[leetcode] 451. Sort Characters By Frequency
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Given a string, sort it in decreasing order based on the frequency of characters.
Example 1:
Input:"tree"Output:"eert"Explanation:'e' appears twice while 'r' and 't' both appear once.So 'e' must appear before both 'r' and 't'. Therefore "eetr" is also a valid answer.
Example 2:
Input:"cccaaa"Output:"cccaaa"Explanation:Both 'c' and 'a' appear three times, so "aaaccc" is also a valid answer.Note that "cacaca" is incorrect, as the same characters must be together.
Example 3:
Input:"Aabb"Output:"bbAa"Explanation:"bbaA" is also a valid answer, but "Aabb" is incorrect.Note that 'A' and 'a' are treated as two different characters.
这道题是按字符出现频率排序字符串,题目难度为Medium。
首先统计每个字符出现的次数,后续处理思路有很多种,这里借助桶排序的方法来方便最终字符串的构筑。具体代码:
class Solution {public: string frequencySort(string s) { vector<int> freq(256, 0); vector<string> bucket(s.size()+1, ""); string ret = ""; for(auto ch:s) ++freq[ch]; for(int i=0; i<256; ++i) bucket[freq[i]] += string(freq[i], i); for(int i=bucket.size()-1; i>0; --i) ret += bucket[i]; return ret; }};
统计完每个字符出现的次数后,将次数相同的字符放在同一个桶中,最终从大到小遍历所有桶即可得出排序后的字符串,时间复杂度为O(n)。
这道题和第347题非常相似,大家可以顺便看下第347题(传送门)。同理这里也可以用堆来进行处理,依据字符出现次数入堆,然后依次从堆中取出各字符即可得出最终结果。由于需要建堆,时间复杂度为O(nlogn)。具体代码:
class Solution {public: string frequencySort(string s) { vector<int> freq(256, 0); priority_queue<pair<int, char>> heap; string ret = ""; for(auto ch:s) ++freq[ch]; for(int i=0; i<256; ++i) if(freq[i]) heap.push(make_pair(freq[i], i)); while(!heap.empty()) { pair<int, char> p = heap.top(); ret += string(p.first, p.second); heap.pop(); } return ret; }};
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