CentOS-6.7安装KVM及创建ubuntu14.04-server虚拟机

1、安装环境说明

1. 物理主机
   
   • 笔记本电脑 windows 7
   • 物理网卡 ip 192.168.8.154
2. 第一层虚拟平台
   
   • VMWare 12.00 + CentOS 6.7
   • 虚拟网卡NAT ip 192.168.160.236
3. 第二层虚拟平台
   
   • KVM + Ubuntu 14.04 server
   • 虚拟网卡 bridge ip 192.168.160.222

2、CentOS 6.7安装KVM

• 开启CPU的虚拟化功能
  如下图所示，在虚拟机设置的cpu选项里勾选“”虚拟化intel VT …“”

• 安装KVM

# yum install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools virt-manager libvirt -y# service libvirtd start# service libvirtd status# chkconfig libvirtd on

• 检查kvm模块安装情况

# lsmod | grep kvmkvm_intel             55656  0kvm                  345460  1 kvm_intel

• 检查安装结果

# virsh -c qemu:///system list

3、HOST主机Centos系统网络配置

KVM的虚拟机的网络配置主要有NAT和Bridge两种，考虑到当前部署环境采用了2层虚拟平台，尽量采用比较简化的网络配置，所以选取了bridge的模式,下面介绍如何配置host centos系统的网络接口

• 配置网卡eth0
  修改/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0HWADDR=00:0C:29:93:66:94TYPE=EthernetUUID=449c081b-b0fe-42e4-bfe2-860b51e42575ONBOOT=yesNM_CONTROLLED=noBRIDGE=br0

• 配置桥接接口br0
  修改/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0

DEVICE="br0"ONBOOT="yes"TYPE="Bridge"BOOTPROTO=staticIPADDR=192.168.160.236NETMASK=255.255.255.0GATEWAY=192.168.160.2DEFROUTE=yes

• 重启网络服务

# service network restart

• 检查配置结果

# ifconfigbr0       Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:93:66:94          inet addr:192.168.160.236  Bcast:192.168.160.255  Mask:255.255.255.0          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe93:6694/64 Scope:Link          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:36890 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:37601 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0          RX bytes:11208846 (10.6 MiB)  TX bytes:15028640 (14.3 MiB)eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:93:66:94          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe93:6694/64 Scope:Link          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:159608 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:90148 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000          RX bytes:176410321 (168.2 MiB)  TX bytes:19391196 (18.4 MiB)

• 添加iptables访问规则

# iptables -I INPUT 1 -p tcp --dport 5910 -j ACCEPT

4、安装虚拟机 Ubuntu 14.04 server

• 创建虚拟机

# virt-install --name ubuntu \  --ram 1024 \  --vnc --vncport=5910 \  --disk path=/var/local/kvm_disk_ubuntu,size=10 \  --network bridge=br0 \  --cdrom /var/liba/ubuntu-14.04.5-server-amd64.iso \  -d

参数简单说明：
–name: 虚拟机名称
–ram: 虚拟机内存大小
– vnc – vncport ：指定vnc远程访问的端口
–disk： 硬盘参数，硬盘文件的路径和大小（GB）
–network： 虚拟机网卡采用桥接的方式连接br0
–cdrom： 虚拟光驱的配置及镜像文件路径
-d: 从光驱启动系统（第一次启动安装系统时需要）

安装过程中可能会碰到安装路径识别的问题ERROR Couldn’t find hvm kernel for Ubuntu tree.
修改文件/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/virtinst/OSDistro.py
906行：
i386替换成amd64

• 虚拟机配置文件检查
  配置文件路径在/etc/libvert/qemu/ubuntu.xml，最好不要直接改配置文件，通过如下命令来修改配置

# virsh edit ubuntu<domain type='kvm'>  <name>ubuntu</name>  <uuid>9b36bc51-1490-4cee-0f84-6c6a27145f94</uuid>  <memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory>  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>1048576</currentMemory>  <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu>  <os>    <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.6.0'>hvm</type>    <boot dev='cdrom'/>  </os>  <features>    <acpi/>    <apic/>    <pae/>  </features>  <clock offset='utc'/>  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>  <devices>    <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>    <disk type='file' device='disk'>      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>      <source file='/var/local/kvm_disk_ubuntu'/>      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>    </disk>    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>      <source file='/var/local/ubuntu-14.04.5-server-amd64.iso'/>      <target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/>      <readonly/>      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' target='0' unit='0'/>    </disk>    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/>    </controller>    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>      <master startport='0'/>      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>    </controller>    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>      <master startport='2'/>      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x1'/>    </controller>    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>      <master startport='4'/>      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x2'/>    </controller>    <controller type='ide' index='0'>      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>    </controller>    <interface type='bridge'>      <mac address='52:54:00:09:90:bf'/>      <source bridge='br0'/>      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>    </interface>    <serial type='pty'>      <target port='0'/>    </serial>    <console type='pty'>      <target type='serial' port='0'/>    </console>    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>    <graphics type='vnc' port='5910' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0'>      <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>    </graphics>    <video>      <model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/>      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>    </video>    <memballoon model='virtio'>      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>    </memballoon>  </devices></domain>

• 检查及启动虚拟机

# virsh list --all Id    Name                           State---------------------------------------------------- 7     ubuntu                         running

虚拟机相关操作

# virsh destroy ubuntu \\强制关闭# virsh start ubuntu \\启动

• 通过VNC访问虚拟机
  由于安装的是CentOS minimal ，不带图形界面，所以只能采用另外一台VMWare平台上的虚拟机（Ubuntu 16.04 desktop）来访问：
  在Ubuntu 16.04 desktop上安装vncviewer，并远程访问:

# apt-get install vncviewer# vncviewer 192.168.160.236:5910  \\ vnc port

此时会在桌面弹出一个窗口连接我们刚刚创建的ubuntu虚拟机，界面停留在系统安装上，然后按照正常的步骤安装ubuntu即可
安装完成后，进入ubuntu系统（可能需要vnc重连），配置网络地址：
编辑/etc/network/interfaces

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).# The loopback network interfaceauto loiface lo inet loopback# The primary network interfaceauto eth0iface eth0 inet staticaddress 192.168.160.222netmask 255.255.255.0gateway 192.168.160.2

重启网卡

# ifdown eth0# ifup eth0# ifconfigeth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:09:90:bf          inet addr:192.168.160.222  Bcast:192.168.160.255  Mask:255.255.255.0          inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe09:90bf/64 Scope:Link          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:85970 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:35444 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:176808 txqueuelen:1000          RX bytes:119515460 (119.5 MB)  TX bytes:2989853 (2.9 MB)lo        Link encap:Local Loopback          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

安装open-ssh使用ssh远程登录虚拟机

# apt-get install openssh-server# ssh username@192.168.160.222