ubuntu更新源配置

Ubuntu 14.04默认的源，可能会缺少一些依赖项，需要配置一些源来满足部分软件的需求。
参考：http://chenrongya.blog.163.com/blog/static/8747419620143185103297/
wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/Qref/Source

1、源服务器目录结构

 

dists
+------Lucid
|      +---------main
|      |         +------------binary-i386
|      |         |            +--------------xxx.deb
|      |         |            +--------------xxx.deb
|      |         |            +--------------……

|      |         |            +--------------Packages.gz
|      |         +------------其它体系结构
|      +---------restricted
|      |         +------------binary-i386
|      |         +------------其它体系结构
|      +---------universe
|      +---------multiverse
+------Maverick
+------Natty

 

dists目录下包含各种ubuntu发布版本名称：Lucid(10.04)、Maverick(10.10)等等；

版本名称(Lucid)目录下包含4种软件包类别：

    main : 官方支持的软件包

    restricted :受限（许可证）支持软件包

    universe :社区支持软件包，非官方支持软件包

    multiverse :收费软件包

包类别(main)目录下包含各种体系结构：binary-i386等等

体系结构(binary-i386)目录下包含软件包deb文件，并且第一个体系结构目录下都有一个Packages.gz文件。

 

2、source.list文件

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricteddeb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted

以上两行为source.list文件的一部分，其含义如下：

    ubuntu中根据deb包中所包含的内容将其分为两种，一种是包含已编译的二进制可执行文件或预编译的deb包，另一种是包含软件源码的deb包。在source.list文件中用deb和deb-src区分这种包；

    http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/表示deb包所在的服务器目录；

    hardy表示ubuntu的发布版本号；

    main restricted表软件包的类别。

 

以X86主机为例，deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy main restricted表示包含服务器端如下两目录中的deb文件。

    http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/hardy/main/binary-i386/

    http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/hardy/restricted/binary-i386/

 

当执行apt-get update命令时，会读http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/hardy/main/binary-i386/Packages.gz中以及其它目录中Packages.gz中的deb文件列表。

 

当执行apt-get install xxx时，会根据apt-get update得到的deb文件列表获取相应的deb文件。

1. 备份原有的源

避免误操作而无法还原原有的源

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
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2. 打开sources.list

打开sources.list编辑源

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
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3. 添加源

网络上有很多源，各有个的优点，所以根据需求添加，可以都添加进去，或者保存下来，便于修改

4. 添加完源后更新

必须执行刷新，否则配置无效

sudo apt-get update
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5. 源参考

163

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

中科大

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

sohu

deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

oschina

deb http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

北京交通大学

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse

北京理工

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe

restricted universe

上海交大

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty universe restricted multiverse maindebhttp://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security universe restricted multiverse maindebhttp://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe restricted multiverse maindebhttp://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed universe restricted multiverse maindebhttp://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports universe restricted multiverse main

阿里云服务器

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

骨头兄亲

自搭建并维护的 Ubuntu 源（该源位于浙江杭州百兆共享宽带的电信机房)，包含 Deepin 等镜像：

deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

LupaWorld

更新服务器（浙江杭州电信/联通双线服务器），包含其他开源镜像：

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

常州贝特康姆软件技术有限公司

更新服务器（江苏常州电信服务器），包含其他开源镜像。
( CN99域名 系 “常州市亚科技术有限公司” 所注册，但此公司与常州贝特康姆的法人代表和营业地址相同。所以本镜像实际即原 CN99。但现在 CN99镜像的域名已改为跳转至网易镜像）:

deb http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

以下为有教育网接入的服务器（推荐教育网用户使用，部分非教育网用户也有可观的速度。教育网用户请优先使用IPv6地址。

中国科学技术大学

更新服务器（位于合肥，千兆教育网接入，百兆电信/联通线路智能路由），由中科大Linux 用户协会和中科大学网络信息中心维护，包含其他开源镜像，Deepin 官方服务器 实际亦指向此处：

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

IPv6-Only 地址

deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

清华大学

更新服务器，（教育网核心节点百兆接入，已计划提高到千兆）由清华大学学生网管会维护。包含其他开源镜像：

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

IPv4-Only 地址

deb http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

IPv6-Only 地址

deb http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn//ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe