linux进程管理工具supervisor

英文比较好的朋友，可以查看这篇文章
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-manage-supervisor-on-ubuntu-and-debian-vps

用途

有一个进程需要每时每刻不断的跑，但是这个进程又有可能由于各种原因有可能中断。当进程中断的时候，希望能自动重新启动它。此时，我就需要使用到了Supervisor。

前言

supervisor管理的进程必须由supervisor来启动
supervisor还要求管理的程序是非daemon程序，supervisord会帮你把它转成daemon程序，因此如果用supervisor来管理nginx的话，必须在nginx的配置文件里添加一行设置daemon off让nginx以非daemon方式启动。
supervisor工具包括4个组成部分：supervisord，supervisorctl，Web Server，XML-RPC Interface。

supervisord

它负责在自己的调用启动子程序，响应客户端的命令，重新启动崩溃或退出的子进程，记录其子进程stdout和stderr输出

supervisorctl

supervisord的命令行客户端，是一个shell界面，可以操作supervisord提供的操作功能。从supervisorctl，用户可以连接到不同的supervisord进程，获得每个子进程的状态，以及停止和启动子进程。
它通过UNIX socker或TCP socket和服务端进行连接。

Web Server

在浏览器中执行supervisorctl的各种操作

XML-RPC Interface

和HTTP服务相似，这是提供了一个XML-RPC接口。你可以通过该接口去执行supervisorctl的操作。

其中最重要的是supervisord和supervisorctl。

1：安装

sudo easy_install supervisor

2：生成配置文件

【修改时间】：2017年7月3日
【增加内容】：现在的版本好像不需要再手动创建配置文件了。主配置文件默认为/etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf，建议你把自己增加的配置文件放在/etc/supervisor/conf.d目录下。主配置文件会包含该路径下的所有.conf结尾的文件

sudo su - root -c "echo_supervisord_conf > /etc/supervisord.conf"

严谨的讲，你需要对这个文件进行权限设置，因为它可能包含未加密的用户名和密码。

3：修改配置文件

在默认的配置文件中，supervisord.pid 以及 supervisor.sock 是放在 /tmp 目录下，但是 /tmp 目录是存放临时文件，里面的文件是会被 Linux 系统删除的，一旦这些文件丢失，就无法再通过 supervisorctl 来执行 restart 和 stop 命令了，将只会得到unix:///tmp/supervisor.sock不存在的错误 。

【修改时间】：2017年7月3日
【增加内容】：主配置文件默认为/etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf，建议你把自己增加的配置文件放在/etc/supervisor/conf.d目录下。主配置文件会包含该路径下的所有.conf结尾的文件

