web页面排版(2) - css3 弹性布局和多列布局

来源：互联网发布：sql分组求和编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/04 19:09

css3 弹性布局和多列布局

弹性盒子(Flexible Box)是css3中盒子模型的弹性布局，在传统的布局方式上增加了很多灵活性。

弹性盒子基础

定义一个弹性盒子

在父盒子上定义display属性：

#box{  display: -webkit-flex;   //webkit内核浏览器的兼容设置，下同  display: flex;}

当然还有行内布局的弹性盒子

#box{  display: -webkit-inline-flex;  display: inline-flex;}

注意，设为Flex布局以后，子元素的float、clear和vertical-align属性将失效。

弹性盒子兼容情况

Chrome 29+
Firefox 28+
Internet Explorer 11+
Opera 17+
Safari 6.1+ (prefixed with -webkit-)
Android 4.4+
iOS 7.1+ (prefixed with -webkit-)

弹性盒子概念

弹性盒子两个轴如图：
- 主轴(横轴, main axis)
- 交叉轴(纵轴, cross axis)

这里写图片描述

弹性盒子属性

在研究具体属性前，先建立一个基本模板，必要时修改一下部分参数：

<!-- html部分 --><div id="flex-box">  <div class="flex-item">1</div>  <div class="flex-item">2</div>  <div class="flex-item">3</div>  <div class="flex-item">4</div>  <div class="flex-item">5</div></div><!-- css部分 -->#flex-box{  width: 200px;  height: 200px;  border: 1px solid #06f;  display: flex;  display: -webkit-flex;}.flex-item{  height: 30px;  width: 30px;  color: #f00;  font-size: 20px;  line-height: 30px;  text-align: center;  background-color: #8f0;  border: 1px solid #f00;}

flex-direction
排列方向设置

#flex-box{  flex-direction: row | row-reverse | column | column-reverse;  /* @value row 从左到右(默认)*/  /* @value row-reverse 从右到左*/  /* @value column 从上到下*/  /* @value column-reverse 从下到上*/}

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flex-wrap
换行设置

.box{  flex-wrap: nowrap | wrap | wrap-reverse;  /* @value nowrap 不换行(默认)*/  /* @value wrap 换行*/  /* @value wrap-reverse 换行 层倒序*/}

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flex-flow
flex-direction和flex-wrap的缩写属性

.box {  flex-flow: <flex-direction> || <flex-wrap>;}

justify-content
水平方向上对齐

.box {  justify-content: flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around;}/* value flex-start 左对齐(默认)*//* value flex-end：右对齐*//* value center： 居中*//* value space-between：两端对齐，项目之间的间隔都相等*//* value space-around：每个项目两侧的间隔相等。所以，项目之间的间隔比项目与边框的间隔大一倍*/

这里写图片描述

align-items
垂直方向上对齐

.box {  align-items: flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | stretch;}/* value flex-start 交叉轴的起点对齐*//* value flex-end 交叉轴的终点对齐*//* value center 交叉轴的中点对齐*//* value baseline 项目的第一行文字的基线对齐*//* value stretch 如果项目未设置高度或设为auto，将占满整个容器的高度(默认)*/

这里写图片描述

align-content
多根轴线的对齐方式

.box {  align-content: flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around | stretch;}/* value flex-start 与交叉轴的起点对齐*//* value flex-end 与交叉轴的终点对齐*//* value center 与交叉轴的中点对齐*//* value space-between 与交叉轴两端对齐，轴线之间的间隔平均分布*//* value space-around 每根轴线两侧的间隔都相等。所以，轴线之间的间隔比轴线与边框的间隔大一倍*//* value stretch 轴线占满整个交叉轴(默认值)*/

这里写图片描述

子元素属性

order: 属性定义项目的排列顺序。数值越小，排列越靠前，默认为0
flex-grow: 属性定义项目的放大比例，默认为0，即如果存在剩余空间，也不放大
flex-shrink: 属性定义了项目的缩小比例，默认为1，即如果空间不足，该项目将缩小。
flex-basis: 属性定义了在分配多余空间之前，项目占据的主轴空间它的默认值为auto，即项目的本来大小。
flex: 属性是flex-grow, flex-shrink和flex-basis的简写。
align-self: 属性允许单个项目有与其他项目不一样的对齐方式，可覆盖align-items属性。默认值为auto，表示继承父元素的align-items属性，如果没有父元素，则等同于stretch。

多列

column-count 规定元素应该被分隔的列数
column-fill 规定如何填充列
column-gap 规定列之间的间隔
column-rule 设置所有column-rule-*属性的简写属性
column-rule-color 规定列之间规则的颜色
column-rule-style 规定列之间规则的样式
column-rule-width 规定列之间规则的宽度
column-span 规定元素应该横跨的列数
column-width 规定列的宽度
columns 规定设置column-width和column-count的简写属性

