331. Verify Preorder Serialization of a Binary Tree
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One way to serialize a binary tree is to use pre-order traversal. When we encounter a non-null node, we record the node's value. If it is a null node, we record using a sentinel value such as #
.
_9_ / \ 3 2 / \ / \ 4 1 # 6/ \ / \ / \# # # # # #
For example, the above binary tree can be serialized to the string "9,3,4,#,#,1,#,#,2,#,6,#,#"
, where #
represents a null node.
Given a string of comma separated values, verify whether it is a correct preorder traversal serialization of a binary tree. Find an algorithm without reconstructing the tree.
Each comma separated value in the string must be either an integer or a character '#'
representing null
pointer.
You may assume that the input format is always valid, for example it could never contain two consecutive commas such as "1,,3"
.
Example 1:"9,3,4,#,#,1,#,#,2,#,6,#,#"
Return true
Example 2:"1,#"
Return false
Example 3:"9,#,#,1"
Return false
Method1:
indegree and outdegree.
public class Solution { public boolean isValidSerialization(String preorder) { String[] nodes = preorder.split(","); int diff =1; for(String node:nodes){ if (--diff<0) return false; if(!node.equals("#")) diff +=2; } return diff==0; }}
总结:利用出度和入度。关键在于二叉树出度和入度相等。初始化时要注意,diff为1,这是为了满足遍历根节点时其实未减少入度但减去了一个入度。
Method2:
Stack:
when you iterate through the preorder traversal string, for each char:
case 1: you see a number c, means you begin to expand a new tree rooted with c, you push it to stack
case 2.1: you see a #, while top of stack is a number, you know this # is a left null child, put it there as a mark for next coming node k to know it is being the right child.
case 2.2: you see a #, while top of stack is #, you know you meet this # as right null child, you now cancel the sub tree (rooted as t, for example) with these two-# children. But wait, after the cancellation, you continue to check top of stack is whether # or a number:
---- if a number, say u, you know you just cancelled a node t which is left child of u. You need to leave a # mark to the top of stack. So that the next node know it is a right child.
---- if a #, you know you just cancelled a tree whose root, t, is the right child of u. So you continue to cancel sub tree of u, and the process goes on and on.
public class Solution { public boolean isValidSerialization(String preorder) { // using a stack, scan left to right // case 1: we see a number, just push it to the stack // case 2: we see #, check if the top of stack is also # // if so, pop #, pop the number in a while loop, until top of stack is not # // if not, push it to stack // in the end, check if stack size is 1, and stack top is # if (preorder == null) { return false; } Stack<String> st = new Stack<>(); String[] strs = preorder.split(","); for (int pos = 0; pos < strs.length; pos++) { String curr = strs[pos]; while (curr.equals("#") && !st.isEmpty() && st.peek().equals(curr)) { st.pop(); if (st.isEmpty()) { return false; } st.pop(); } st.push(curr); } return st.size() == 1 && st.peek().equals("#"); }}
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