springboot的缓存技术

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引子

我门知道一个程序的瓶颈在于数据库,我门也知道内存的速度是大大快于硬盘的速度的。当我门需要重复的获取相同的数据的时候,我门一次又一次的请求数据库或者远程服务,导致大量的时间耗费在数据库查询或者远程方法的调用上,导致程序性能的恶化,这更是数据缓存要解决的问题。

spring 缓存支持

spring定义了 org.springframework.cache.CacheManager和org.springframework.cache.Cache接口来统一不同的缓存技术。其中,CacheManager是Spring提供的各种缓存技术抽象接口,Cache接口包含了缓存的各种操作(增加、删除获得缓存,我门一般不会直接和此接口打交道)

spring 支持的CacheManager

针对不同的缓存技术,需要实现不同的CacheManager ,spring 定义了如下表的CacheManager实现。

这里写图片描述

实现任意一种CacheManager 的时候,需要注册实现CacheManager的bean,当然每种缓存技术都有很多额外的配置,但配置CacheManager 是必不可少的。

声明式缓存注解

spring提供了4个注解来声明缓存规则(又是使用注解式的AOP的一个生动例子),如表。

这里写图片描述

开启声明式缓存

开启声明式缓存支持非常简单,只需要在配置类上使用@EnabelCaching 注解即可。

springBoot 的支持

在spring中国年使用缓存技术的关键是配置CacheManager 而springbok 为我门自动配置了多个CacheManager的实现。在spring boot 环境下,使用缓存技术只需要在项目中导入相关缓存技术的依赖包,并配置类使用@EnabelCaching开启缓存支持即可。


小例子

小例子是使用 springboot+jpa +cache 实现的。

实例步骤目录

  • 1.创建maven项目
  • 2.数据库配置
  • 3.jpa配置和cache配置
  • 4.编写bean 和dao层
  • 5.编写service层
  • 6.编写controller
  • 7.启动cache
  • 8.测试校验

1.创建maven项目

新建maven 项目pom.xml文件如下内容如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>com.us</groupId>    <artifactId>springboot-Cache</artifactId>    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>1.3.0.RELEASE</version>    </parent>    <properties>        <start-class>com.us.Application</start-class>        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>    </properties>    <!-- Add typical dependencies for a web application -->    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>            <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>        </dependency>        <!--db-->        <dependency>            <groupId>mysql</groupId>            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>            <version>6.0.5</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>            <version>0.9.5.2</version>            <exclusions>                <exclusion>                    <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>                    <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>                </exclusion>            </exclusions>        </dependency>    </dependencies></project>

2.数据库配置

在src/main/esouces目录下新建application.properties 文件,内容为数据库连接信息,如下:
application.properties

ms.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driverms.db.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cache?prepStmtCacheSize=517&cachePrepStmts=true&autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&allowMultiQueries=truems.db.username=rootms.db.password=xxxxxxms.db.maxActive=500

新建DBConfig.java 配置文件,配置数据源

package com.us.example.config;/** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;@Configurationpublic class DBConfig {    @Autowired    private Environment env;    @Bean(name="dataSource")    public ComboPooledDataSource dataSource() throws PropertyVetoException {        ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();        dataSource.setDriverClass(env.getProperty("ms.db.driverClassName"));        dataSource.setJdbcUrl(env.getProperty("ms.db.url"));        dataSource.setUser(env.getProperty("ms.db.username"));        dataSource.setPassword(env.getProperty("ms.db.password"));        dataSource.setMaxPoolSize(20);        dataSource.setMinPoolSize(5);        dataSource.setInitialPoolSize(10);        dataSource.setMaxIdleTime(300);        dataSource.setAcquireIncrement(5);        dataSource.setIdleConnectionTestPeriod(60);        return dataSource;    }}

数据库设计,数据库只有一张Person表,设计如下:

这里写图片描述

3.jpa配置

spring-data- jpa 配置文件如下:

package com.us.example.config;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;import javax.sql.DataSource;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter;import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;/** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */@Configuration@EnableJpaRepositories("com.us.example.dao")@EnableTransactionManagement@ComponentScanpublic class JpaConfig {    @Autowired    private DataSource dataSource;    @Bean    public EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory() {        HibernateJpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean factory = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();        factory.setJpaVendorAdapter(vendorAdapter);        factory.setPackagesToScan("com.us.example.bean");        factory.setDataSource(dataSource);        Map<String, Object> jpaProperties = new HashMap<>();        jpaProperties.put("hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy","org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy");        jpaProperties.put("hibernate.jdbc.batch_size",50);        factory.setJpaPropertyMap(jpaProperties);        factory.afterPropertiesSet();        return factory.getObject();    }    @Bean    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {        JpaTransactionManager txManager = new JpaTransactionManager();        txManager.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactory());        return txManager;    }}

