python调用摄像头显示图像

import cv2
import numpy as np

bins = np.arange(256).reshape(256,1)

def hist_curve(im):
    h = np.zeros((300,256,3))
    if len(im.shape) == 2:
        color = [(255,255,255)]
    elif im.shape[2] == 3:
        color = [ (255,0,0),(0,255,0),(0,0,255) ]
    for ch, col in enumerate(color):
        hist_item = cv2.calcHist([im],[ch],None,[256],[0,256])
        cv2.normalize(hist_item,hist_item,0,255,cv2.NORM_MINMAX)
        hist=np.int32(np.around(hist_item))
        pts = np.int32(np.column_stack((bins,hist)))
        cv2.polylines(h,[pts],False,col)
    y=np.flipud(h)
    return y

def hist_lines(im):
    h = np.zeros((300,256,3))
    if len(im.shape)!=2:
        print "hist_lines applicable only for grayscale images"
        #print "so converting image to grayscale for representation"
        im = cv2.cvtColor(im,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    hist_item = cv2.calcHist([im],[0],None,[256],[0,256])
    cv2.normalize(hist_item,hist_item,0,255,cv2.NORM_MINMAX)
    hist=np.int32(np.around(hist_item))
    for x,y in enumerate(hist):
        cv2.line(h,(x,0),(x,y),(255,255,255))
    y = np.flipud(h)
    return y


if __name__ == '__main__':

    import sys

    if len(sys.argv)>1:
        im = cv2.imread(sys.argv[1])
    else :
        im = cv2.imread('../cpp/lena.jpg')
        print "usage : python hist.py <image_file>"


    gray = cv2.cvtColor(im,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)


    print ''' Histogram plotting \n
    Keymap :\n
    a - show histogram for color image in curve mode \n
    b - show histogram in bin mode \n
    c - show equalized histogram (always in bin mode) \n
    d - show histogram for color image in curve mode \n
    e - show histogram for a normalized image in curve mode \n
    Esc - exit \n
    '''

    cv2.imshow('image',im)
    while True:
        k = cv2.waitKey(0)&0xFF
        if k == ord('a'):
            curve = hist_curve(im)
            cv2.imshow('histogram',curve)
            cv2.imshow('image',im)
            print 'a'
        elif k == ord('b'):
            print 'b'
            lines = hist_lines(im)
            cv2.imshow('histogram',lines)
            cv2.imshow('image',gray)
        elif k == ord('c'):
            print 'c'
            equ = cv2.equalizeHist(gray)
            lines = hist_lines(equ)
            cv2.imshow('histogram',lines)
            cv2.imshow('image',equ)
        elif k == ord('d'):
            print 'd'
            curve = hist_curve(gray)
            cv2.imshow('histogram',curve)
            cv2.imshow('image',gray)
        elif k == ord('e'):
            print 'e'
            norm = cv2.normalize(gray,alpha = 0,beta = 255,norm_type = cv2.NORM_MINMAX)
            lines = hist_lines(norm)
            cv2.imshow('histogram',lines)
            cv2.imshow('image',norm)
        elif k == 27:
            print 'ESC'
            cv2.destroyAllWindows()
            break
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()