SpringMVC 的基础搭建

史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

来源：Sunnier发布时间：2015-06-22 阅读次数：311945

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　一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序

　　1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

　　2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

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<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->

<servlet>

    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>

    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

    <init-param>

          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

          <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>

      </init-param>

      <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->

</servlet>

 

<servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>

    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

　　3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

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<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvchttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">                   

 

    <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->

    <context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC"/>

 

    <!-- don't handle the static resource -->

    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

 

    <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->

    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

     

    <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->

    <beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"

            id="internalResourceViewResolver">

        <!-- 前缀 -->

        <propertyname="prefix"value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>

        <!-- 后缀 -->

        <propertyname="suffix"value=".jsp"/>

    </bean>

</beans>

　　4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

　　5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

　　6.编写Controller代码

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@Controller

@RequestMapping("/mvc")

public class mvcController {

 

    @RequestMapping("/hello")

    publicString hello(){       

        return"hello";

    }

}

　　7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

　二、配置解析

　　1.Dispatcherservlet

　　DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

　　2.InternalResourceViewResolver

　　视图名称解析器

　　3.以上出现的注解

　　@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

　　@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

　三、SpringMVC常用注解

　　@Controller

　　负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

　　@RequestMapping

　　注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

　　@RequestBody

　　该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

　　@ResponseBody

　　该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区

　　@ModelAttribute 　　　

　　在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

　　在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中 

　　@RequestParam　

　　在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法

　　@PathVariable

　　绑定 URL 占位符到入参

　　@ExceptionHandler

　　注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法

　　@ControllerAdvice

　　使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常

　四、自动匹配参数

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//match automatically

@RequestMapping("/person")

public String toPerson(String name,double age){

    System.out.println(name+" "+age);

    return"hello";

}

　五、自动装箱

　　1.编写一个Person实体类

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package test.SpringMVC.model;

 

public class Person {

    publicString getName() {

        returnname;

    }

    publicvoid setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

    publicint getAge() {

        returnage;

    }

    publicvoid setAge(intage) {

        this.age = age;

    }

    privateString name;

    privateint age;

     

}

　　2.在Controller里编写方法

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//boxing automatically

@RequestMapping("/person1")

public String toPerson(Person p){

    System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());

    return"hello";

}

　六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数

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//the parameter was converted in initBinder

@RequestMapping("/date")

public String date(Date date){

    System.out.println(date);

    return"hello";

}

    

//At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"

@InitBinder

public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){

    binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class,new CustomDateEditor(newSimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),

            true));

}

　七、向前台传递参数

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//pass the parameters to front-end

@RequestMapping("/show")

public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){

    Person p =newPerson();

    map.put("p", p);

    p.setAge(20);

    p.setName("jayjay");

    return"show";

}

　　前台可在Request域中取到"p"

　八、使用Ajax调用

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//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax

@RequestMapping("/getPerson")

public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){

    pw.write("hello,"+name);       

}

@RequestMapping("/name")

public String sayHello(){

    return"name";

}

　　前台用下面的Jquery代码调用

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$(function(){

    $("#btn").click(function(){

       $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){

            alert(data);

        });

    });

});

　九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

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//redirect

@RequestMapping("/redirect")

public String redirect(){

    return"redirect:hello";

}

　十、文件上传

　　1.需要导入两个jar包

　　2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

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<!-- upload settings -->

<beanid="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">

    <propertyname="maxUploadSize"value="102400000"></property>

</bean>

　　3.方法代码

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@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)

public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throwsException{

    MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;

    MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");

    String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();

    SimpleDateFormat sdf =new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");       

    FileOutputStream fos =new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+

            "upload/"+sdf.format(newDate())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));

    fos.write(file.getBytes());

    fos.flush();

    fos.close();

     

    return"hello";

}

　　4.前台form表单

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<formaction="mvc/upload"method="post"enctype="multipart/form-data">

    <inputtype="file"name="file"><br>

    <inputtype="submit"value="submit">

</form>

　十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name

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@Controller

@RequestMapping("/test")

public class mvcController1 {

    @RequestMapping(value="/param")

    publicString testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,

            @RequestParam(value="name")String name){

        System.out.println(id+" "+name);

        return"/hello";

    }   

}

　十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC

　　1.RestController

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@Controller

@RequestMapping("/rest")

public class RestController {

    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)

    publicString get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        System.out.println("get"+id);

        return"/hello";

    }

     

    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)

    publicString post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        System.out.println("post"+id);

        return"/hello";

    }

     

    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)

    publicString put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        System.out.println("put"+id);

        return"/hello";

    }

     

    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)

    publicString delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        System.out.println("delete"+id);

        return"/hello";

    }

     

}

　　2.form表单发送put和delete请求

　　在web.xml中配置

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<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->

<filter>

    <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>

    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>

</filter>

<filter-mapping>

    <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>

    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

</filter-mapping>

　　在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

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<formaction="rest/user/1"method="post">

    <inputtype="hidden"name="_method"value="PUT">

    <inputtype="submit"value="put">

</form>

 

<formaction="rest/user/1"method="post">

    <inputtype="submit"value="post">

</form>

 

<formaction="rest/user/1"method="get">

    <inputtype="submit"value="get">

</form>

 

<formaction="rest/user/1"method="post">

    <inputtype="hidden"name="_method"value="DELETE">

    <inputtype="submit"value="delete">

</form>

　十三、返回json格式的字符串

　　1.导入以下jar包

　　2.方法代码

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@Controller

@RequestMapping("/json")

public class jsonController {

     

    @ResponseBody

    @RequestMapping("/user")

    public User get(){

        User u =new User();

        u.setId(1);

        u.setName("jayjay");

        u.setBirth(newDate());

        returnu;

