380. Insert Delete GetRandom O(1)
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Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time.
insert(val)
: Inserts an item val to the set if not already present.remove(val)
: Removes an item val from the set if present.getRandom
: Returns a random element from current set of elements. Each element must have the same probability of being returned.
Example:
// Init an empty set.RandomizedSet randomSet = new RandomizedSet();// Inserts 1 to the set. Returns true as 1 was inserted successfully.randomSet.insert(1);// Returns false as 2 does not exist in the set.randomSet.remove(2);// Inserts 2 to the set, returns true. Set now contains [1,2].randomSet.insert(2);// getRandom should return either 1 or 2 randomly.randomSet.getRandom();// Removes 1 from the set, returns true. Set now contains [2].randomSet.remove(1);// 2 was already in the set, so return false.randomSet.insert(2);// Since 2 is the only number in the set, getRandom always return 2.randomSet.getRandom();
这题难在O(1)的复杂度
insert:
由于是hashmap,所以查找是O(1)的
remove:
在AaaryList里删除不是O(1)的,但是替换和删除最后一位是O(1)的。
所以将要删除的数替换到最后一位。
getRandom:
ArrayList里查找是O(1)的
map的value存放key在list里的位置,将要删除的数和最后一个数互换,避免了删除数组带来的时间复杂度。
public class RandomizedSet { ArrayList<Integer> list; HashMap<Integer, Integer> map; java.util.Random rand = new java.util.Random(); /** Initialize your data structure here. */ public RandomizedSet() { list = new ArrayList<Integer>(); map = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>(); } /** Inserts a value to the set. Returns true if the set did not already contain the specified element. */ public boolean insert(int val) { boolean contain = map.containsKey(val); if ( contain ) return false; map.put( val, list.size()); list.add(val); return true; } /** Removes a value from the set. Returns true if the set contained the specified element. */ public boolean remove(int val) { boolean contain = map.containsKey(val); if ( ! contain ) return false; int index = map.get(val); if (index < list.size() - 1 ) { // not the last one than swap the last one with this val int lastone = list.get(list.size() - 1 ); list.set( index , lastone ); map.put(lastone, index); } map.remove(val); list.remove(list.size() - 1); return true; } /** Get a random element from the set. */ public int getRandom() { return list.get( rand.nextInt(list.size()) ); }}
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