT); } }); } postCreat(){ let thiz = this; RequestManager.postCreat().then(x => { if(x.ok){ thiz.props.navigator.push({ component:Result }); }else{ ToastAndroid.show('请重试', ToastAndroid.SHORT); } }); } putUpdata(){ let thiz = this; RequestManager.putUpdata().then(x => { if(x.ok){ thiz.props.navigator.push({ component:Result }); }else{ ToastAndroid.show('请重试', ToastAndroid.SHORT); } }); } delete(){ let thiz = this; RequestManager.delete().then(x => { if(x.ok){ thiz.props.navigator.push({ component:Result }); }else{ ToastAndroid.show('请重试', ToastAndroid.SHORT); } }); } render() { return ( <View style = {styles.containers}> <TouchableOpacity style={styles.btn} onPress={this.postCreat.bind(this)} > <Text style={styles.btnText}>Post（增加）</Text> </TouchableOpacity> <TouchableOpacity style={styles.btn} onPress={this.getAll.bind(this)} > <Text style={styles.btnText}>Get（查询全部）</Text> </TouchableOpacity> <TouchableOpacity style={styles.btn} onPress={this.getByKey.bind(this)} > <Text style={styles.btnText}>Get（条件查询）</Text> </TouchableOpacity> <TouchableOpacity style={styles.btn} onPress={this.putUpdata.bind(this)} > <Text style={styles.btnText}>Put（修改）</Text> </TouchableOpacity> <TouchableOpacity style={styles.btn} onPress={this.delete.bind(this)} > <Text style={styles.btnText}>Delete（删除）</Text> </TouchableOpacity> </View> ) }}let styles = StyleSheet.create({ containers: { backgroundColor: '#f1f1f1', height: Dimensions.get('window').height }, btn: { backgroundColor: "#0066cc", height: 40, borderRadius: 4, marginLeft: 20, marginRight: 20, marginTop: 20, justifyContent: 'center', }, btnText: { textAlign: 'center', color: '#fff', fontSize: 16 }}) 7.创建ResultView用于展示结果
'use strict';import React,{Component} from 'react'import { AppRegistry, StyleSheet, Text, View, Image, TextInput, Alert, Dimensions, AsyncStorage, Platform, NativeModules, ToastAndroid, ScrollView, TouchableOpacity} from 'react-native';import AsyncStorageUtil from '../Utils/AsyncStorageUtil';import RequestManager from '../Utils/RequestApiUtils/RequestManager';export default class page1 extends React.Component { constructor(props) { super(props); AsyncStorage.getItem('Content', (err, result) => { this.setState({content:result}) AsyncStorage.mergeItem('Content', result); }); this.state = { content:"" }; } onBack(){ const { navigator } = this.props; if(navigator) { navigator.pop(); } } render() { return ( <View style = {styles.containers}> <View style = {styles.titleView}> <TouchableOpacity onPress={this.onBack.bind(this)} > <Text style={styles.loginBtn}>返回</Text> </TouchableOpacity> </View> <ScrollView style={styles.scrollView}> <Text style = {styles.textView}> {this.state.content} </Text> </ScrollView> </View> ) }}let styles = StyleSheet.create({ scrollView: { height: Dimensions.get('window').height-50, }, containers: { backgroundColor: '#f1f1f1', height: Dimensions.get('window').height-25, }, titleView: { backgroundColor: '#4799e5', height: 45, flexDirection: 'row', alignItems: 'center' }, textView:{ margin: 20, color: '#666666', fontSize: 14 }, loginBtn: { fontSize: 16, marginLeft: 20, color: '#fff', alignSelf: 'flex-end' },})8.结果展示
4.源码地址
1.PostMan(接口测试工具)
http://download.csdn.net/detail/lanye11/9685964
2.Android下使用OData进行数据访问源码
http://download.csdn.net/detail/lanye11/9689924
3.ReactNative下使用OData进行数据访问源码
http://download.csdn.net/detail/lanye11/9689929
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