Java ArrayList源码小结

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ArrayList是Java集合框架中的动态数组:

public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable

ArrayList实现了List接口,实现了RandomAccess(随机访问)、Serializable(序列化);

RandomAccess接口是一个标记接口,实现了RandomAccess接口的集合类,使用for(int i=0;i<list.size();i++) {list.get(i);}的效率要高于使用增强for循环遍历集合;


private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;

ArrayList底层由数组实现,默认容量为10;


private int size;

底层数组的长度,注意与Capacity区分;


构造函数有:public ArrayList(int initialCapacity),自定义底层数组大小;

                      public ArrayList(),默认数组大小;

                      public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c),复制构造方法;


public void trimToSize() {        modCount++;        if (size < elementData.length) {            elementData = (size == 0)              ? EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA              : Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);        }    }
去除预留元素的空间,使capacity=size;

ArrayList通过grow方法实现数组的动态变容:

private void grow(int minCapacity) {        // overflow-conscious code        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)            newCapacity = minCapacity;        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);        // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);    }
如果数组现有长度的1.5倍大于minCapacity,则扩容至现长度的1.5倍,反之则扩容至minCapacity的大小;


public int size() {        return size;    }
得到底层数组的长度,时间复杂度为常数级别;


public boolean isEmpty() {        return size == 0;    }
判断数组是否为空;

public int indexOf(Object o) {        if (o == null) {            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)                if (elementData[i]==null)                    return i;        } else {            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)                if (o.equals(elementData[i]))                    return i;        }        return -1;    }
得到o对象第一次出现的下标,o对象可以为空,比较时采用的是equals方法,若没有找到相等的对象,返回-1;


public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {        if (o == null) {            for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--)                if (elementData[i]==null)                    return i;        } else {            for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--)                if (o.equals(elementData[i]))                    return i;        }        return -1;    }
反着搜索;

public boolean contains(Object o) {        return indexOf(o) >= 0;    }
调用indexOf方法,判断集合中是否有o对象;

public Object[] toArray() {        return Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);    }
拷贝ArrayList的底层数组并返回,返回数组的长度与底层数组的size一致;

public E get(int index) {        rangeCheck(index);        return elementData(index);    }
get方法先做安全性检查rangeCheck再得到index位置上的值;


public E set(int index, E element) {        rangeCheck(index);        E oldValue = elementData(index);        elementData[index] = element;        return oldValue;    }
set方法先rangeCheck再修改index位置上的值;

我们再来看rangeCheck方法:

private void rangeCheck(int index) {        if (index >= size)            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));    }
注释上说,这个方法不检查index是否为负值?


public boolean add(E e) {        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!        elementData[size++] = e;        return true;    }
public void add(int index, E element) {        rangeCheckForAdd(index);        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!        System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,                         size - index);        elementData[index] = element;        size++;    }
第一个add方法将元素添加到数组末尾;第二个add方法调用System.arraycopy将elementData从index开始的size-index个元素复制到index+1至size+1的位置(即index开始的元素都向后移动一个位置),然后将element插入到index位置

public E remove(int index) {        rangeCheck(index);        modCount++;        E oldValue = elementData(index);        int numMoved = size - index - 1;        if (numMoved > 0)            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,                             numMoved);        elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work        return oldValue;    }
删除某一位置元素,调用System.arraycopy将elementData从index+1开始的numMoved个元素复制到index为开头的位置;返回删除的元素的值;


private void fastRemove(int index) {        modCount++;        int numMoved = size - index - 1;        if (numMoved > 0)            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,                             numMoved);        elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work    }
fastRemove方法:不做下标检查,直接删除,也没有返回值;


public boolean remove(Object o) {        if (o == null) {            for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)                if (elementData[index] == null) {                    fastRemove(index);                    return true;                }        } else {            for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)                if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {                    fastRemove(index);                    return true;                }        }        return false;    }
先搜索,再调用fastRemove方法;因为已经判定index值有效,可以跳过下标检查,采用fastRemove方法;

public void clear() {        modCount++;        // clear to let GC do its work        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)            elementData[i] = null;        size = 0;    }
将数组元素全部指向null,等待GC;

public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {        Object[] a = c.toArray();        int numNew = a.length;        ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew);  // Increments modCount        System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew);        size += numNew;        return numNew != 0;    }
public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {        rangeCheckForAdd(index);        Object[] a = c.toArray();        int numNew = a.length;        ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew);  // Increments modCount        int numMoved = size - index;        if (numMoved > 0)            System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew,                             numMoved);        System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew);        size += numNew;        return numNew != 0;    }
先将集合c转换成数组,再添加或插入,并且更新size;

protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {        modCount++;        int numMoved = size - toIndex;        System.arraycopy(elementData, toIndex, elementData, fromIndex,                         numMoved);        // clear to let GC do its work        int newSize = size - (toIndex-fromIndex);        for (int i = newSize; i < size; i++) {            elementData[i] = null;        }        size = newSize;    }

删除数组的一部分,并将元素指向null;


参考博客:http://blog.csdn.net/jzhf2012/article/details/8540410





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