AM335X 串口驱动学习(1)-基于linux3.8内核
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学习串口驱动,先从数据结构入手吧。串口驱动有3个核心数据结构:
(/drivers/tty/serial/omap-serial.c)
- UART特定的驱动程序结构定义:struct uart_driver serial_omap_reg;
- UART端口结构定义: struct uart_omap_port *ui[OMAP_MAX_HSUART_PORTS];
- UART相关操作函数结构定义: struct uart_ops serial_omap_pops;
重要数据结构
1. uart_driver
uart_driver 封装了tty_driver,使得底层的UART驱动无需关心tty_driver。
#include <linux/serial_core.h> struct uart_driver { struct module *owner; /* 拥有该uart_driver的模块,一般为 THIS_MODULE */ const char *driver_name; /* 串口驱动名,串口设备文件名以驱动名为基础 */ const char *dev_name; /* 串口设备名 */ int major; /* 主设备号 */ int minor; /* 次设备号 */ int nr; /* 该uart_driver支持的串口个数(最大) */ struct console *cons; /* 其对应的console.若该uart_driver支持serial console,否则为NULL */ /* * these are private; the low level driver should not * touch these; they should be initialised to NULL */ struct uart_state *state; struct tty_driver *tty_driver; };
其中的uart_state是设备私有信息结构体,
在uart_open()中:
tty->driver_data = state;
在其他uart_xxx()中:
struct uart_state *state = tty->driver_data;
就可以获取设备私有信息结构体。
#include<linux/serial_core.h>static struct uart_driver serial_omap_reg = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .driver_name = "OMAP-SERIAL", .dev_name = OMAP_SERIAL_NAME, .nr = OMAP_MAX_HSUART_PORTS, .cons = OMAP_CONSOLE,};
一个tty驱动必须注册/注销tty_driver,而一个UART驱动则变为注册/注销uart_driver,使用如下接口:
int uart_register_driver(struct uart_driver *drv);
void uart_unregister_driver(struct uart_driver *drv);
2. uart_port
用于描述一个UART的I/O端口或者IO内存地址等信息;实际上,一个uart_port实例对应一个串口设备。
#include<linux/serial_core.h> struct uart_port { spinlock_t lock; /* port lock 串口端口锁 */ unsigned long iobase; /* in/out[bwl] io端口基地 */ unsigned char __iomem *membase;/* read/write[bwl] IO内存基地址,经映射(如ioremap)后的IO内存虚拟基地址 */ unsigned int (*serial_in)(struct uart_port *, int); void (*serial_out)(struct uart_port *, int, int); void (*set_termios)(struct uart_port *, struct ktermios *new, struct ktermios *old); void (*pm)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int state, unsigned int old); unsigned int irq; /* irq number */ unsigned long irqflags; /* irq flags */ unsigned int uartclk; /* base uart clock */ unsigned int fifosize; /* tx fifo size */ unsigned char x_char; /* xon/xoff char */ unsigned char regshift; /* reg offset shift */ unsigned char iotype; /* io access style */ unsigned char unused1; #define UPIO_PORT (0) #define UPIO_HUB6 (1) #define UPIO_MEM (2) #define UPIO_MEM32 (3) #define UPIO_AU (4) /* Au1x00 type IO */ #define UPIO_TSI (5) /* Tsi108/109 type IO */ #define UPIO_DWAPB (6) /* DesignWare APB UART */ #define UPIO_RM9000 (7) /* RM9000 type IO */ #define UPIO_DWAPB32 (8) /* DesignWare APB UART (32 bit accesses) */ unsigned int read_status_mask; /* driver specific */ unsigned int ignore_status_mask; /* driver specific */ struct uart_state *state; /* pointer to parent state */ struct uart_icount icount; /* statistics */ struct console *cons; /* struct console, if any */ #if defined(CONFIG_SERIAL_CORE_CONSOLE) || defined(SUPPORT_SYSRQ) unsigned long sysrq; /* sysrq timeout */ #endif upf_t flags; #define UPF_FOURPORT ((__force upf_t) (1 << 1)) #define UPF_SAK ((__force upf_t) (1 << 2)) #define UPF_SPD_MASK ((__force upf_t) (0x1030)) #define UPF_SPD_HI ((__force upf_t) (0x0010)) #define UPF_SPD_VHI ((__force upf_t) (0x0020)) #define UPF_SPD_CUST ((__force upf_t) (0x0030)) #define UPF_SPD_SHI ((__force upf_t) (0x1000)) #define UPF_SPD_WARP ((__force upf_t) (0x1010)) #define UPF_SKIP_TEST ((__force upf_t) (1 << 6)) #define UPF_AUTO_IRQ ((__force upf_t) (1 << 7)) #define UPF_HARDPPS_CD ((__force upf_t) (1 << 11)) #define UPF_LOW_LATENCY ((__force upf_t) (1 << 13)) #define UPF_BUGGY_UART ((__force upf_t) (1 << 14)) #define UPF_NO_TXEN_TEST ((__force upf_t) (1 << 15)) #define UPF_MAGIC_MULTIPLIER ((__force upf_t) (1 << 16)) #define UPF_CONS_FLOW ((__force upf_t) (1 << 23)) #define UPF_SHARE_IRQ ((__force upf_t) (1 << 24)) /* The exact UART type is known and should not be probed. */ #define UPF_FIXED_TYPE ((__force upf_t) (1 << 27)) #define UPF_BOOT_AUTOCONF ((__force upf_t) (1 << 28)) #define UPF_FIXED_PORT ((__force upf_t) (1 << 29)) #define UPF_DEAD ((__force upf_t) (1 << 30)) #define UPF_IOREMAP ((__force upf_t) (1 << 31)) #define UPF_CHANGE_MASK ((__force upf_t) (0x17fff)) #define UPF_USR_MASK ((__force upf_t) (UPF_SPD_MASK|UPF_LOW_LATENCY)) unsigned int mctrl; /* current modem ctrl settings */ unsigned int timeout; /* character-based timeout */ unsigned int type; /* port type */ const struct uart_ops *ops; /*UART操作集*/ unsigned int custom_divisor; unsigned int line; /* port index */ resource_size_t mapbase; /* for ioremap */ struct device *dev; /* parent device */ unsigned char hub6; /* this should be in the 8250 driver */ unsigned char suspended; unsigned char irq_wake; unsigned char unused[2]; void *private_data; /* generic platform data pointer */ };
uart_omap_port 封装了uart_port:
#inclide<linux/serial_core.h>struct uart_omap_port { struct uart_port port; struct uart_omap_dma uart_dma; struct device *dev; unsigned char ier; unsigned char lcr; unsigned char mcr; unsigned char fcr; unsigned char efr; unsigned char dll; unsigned char dlh; unsigned char mdr1; unsigned char scr; int use_dma; /* * Some bits in registers are cleared on a read, so they must * be saved whenever the register is read but the bits will not * be immediately processed. */ unsigned int lsr_break_flag; unsigned char msr_saved_flags; char name[20]; unsigned long port_activity; int context_loss_cnt; u32 errata; u8 wakeups_enabled; int DTR_gpio; int DTR_inverted; int DTR_active; struct pm_qos_request pm_qos_request; u32 latency; u32 calc_latency; struct work_struct qos_work; struct pinctrl *pins; struct serial_rs485 rs485;};
static struct uart_omap_port *ui[OMAP_MAX_HSUART_PORTS];
由此可见,对串口的一系列初始化,实际上落到了对ui结构体的填充上。
在serial_omap_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)中:
struct uart_omap_port up; /*uart_omap_port 封装了uart_port /
ui[up->port.line] = up;
serial_omap_add_console_port(up);
uart_add_one_port(&serial_omap_reg, &up->port);
- uart_iconut为串口信息计数器,包含了发送字符计数、接收字符计数等。在串口的发送中断处理函数和接收中断处理函数中,我们需要管理这些计数;
struct uart_icount { __u32 cts; __u32 dsr; __u32 rng; __u32 dcd; __u32 rx; /* 发送字符计数 */ __u32 tx; /* 接受字符计数 */ __u32 frame; /* 帧错误计数 */ __u32 overrun; /* Rx FIFO溢出计数 */ __u32 parity; /* 帧校验错误计数 */ __u32 brk; /* break计数 */ __u32 buf_overrun; };
- uart_stat有两个成员在底层串口驱动会用到:xmit和port。用户空间程序通过串口发送数据时,上层驱动将用户数据保存在xmit;而串口发送中断处理函数就是通过xmit获取到用户数据并将它们发送出去。串口接收中断处理函数需要通过port将接收到的数据传递给行规则层。
/* * This is the state information which is persistent across opens. */ struct uart_state { struct tty_port port; int pm_state; struct circ_buf xmit; struct tasklet_struct tlet; struct uart_port *uart_port; };
3. uart_ops
uart_ops涵盖了串口驱动可对串口设备进行的所有操作
/* * This structure describes all the operations that can be * done on the physical hardware. */ struct uart_ops { unsigned int (*tx_empty)(struct uart_port *);/* 串口的Tx FIFO缓存是否为空 */ void (*set_mctrl)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int mctrl);/* 设置串口modem控制 */ unsigned int (*get_mctrl)(struct uart_port *); /* 获取串口modem控制 */ void (*stop_tx)(struct uart_port *);/* 禁止串口发送数据 */ void (*start_tx)(struct uart_port *);/* 使能串口发送数据 */ void (*send_xchar)(struct uart_port *, char ch);/* 发送xChar */ void (*stop_rx)(struct uart_port *);/* 禁止串口接收数据 */ void (*enable_ms)(struct uart_port *);/* 使能modem的状态信号 */ void (*break_ctl)(struct uart_port *, int ctl); /* 设置break信号 */ int (*startup)(struct uart_port *);/* 启动串口,应用程序打开串口设备文件时,该函数会被调用 */ void (*shutdown)(struct uart_port *);/* 关闭串口,应用程序关闭串口设备文件时,该函数会被调用 */ void (*flush_buffer)(struct uart_port *); void (*set_termios)(struct uart_port *, struct ktermios *new, struct ktermios *old);/* 设置串口参数 */ void (*set_ldisc)(struct uart_port *, int new); void (*pm)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int state, unsigned int oldstate);/* 串口电源管理 */ int (*set_wake)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int state); void (*wake_peer)(struct uart_port *); /* * Return a string describing the type of the port */ const char *(*type)(struct uart_port *);/* 返回一描述串口类型的字符串 */ /* * Release IO and memory resources used by the port. * This includes iounmap if necessary. */ void (*release_port)(struct uart_port *);/* 释放串口已申请的IO端口/IO内存资源,必要时还需iounmap */ /* * Request IO and memory resources used by the port. * This includes iomapping the port if necessary. */ int (*request_port)(struct uart_port *); /* 申请必要的IO端口/IO内存资源,必要时还可以重新映射串口端口 */ void (*config_port)(struct uart_port *, int);/* 执行串口所需的自动配置 */ int (*verify_port)(struct uart_port *, struct serial_struct *);/* 验证串口所需的自动配置 */ int (*ioctl)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int, unsigned long); #ifdef CONFIG_CONSOLE_POLL void (*poll_put_char)(struct uart_port *, unsigned char); int (*poll_get_char)(struct uart_port *); #endif };
UART驱动的主体工作通过下列函数来实现:
#include<>static struct uart_ops serial_omap_pops = { .tx_empty = serial_omap_tx_empty,/*检车发送FIFO缓冲区是否空*/ .set_mctrl = serial_omap_set_mctrl,/*是否设置串口流控cts*/ .get_mctrl = serial_omap_get_mctrl,/*是否串口流控*/ .stop_tx = serial_omap_stop_tx,/*停止发送*/ .start_tx = serial_omap_start_tx,/*启动发送*/ .throttle = serial_omap_throttle,/**/ .unthrottle = serial_omap_unthrottle,/**/ .stop_rx = serial_omap_stop_rx,/*停止接收*/ .enable_ms = serial_omap_enable_ms,/**/ .break_ctl = serial_omap_break_ctl,/*发送break信号*/ .startup = serial_omap_startup,/*串口发送/接收,以及中断申请初始配置函数*/ .shutdown = serial_omap_shutdown,/*关闭串口*/ .set_termios = serial_omap_set_termios,/*串口clk,波特率,数据位等参数设置*/ .pm = serial_omap_pm,/*电源管理函数*/ .set_wake = serial_omap_set_wake,/**/ .type = serial_omap_type,/*CPU类型关于串口*/ .release_port = serial_omap_release_port,/*释放串口*/ .request_port = serial_omap_request_port,/*申请串口*/ .config_port = serial_omap_config_port,/*串口的一些配置信息info*/ .verify_port = serial_omap_verify_port,/*串口检测*/ .ioctl = serial_omap_ioctl,/**/#ifdef CONFIG_CONSOLE_POLL .poll_put_char = serial_omap_poll_put_char,/**/ .poll_get_char = serial_omap_poll_get_char,/**/#endif};
而在serial_core.c中定义了tty_operations的实例,包含uart_open();uart_close();uart_send_xchar()等成员函数,这些函数借助uart_ops结构体中的成员函数来完成具体的操作。
static const struct tty_operations uart_ops = { .open = uart_open, .close = uart_close, .write = uart_write, .put_char = uart_put_char, .flush_chars = uart_flush_chars, .write_room = uart_write_room, .chars_in_buffer= uart_chars_in_buffer, .flush_buffer = uart_flush_buffer, .ioctl = uart_ioctl, .throttle = uart_throttle, .unthrottle = uart_unthrottle, .send_xchar = uart_send_xchar, .set_termios = uart_set_termios, .set_ldisc = uart_set_ldisc, .stop = uart_stop, .start = uart_start, .hangup = uart_hangup, .break_ctl = uart_break_ctl, .wait_until_sent= uart_wait_until_sent,#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS .proc_fops = &uart_proc_fops,#endif .tiocmget = uart_tiocmget, .tiocmset = uart_tiocmset,#ifdef CONFIG_CONSOLE_POLL .poll_init = uart_poll_init, .poll_get_char = uart_poll_get_char, .poll_put_char = uart_poll_put_char,#endif};
从下面的例子中可以看出串口核心层的tty_operations与uart_ops的关系:
/* * This function is used to send a high-priority XON/XOFF character to * the device */static void uart_send_xchar(struct tty_struct *tty, char ch){ struct uart_state *state = tty->driver_data; struct uart_port *port = state->uart_port; unsigned long flags; if (port->ops->send_xchar)/*如果uart_ops中实现了send_xchar成员函数*/ port->ops->send_xchar(port, ch); else { port->x_char = ch; if (ch) { spin_lock_irqsave(&port->lock, flags); port->ops->start_tx(port); spin_unlock_irqrestore(&port->lock, flags); } }}
(待续)
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