    }

}

　十四、异常的处理

　　1.处理局部异常（Controller内）

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@ExceptionHandler

public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){

    ModelAndView mv =new ModelAndView("error");

    mv.addObject("exception", ex);

    System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");

    returnmv;

}

    

@RequestMapping("/error")

public String error(){

    inti = 5/0;

    return"hello";

}

　　2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）

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@ControllerAdvice

public class testControllerAdvice {

    @ExceptionHandler

    publicModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){

        ModelAndView mv =new ModelAndView("error");

        mv.addObject("exception", ex);

        System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");

        returnmv;

    }

}

　　3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

　　在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

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<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->

<beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">

    <propertyname="exceptionMappings">

        <props>

            <propkey="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>

        </props>

    </property>

</bean>

　　error是出错页面

　十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

　　1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

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public class MyInterceptor implementsHandlerInterceptor {

 

    @Override

    publicvoid afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,

            HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)

            throwsException {

        System.out.println("afterCompletion");

    }

 

    @Override

    publicvoid postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,

            Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3)throws Exception {

        System.out.println("postHandle");

    }

 

    @Override

    publicboolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,

            Object arg2)throws Exception {

        System.out.println("preHandle");

        returntrue;

    }

 

}

　　2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

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<!-- interceptor setting -->

<mvc:interceptors>

    <mvc:interceptor>

        <mvc:mappingpath="/mvc/**"/>

        <beanclass="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>

    </mvc:interceptor>       

</mvc:interceptors>

　　3.拦截器执行顺序

　十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化

　　1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未选中不用导入)

　　2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

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public class User {

    publicint getId() {

        returnid;

    }

    publicvoid setId(intid) {

        this.id = id;

    }

    publicString getName() {

        returnname;

    }

    publicvoid setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

    publicDate getBirth() {

        returnbirth;

    }

    publicvoid setBirth(Date birth) {

        this.birth = birth;

    }

    @Override

    publicString toString() {

        return"User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";

    }   

    privateint id;

    @NotEmpty

    privateString name;

 

    @Past

    @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")

    privateDate birth;

}

　　ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

　　3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

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<form:formaction="form/add"method="post"modelAttribute="user">

    id:<form:inputpath="id"/><form:errorspath="id"/><br>

    name:<form:inputpath="name"/><form:errorspath="name"/><br>

    birth:<form:inputpath="birth"/><form:errorspath="birth"/>

    <inputtype="submit"value="submit">

</form:form>

　　ps:path对应name

　　4.Controller中代码

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@Controller

@RequestMapping("/form")

public class formController {

    @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)   

    publicString add(@ValidUser u,BindingResult br){

        if(br.getErrorCount()>0){           

            return"addUser";

        }

        return"showUser";

    }

     

    @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)

    publicString add(Map<String,Object> map){

        map.put("user",newUser());

        return"addUser";

    }

}

　　ps:

　　1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个"user".

　　2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

　　3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显

　　5.错误信息自定义

　　在src目录下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be emptyPast.user.birth=birth should be a past valueDateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

　　在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

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<!-- configure the locale resource -->

<beanid="messageSource"class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">

    <propertyname="basename"value="locale"></property>

</bean>

　　6.国际化显示

　　在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=账号password=密码

　　locale.properties中添加

username=user namepassword=password

　　创建一个locale.jsp

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<body>

  <fmt:messagekey="username"></fmt:message>

  <fmt:messagekey="password"></fmt:message>

</body>

　　在SpringMVC中配置

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<!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->

<mvc:view-controllerpath="/locale"view-name="locale"/>

　　让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问

　　最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

　十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

　　1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类

　　2.User实体类

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public class User {

    publicint getId() {

        returnid;

    }

    publicvoid setId(intid) {

        this.id = id;

    }

    publicString getName() {

        returnname;

    }

    publicvoid setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

    publicDate getBirth() {

        returnbirth;

    }

    publicvoid setBirth(Date birth) {

        this.birth = birth;

    }

    @Override

    publicString toString() {

        return"User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";

    }   

    privateint id;

    @NotEmpty

    privateString name;

 

    @Past

    @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")

    privateDate birth;

}

　　3.UserService类

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@Component

public class UserService {

    publicUserService(){

        System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");

    }

     

    publicvoid save(){

        System.out.println("save");

    }

}

　　4.UserController

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@Controller

@RequestMapping("/integrate")

public class UserController {

    @Autowired

    privateUserService userService;

     

    @RequestMapping("/user")

    publicString saveUser(@RequestBody@ModelAttribute User u){

        System.out.println(u);

        userService.save();

        return"hello";

    }

}

　　5.Spring配置文件

　　在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

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<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd

        "

        xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"

        xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   

        >

    <context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">

        <context:exclude-filtertype="annotation"

            expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>

        <context:exclude-filtertype="annotation"

            expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>       

    </context:component-scan>

     

</beans>

　　在Web.xml中添加配置

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<!-- configure the springIOC -->

<listener>

    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>

</listener>

<context-param> 

  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 

  <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>

</context-param>

　　6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

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<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->

    <context:component-scanbase-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">

        <context:include-filtertype="annotation"

            expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>

        <context:include-filtertype="annotation"

            expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>

    </context:component-scan>

　十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图

　十九、SpringMVC与struts2的区别

　　1、springmvc基于方法开发的，struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个Handler对象，对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束，形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。

　　2、springmvc可以进行单例开发，并且建议使用单例开发，struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数，无法使用单例，只能使用多例。

　　3、经过实际测试，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts标签，如果使用struts建议使用jstl。