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实例

骰子

这里写图片描述

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>9 faces Dice</title></head><style>  body{    padding: 0;    margin: 0;  }  #demo{    display: flex;    background-color: #444;  }  .dice{    width: 90px;    height: 90px;    border-radius: 22px;    margin: 20px;    padding: 10px;    box-sizing: border-box;    border: 2px solid #aaa;    background-color: #eee;    display: flex;    flex-direction: column;    justify-content: space-between;  }  .dot{    width: 20px;    height: 20px;    background-color: #222;    border-top: 2px solid #000;    box-sizing: border-box;    /*box-shadow: 0px 0px 2px #000;*/    border-radius: 20px;  }  .line{    display: flex;    justify-content: space-between;  }  #one{    justify-content: center;    align-items: center;  }  #two{    align-items: center;  }  #three .line:nth-of-type(2){    justify-content: center;  }  #three .line:nth-of-type(3){    justify-content: flex-end;  }  #five .line:nth-of-type(2){    justify-content: center;  }</style><body>  <div id="demo">    <div id="one" class="dice">      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>    </div>    <div id="two" class="dice">      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>    </div>    <div id="three" class="dice">      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>    </div>    <div id="four" class="dice">      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>    </div>    <div id="five" class="dice">      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>    </div>    <div id="six" class="dice">      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>    </div>    <div id="seven" class="dice">      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>    </div>    <div id="eight" class="dice">      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>    </div>    <div id="nine" class="dice">      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>      <div class="line">        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>        <div class="dot"></div>      </div>    </div>  </div></body></html>

瀑布流图

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN"><head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>test</title>  <style>  ul{    width: 1000px;    margin: 0 auto;    padding: 0;    columns: 4;    list-style: none;    column-gap: 2px;    column-fill: balance;  }  ul li {    margin: 4px 0;  }  ul li img{    width:240px;  }  </style></head><body><ul>  <li><img src="img/1.jpeg" alt=""></li>  <li><img src="img/2.jpeg" alt=""></li>  <li><img src="img/3.jpeg" alt=""></li>  <li><img src="img/4.jpeg" alt=""></li>  <li><img src="img/5.jpeg" alt=""></li>  <li><img src="img/6.jpeg" alt=""></li>  <li><img src="img/7.jpeg" alt=""></li>  <li><img src="img/8.jpeg" alt=""></li>  <li><img src="img/9.jpeg" alt=""></li>  <li><img src="img/10.jpeg" alt=""></li>  <li><img src="img/11.jpeg" alt=""></li>  <li><img src="img/12.jpeg" alt=""></li>  <li><img src="img/13.jpeg" alt=""></li>  <li><img src="img/14.jpeg" alt=""></li>  <li><img src="img/15.jpeg" alt=""></li></ul></body></html>

栅格

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN"><head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>test</title>  <style>  #grid-demo{    width: 1000px;    margin: 0 auto;  }  .grid{    display: flex;    margin: 20px 0;    height: 60px;  }  .grid .grid-item{    flex-grow: 1;    background-color: #eee;    height: 60px;    line-height: 60px;    font-size: 26px;    width: 5%;    text-align: center;    margin: 0 10px;  }  .grid .col-10{    flex-basis: 83.3333%  }  .grid .col-8{    flex-basis: 66.6666%;  }  .grid .col-6{    flex-basis: 50%;  }  .grid .col-4{    flex-basis: 33.3333%;  }  .grid .col-3{    flex-basis: 25%;  }  .grid .col-2{    flex-basis: 16.6667%;  }  </style></head>  <body>  <div id="grid-demo">    <div class="grid">      <div class="grid-item">1</div>      <div class="grid-item">1</div>      <div class="grid-item">1</div>      <div class="grid-item">1</div>      <div class="grid-item">1</div>      <div class="grid-item">1</div>      <div class="grid-item">1</div>      <div class="grid-item">1</div>      <div class="grid-item">1</div>      <div class="grid-item">1</div>      <div class="grid-item">1</div>      <div class="grid-item">1</div>    </div>    <div class="grid">      <div class="grid-item">2</div>      <div class="grid-item">2</div>      <div class="grid-item">2</div>      <div class="grid-item">2</div>      <div class="grid-item">2</div>      <div class="grid-item">2</div>    </div>    <div class="grid">      <div class="grid-item">3</div>      <div class="grid-item">3</div>      <div class="grid-item">3</div>      <div class="grid-item">3</div>    </div>    <div class="grid">      <div class="grid-item">4</div>      <div class="grid-item">4</div>      <div class="grid-item">4</div>    </div>    <div class="grid">      <div class="grid-item">6</div>      <div class="grid-item">6</div>    </div>    <div class="grid">      <div class="grid-item col-8">8</div>      <div class="grid-item col-4">4</div>    </div>    <div class="grid">      <div class="grid-item">12</div>    </div>  </div></body></html>

固定底栏

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN"><head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>test</title>  <style>  body{    margin: 0;    padding: 0;  }  #demo{    display: flex;    flex-direction: column;    min-height: 100vh;  }  header, footer{    height: 100px;    background-color: darkblue;    color: white;    text-align: center;    line-height: 100px;  }  .flex-body{    flex-grow: 1;  }  </style></head><body>  <div id="demo">    <header>I am header!</header>    <div class="flex-body">I am body!</div>    <footer>I am footer!</footer>  </div></body></html>

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