sudo vi /etc/supervisord.conf

; Sample supervisor config file.;; For more information on the config file, please see:; http://supervisord.org/configuration.html;; Note: shell expansion ("~" or "$HOME") is not supported.  Environment; variables can be expanded using this syntax: "%(ENV_HOME)s".[unix_http_server]file=/var/run/supervisor.sock   ; (the path to the socket file);chmod=0700                 ; socket file mode (default 0700);chown=nobody:nogroup       ; socket file uid:gid owner;username=user              ; (default is no username (open server));password=123               ; (default is no password (open server));[inet_http_server]         ; inet (TCP) server disabled by default;port=127.0.0.1:9001        ; (ip_address:port specifier, *:port for all iface);username=user              ; (default is no username (open server));password=123               ; (default is no password (open server))[supervisord]logfile=/var/log/supervisord.log ; (main log file;default $CWD/supervisord.log)logfile_maxbytes=50MB        ; (max main logfile bytes b4 rotation;default 50MB)logfile_backups=10           ; (num of main logfile rotation backups;default 10)loglevel=info                ; (log level;default info; others: debug,warn,trace)pidfile=/var/run/supervisord.pid ; (supervisord pidfile;default supervisord.pid)nodaemon=false               ; (start in foreground if true;default false)minfds=1024                  ; (min. avail startup file descriptors;default 1024)minprocs=200                 ; (min. avail process descriptors;default 200);umask=022                   ; (process file creation umask;default 022);user=chrism                 ; (default is current user, required if root);user=root                    ; (default is current user, required if root);password=rootpasswd        ; (default is no password (open server));identifier=supervisor       ; (supervisord identifier, default is 'supervisor');directory=/tmp              ; (default is not to cd during start);nocleanup=true              ; (don't clean up tempfiles at start;default false);childlogdir=/tmp            ; ('AUTO' child log dir, default $TEMP);environment=KEY=value       ; (key value pairs to add to environment);strip_ansi=false            ; (strip ansi escape codes in logs; def. false); the below section must remain in the config file for RPC; (supervisorctl/web interface) to work, additional interfaces may be; added by defining them in separate rpcinterface: sections[rpcinterface:supervisor]supervisor.rpcinterface_factory = supervisor.rpcinterface:make_main_rpcinterface[supervisorctl]serverurl=unix:///var/run/supervisor.sock ; use a unix:// URL  for a unix socket;serverurl=http://127.0.0.1:9001 ; use an http:// url to specify an inet socket;username=chris              ; should be same as http_username if set;password=123                ; should be same as http_password if set;prompt=mysupervisor         ; cmd line prompt (default "supervisor");history_file=~/.sc_history  ; use readline history if available; The below sample program section shows all possible program subsection values,; create one or more 'real' program: sections to be able to control them under; supervisor.;[program:theprogramname];command=/bin/cat              ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args);process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s);numprocs=1                    ; number of processes copies to start (def 1);directory=/tmp                ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd);umask=022                     ; umask for process (default None);priority=999                  ; the relative start priority (default 999);autostart=true                ; start at supervisord start (default: true);autorestart=unexpected        ; whether/when to restart (default: unexpected);startsecs=1                   ; number of secs prog must stay running (def. 1);startretries=3                ; max # of serial start failures (default 3);exitcodes=0,2                 ; 'expected' exit codes for process (default 0,2);stopsignal=QUIT               ; signal used to kill process (default TERM);stopwaitsecs=10               ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10);stopasgroup=false             ; send stop signal to the UNIX process group (default false);killasgroup=false             ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false);user=chrism                   ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program;redirect_stderr=true          ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false);stdout_logfile=/a/path        ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB   ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB);stdout_logfile_backups=10     ; # of stdout logfile backups (default 10);stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB   ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0);stdout_events_enabled=false   ; emit events on stdout writes (default false);stderr_logfile=/a/path        ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB   ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB);stderr_logfile_backups=10     ; # of stderr logfile backups (default 10);stderr_capture_maxbytes=1MB   ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0);stderr_events_enabled=false   ; emit events on stderr writes (default false);environment=A=1,B=2           ; process environment additions (def no adds);serverurl=AUTO                ; override serverurl computation (childutils); The below sample eventlistener section shows all possible; eventlistener subsection values, create one or more 'real'; eventlistener: sections to be able to handle event notifications; sent by supervisor.;[eventlistener:theeventlistenername];command=/bin/eventlistener    ; the program (relative uses PATH, can take args);process_name=%(program_name)s ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s);numprocs=1                    ; number of processes copies to start (def 1);events=EVENT                  ; event notif. types to subscribe to (req'd);buffer_size=10                ; event buffer queue size (default 10);directory=/tmp                ; directory to cwd to before exec (def no cwd);umask=022                     ; umask for process (default None);priority=-1                   ; the relative start priority (default -1);autostart=true                ; start at supervisord start (default: true);autorestart=unexpected        ; whether/when to restart (default: unexpected);startsecs=1                   ; number of secs prog must stay running (def. 1);startretries=3                ; max # of serial start failures (default 3);exitcodes=0,2                 ; 'expected' exit codes for process (default 0,2);stopsignal=QUIT               ; signal used to kill process (default TERM);stopwaitsecs=10               ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10);stopasgroup=false             ; send stop signal to the UNIX process group (default false);killasgroup=false             ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false);user=chrism                   ; setuid to this UNIX account to run the program;redirect_stderr=true          ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false);stdout_logfile=/a/path        ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB   ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB);stdout_logfile_backups=10     ; # of stdout logfile backups (default 10);stdout_events_enabled=false   ; emit events on stdout writes (default false);stderr_logfile=/a/path        ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB   ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB);stderr_logfile_backups        ; # of stderr logfile backups (default 10);stderr_events_enabled=false   ; emit events on stderr writes (default false);environment=A=1,B=2           ; process environment additions;serverurl=AUTO                ; override serverurl computation (childutils); The below sample group section shows all possible group values,; create one or more 'real' group: sections to create "heterogeneous"; process groups.;[group:thegroupname];programs=progname1,progname2  ; each refers to 'x' in [program:x] definitions;priority=999                  ; the relative start priority (default 999); The [include] section can just contain the "files" setting.  This; setting can list multiple files (separated by whitespace or; newlines).  It can also contain wildcards.  The filenames are; interpreted as relative to this file.  Included files *cannot*; include files themselves.;[include];files = relative/directory/*.ini

4：添加program

在配置文件中，添加一个自己要执行的命令或自己写的脚本

4.1：先写个脚本

vi /home/wang/testvisor.py

#! /use/bin/env pythonfrom datetime import datetimeimport timewhile True:    print datetime.now()    time.sleep(7)

4.2：在supervisord.conf中添加program

【修改时间】：2017年7月3日
【增加内容】：主配置文件默认为/etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf，建议你把自己增加的配置文件放在/etc/supervisor/conf.d目录下。主配置文件会包含该路径下的所有.conf结尾的文件

vi /etc/supervisord.conf

在文件中添加下面的代码

[program:printdate]command=python testvisor.pydirectory=/home/wangstdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/printdate.logstdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MBstdout_logfile_backups=10

2017年3月20日更新
如果需要执行的命令行中有百分号（%），那么你需要用%%来代替。否则，%会认为是supervisor中的变量。

4.3：更多配置以及说明

官方文档：
http://supervisord.org/configuration.html#program-x-section-settings

下面是我从网络上搜到的关于部分配置的中文解释

;[program:应用名称][program:cat];执行的命令command=python printdate.py;进程名称;当numprocs为1时,process_name=%(program_name)s;当numprocs>=2时,%(program_name)s_%(process_num)02dprocess_name=%(program_name)s;进程数量numprocs=1;执行命令的目录directory=/home/wang;掩码umask=022;优先级，值越高，启动的越晚，关闭的越早。默认999priority=999;是否自动启动。如果是true,当supervisor启动时,程序将会自动启动autostart=trueautorestart=true;值范围：false, unexpected, true;false：不会自动重新启动该进程;unexpected：当程序退出并且退出代码不是与此进程配置相关联的退出代码（请参阅exitcodes，默认值为0,2）时，该进程将重新启动;true：进程将在退出时无条件地重新启动，不考虑其退出代码。; 启动10秒后没有异常退出，就当作已经正常启动了。默认1秒startsecs=10;该命令退出后，尝试重新启动的次数，默认3次startretries=3;当退出码是多少时执行重启。默认值0,2exitcodes=0,2;停止信号stopsignal=TERMstopwaitsecs=10;以哪个用户执行该命令user=root;错误重定向redirect_stderr=false;输出日志文件stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/printdate.log;单个日志文件的最大容量stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB;最多几个日志文件stdout_logfile_backups=10;错误日志stderr_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/printdateerr.logstderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MBstderr_logfile_backups=10;环境变量设置environment=A="1",B="2"

配置修改后，需要supervisorctl update后才可以生效

5：supervisord运行和关闭

service supervisor startservice supervisor stopservice supervisor restart

或者

sudo supervisord -c /etc/supervisor/supervisord.confsudo supervisorctl shutdown

6：查看输出

程序输出到日志文件

cat /var/log/supervisor/printdate.log

7：操作supervisord

操作supervisord是通过supervisorctl
7.1：你可以进入supervisorctl的控制台

sudo supervisorctl

7.2：也可以在shell中直接执行控制命令

sudo supervisorctl status

7.3：控制命令

printdate为[program:printdate]里配置的值，这个示例就是printdate。

停止某一个进程sudo supervisorctl stop printdate

启动某个进程sudo supervisorctl start printdate  

重启某个进程sudo supervisorctl restart printdate

重启所有属于名为groupworker这个分组的进程(start,restart同理)sudo supervisorctl stop groupworker:

停止全部进程。注：start、restart、stop都不会载入最新的配置文件。sudo supervisorctl stop all

载入最新的配置文件，停止原有进程并按新的配置启动、管理所有进程。sudo supervisorctl reload

根据最新的配置文件，启动新配置或有改动的进程，配置没有改动的进程不会受影响而重启。sudo supervisorctl update

关闭supervisordsudo supervisorctl shutdown

注意：显示用stop停止掉的进程，用reload或者update都不会自动重启。

8：官方文档

8.1：配置详情
https://github.com/Supervisor/supervisor/blob/master/docs/configuration.rst

8.2：supervisord的命令行参数
https://github.com/Supervisor/supervisor/blob/master/docs/running.rst#commandsupervisord-command-line-options

8.3：supervisorctl的命令行参数
https://github.com/Supervisor/supervisor/blob/master/docs/running.rst#commandsupervisorctl-command-line-options

8.4：ctl的控制命令
https://github.com/Supervisor/supervisor/blob/master/docs/running.rst#commandsupervisorctl-actions

8.5：其他
https://github.com/Supervisor/supervisor/tree/master/docs

9：本文参考文档

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26000296-id-4759916.html
http://www.kuqin.com/shuoit/20151008/348366.html
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000000606682
http://liyangliang.me/posts/2015/06/using-supervisor/
http://www.tuicool.com/articles/Ejm2u2
http://www.tuicool.com/articles/vIRzQnR