MySQL-Join

环境准备

三个table：书籍信息book、作者信息author、出版社信息publish。

create database temp;use temp;create table book (id int not null auto_increment, name varchar(20) not null, author int not null, pub int not null, price int default 0, primary key (id));create table author (id int not null auto_increment, name varchar(20) not null, age int, primary key (id));create table publish (id int not null auto_increment, name varchar(20) not null, city varchar(20), primary key (id));

增加测试数据：

insert into author (name, age) values ("Tom", 20);insert into author (name, age) values ("Jerry", 25);insert into publish (name, city) values ("PUB Tigger", "BJ");insert into publish (name, city) values ("PUB Lion", "SH");insert into publish (name, city) values ("PUB Rabbit", "SZ");insert into book (name, author, pub, price) values ("Good Mood", 1, 1, 110);insert into book (name, author, pub, price) values ("Rainy Day", 2, 3, 230);insert into book (name, author, pub, price) values ("On the Road", 2, 2, 220);

验证：

MariaDB [temp]> select * from book;+----+-------------+--------+-----+-------+| id | name        | author | pub | price |+----+-------------+--------+-----+-------+|  1 | Good Mood   |      1 |   1 |   110 ||  2 | Rainy Day   |      2 |   3 |   230 ||  3 | On the Road |      2 |   2 |   220 |+----+-------------+--------+-----+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [temp]> select * from author;+----+-------+------+| id | name  | age  |+----+-------+------+|  1 | Tom   |   20 ||  2 | Jerry |   25 |+----+-------+------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [temp]> select * from publish;+----+------------+------+| id | name       | city |+----+------------+------+|  1 | PUB Tigger | BJ   ||  2 | PUB Lion   | SH   ||  3 | PUB Rabbit | SZ   |+----+------------+------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Join

根据三个表，查询完整的信息；Join有两种使用方式。

MariaDB [temp]> select book.name, author.name as author, publish.name as publish, publish.city, book.price from book, author, publish where book.author=author.id and book.pub=publish.id;+-------------+--------+------------+------+-------+| name        | author | publish    | city | price |+-------------+--------+------------+------+-------+| Good Mood   | Tom    | PUB Tigger | BJ   |   110 || Rainy Day   | Jerry  | PUB Rabbit | SZ   |   230 || On the Road | Jerry  | PUB Lion   | SH   |   220 |+-------------+--------+------------+------+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [temp]> select book.name, author.name as author, publish.name as publish, publish.city, book.price from book inner join author inner join publish on book.author=author.id and book.pub=publish.id;+-------------+--------+------------+------+-------+| name        | author | publish    | city | price |+-------------+--------+------------+------+-------+| Good Mood   | Tom    | PUB Tigger | BJ   |   110 || Rainy Day   | Jerry  | PUB Rabbit | SZ   |   230 || On the Road | Jerry  | PUB Lion   | SH   |   220 |+-------------+--------+------------+------+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [temp]> 

同一个table被查询两次

对上面的场景进行增强，假设一本书有两个作者。

新建一个表book_en。

create table book_en (id int not null auto_increment, name varchar(20) not null, author1 int not null, author2 int not null, pub int not null, price int default 0, primary key (id));insert into book_en (name, author1, author2, pub, price) values ("A Bad Habit", 1, 2, 1, 110);insert into book_en (name, author1, author2, pub, price) values ("Keep Healthy", 2, 1, 3, 230);insert into book_en (name, author1, author2, pub, price) values ("Toast", 1, 2, 2, 220);

查询：

MariaDB [temp]> select * from book_en;+----+--------------+---------+---------+-----+-------+| id | name         | author1 | author2 | pub | price |+----+--------------+---------+---------+-----+-------+|  4 | A Bad Habit  |       1 |       2 |   1 |   110 ||  5 | Keep Healthy |       2 |       1 |   3 |   230 ||  6 | Toast        |       1 |       2 |   2 |   220 |+----+--------------+---------+---------+-----+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [temp]> select * from author;+----+-------+------+| id | name  | age  |+----+-------+------+|  1 | Tom   |   20 ||  2 | Jerry |   25 |+----+-------+------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [temp]> select book_en.name as name, a1.name as author1, a2.name as author2, publish.name as publish, publish.city as city, book_en.price from book_en, author a1, author a2, publish where book_en.author1=a1.id and book_en.author2=a2.id and book_en.pub=publish.id;+--------------+---------+---------+------------+------+-------+| name         | author1 | author2 | publish    | city | price |+--------------+---------+---------+------------+------+-------+| Keep Healthy | Jerry   | Tom     | PUB Rabbit | SZ   |   230 || A Bad Habit  | Tom     | Jerry   | PUB Tigger | BJ   |   110 || Toast        | Tom     | Jerry   | PUB Lion   | SH   |   220 |+--------------+---------+---------+------------+------+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [temp]> select book_en.name as name, a1.name as author1, a2.name as author2, publish.name as publish, publish.city as city, book_en.price from book_en inner join author a1 inner join author a2 inner join publish where book_en.author1=a1.id and book_en.author2=a2.id and book_en.pub=publish.id;+--------------+---------+---------+------------+------+-------+| name         | author1 | author2 | publish    | city | price |+--------------+---------+---------+------------+------+-------+| Keep Healthy | Jerry   | Tom     | PUB Rabbit | SZ   |   230 || A Bad Habit  | Tom     | Jerry   | PUB Tigger | BJ   |   110 || Toast        | Tom     | Jerry   | PUB Lion   | SH   |   220 |+--------------+---------+---------+------------+------+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [temp]> 

上面的where可以改成on。

另外一个例子

城市city，两个城市之间的距离distance。

建表&准备测试数据

create table city (id int not null auto_increment, name varchar(20), primary key (id));create table distance (id int not null auto_increment, from_id int not null, to_id int not null, dist int not null, primary key (id));insert into city (name) values("BJ");insert into city (name) values("SH");insert into city (name) values("SZ");insert into distance (from_id, to_id, dist) values (1, 2, 1200);insert into distance (from_id, to_id, dist) values (2, 3, 2300);insert into distance (from_id, to_id, dist) values (3, 1, 3100);

数据验证

MariaDB [temp]> select * from distance;+----+---------+-------+------+| id | from_id | to_id | dist |+----+---------+-------+------+|  1 |       1 |     2 | 1200 ||  2 |       2 |     3 | 2300 ||  3 |       3 |     1 | 3100 |+----+---------+-------+------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [temp]> select * from city;+----+------+| id | name |+----+------+|  1 | BJ   ||  2 | SH   ||  3 | SZ   |+----+------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Join

MariaDB [temp]> select c1.name as city1, c2.name as city2, distance.dist dist from distance inner join city c1 inner join city c2 where distance.from_id=c1.id and distance.to_id=c2.id;+-------+-------+------+| city1 | city2 | dist |+-------+-------+------+| BJ    | SH    | 1200 || SH    | SZ    | 2300 || SZ    | BJ    | 3100 |+-------+-------+------+3 rows in set (0.01 sec)MariaDB [temp]> select c1.name as city1, c2.name as city2, distance.dist dist from city c1 inner join city c2 inner join distance on distance.from_id=c1.id and distance.to_id=c2.id;+-------+-------+------+| city1 | city2 | dist |+-------+-------+------+| BJ    | SH    | 1200 || SH    | SZ    | 2300 || SZ    | BJ    | 3100 |+-------+-------+------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [temp]>