4.编写bean 和dao层

实体类 Person.java

package com.us.example.bean;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;import javax.persistence.Id;import javax.persistence.Table;/** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */@Entity@Table(name = "Person")public class Person {    @Id    @GeneratedValue    private Long id;    private String name;    private Integer age;    private String address;    public Person() {        super();    }    public Person(Long id, String name, Integer age, String address) {        super();        this.id = id;        this.name = name;        this.age = age;        this.address = address;    }    public Long getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(Long id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public Integer getAge() {        return age;    }    public void setAge(Integer age) {        this.age = age;    }    public String getAddress() {        return address;    }    public void setAddress(String address) {        this.address = address;    }}

dao层,PersonRepository.java

package com.us.example.dao;import com.us.example.bean.Person;import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;/** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person, Long> {}

5.编写service层

service 接口

package com.us.example.service;import com.us.example.bean.Person;/** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */public  interface DemoService {    public Person save(Person person);    public void remove(Long id);    public Person findOne(Person person);}

实现:(重点,此处加缓存)

package com.us.example.service.Impl;import com.us.example.bean.Person;import com.us.example.dao.PersonRepository;import com.us.example.service.DemoService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachePut;import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */@Servicepublic class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {    @Autowired    private PersonRepository personRepository;    @Override    //@CachePut缓存新增的或更新的数据到缓存,其中缓存名字是 people 。数据的key是person的id    @CachePut(value = "people", key = "#person.id")    public Person save(Person person) {        Person p = personRepository.save(person);        System.out.println("为id、key为:"+p.getId()+"数据做了缓存");        return p;    }    @Override    //@CacheEvict 从缓存people中删除key为id 的数据    @CacheEvict(value = "people")    public void remove(Long id) {        System.out.println("删除了id、key为"+id+"的数据缓存");        //这里不做实际删除操作    }    @Override    //@Cacheable缓存key为person 的id 数据到缓存people 中,如果没有指定key则方法参数作为key保存到缓存中。    @Cacheable(value = "people", key = "#person.id")    public Person findOne(Person person) {        Person p = personRepository.findOne(person.getId());        System.out.println("为id、key为:"+p.getId()+"数据做了缓存");        return p;    }}

6.编写controller

为了测试方便请求方式都用了get

package com.us.example.controller;import com.us.example.bean.Person;import com.us.example.service.DemoService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */@RestControllerpublic class CacheController {    @Autowired   private DemoService demoService;    //http://localhost:8080/put?name=abel&age=23&address=shanghai    @RequestMapping("/put")    public Person put(Person person){        return demoService.save(person);    }    //http://localhost:8080/able?id=1    @RequestMapping("/able")    @ResponseBody    public Person cacheable(Person person){        return demoService.findOne(person);    }    //http://localhost:8080/evit?id=1    @RequestMapping("/evit")    public String  evit(Long id){        demoService.remove(id);        return "ok";    }}

7.启动cache

启动类中要记得开启缓存配置。

package com.us.example;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;import static org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.*;/** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */@ComponentScan(basePackages ="com.us.example")@SpringBootApplication@EnableCachingpublic class Application {    public static void main(String[] args) {        ConfigurableApplicationContext run = run(Application.class, args);    }}

8.测试校验

检验able:

启动Application 类,启动后在浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/able?id=1(首先要在数据库中初始化几条数据。)

这里写图片描述

控制台输出:
“为id、key为:1数据做了缓存“ 此时已经为此次查询做了缓存,再次查询该条数据将不会出现此条语句,也就是不查询数据库了。

检验put

在浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/put?name=abel&age=23&address=shanghai(向数据库插入一条数据,并将数据放入缓存。)

这里写图片描述

此时控制台输出为该条记录做了缓存:

这里写图片描述

然后再次调用able 方法,查询该条数据,将不再查询数据库,直接从缓存中读取数据。

测试evit

在浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/evit?id=1(将该条记录从缓存中清楚,清除后,在次访问该条记录,将会重新将该记录放入缓存。)

控制台输出:

这里写图片描述

切换缓存

1.切换为EhCache作为缓存

pom.xml 文件中添加依赖

<dependency>            <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>            <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>        </dependency>

在resource 文件夹下新建ehcache的配置文件ehcache.xml 内容如下,此文件spring boot 会自动扫描

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><ehcache>    <!--切换为ehcache 缓存时使用--><cache name="people" maxElementsInMemory="1000" /></ehcache>

2.切换为Guava作为缓存

只需要在pom中添加依赖

     <dependency>            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>            <version>18.0</version>        </dependency>

3.切换为redis作为缓存

请看下篇博客

本文参考:《JavaEE开发的颠覆者:Spring Boot实战 》

本文源代码:https://github.com/527515025/springBoot.git

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