Mail

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## mail ##

1.配置dns

[root@mailwestos named]# yum install bind -y //安装dns软件

[root@mailwestos named]# vim /etc/named.conf

...

options {

listen-on port 53 { any; }; *

listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };

directory "/var/named";

dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";

statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";

memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";

allow-query { any; }; *

...

[root@mailwestos named]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

...

zone "westos.com" IN {

type master;

file "westos.com.zone";

allow-update { none; };

};

zone "linux.com" IN {

type master;

file "linux.com.zone";

allow-update { none; };

};

...

[root@mailwestos /]# cd /var/named/

[root@mailwestos named]# cp named.localhost westos.com.zone -p

[root@mailwestos named]# vim westos.com.zone

...

$TTL 1D

@ IN SOA dns.westos.com. root.westos.com. (

0 ; serial

1D ; refresh

1H ; retry

1W ; expire

3H ) ; minimum

NS dns.westos.com.

dns A 172.25.254.104

westos.com. MX 1 172.25.254.104.

...

[root@mailwestos named]# cp named.localhost linux.com.zone -p

[root@mailwestos named]# vim linux.com.zone

...

$TTL 1D

@ IN SOA dns.linux.com. root.linux.com. (

0 ; serial

1D ; refresh

1H ; retry

1W ; expire

3H ) ; minimum

NS dns.linux.com.

dns A 172.25.254.104

linux.com. MX 1 172.25.254.204.

...

[root@mailwestos named]# systemctl stop firewalld

测试端：

[root@maillinux ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 172.25.254.104 *

[root@maillinux ~]# dig -t mx westos.com

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> -t mx westos.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 56422

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;westos.com. IN MX

;; ANSWER SECTION:

westos.com. 86400 IN MX 1 172.25.254.104.

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

westos.com. 86400 IN NS dns.westos.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com. 86400 IN A 172.25.254.104

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.104#53(172.25.254.104)

;; WHEN: Fri Mar 10 21:48:20 EST 2017

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 103

2.配置服务器邮箱互发：

A方：

[root@mailwestos named]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

...

76 myhostname = mailwestos.westos.com //主机名

84 mydomain = westos.com //域名

100 myorigin = $mydomain //root@域名，发送方可见

114 inet_interfaces = all //允许所有端口

117 #inet_interfaces = localhost //注释调只允许本地访问

165 mydestination = $myhostname,$mydomain, localhost //接受地址

...

[root@mailwestos named]# systemctl restart postfix.service

B方：

[root@maillinux named]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

...

76 myhostname = linuxwestos.westos.com //主机名

84 mydomain = linux.com //域名

100 myorigin = $mydomain //root@域名，发送方可见

114 inet_interfaces = all //允许所有端口

117 #inet_interfaces = localhost //注释调只允许本地访问

165 mydestination = $myhostname,$mydomain, localhost //接受地址

...

[root@maillinux named]# systemctl restart postfix.service

**双方都需要关闭火墙**

3.postfix详细配置：

(常用命令)

postqueue -f 清空队列

postsuper -d 编号删除指定编号队列

postconf -d 查看默认设置

postconf -n 查看当前设置

postconf -e "inet_interfaces = all" 修改选项

修改发送用户

[root@mailwestos named]# vim /etc/aliases

...

admin: root //用假的admin用户，表示root用户，root用户不变。

more: :include:/etc/postfix/users //多用户发送，用户名单在指定文件中。

[root@mailwestos named]# postalias /etc/aliases //加密/etc/aliases ，修改一次加密一次。

[root@mailwestos named]# vim /etc/postfix/users

root

student

测试：

mail admin@westos.com //不仅在本机适用，远程发送也可以用代表用户发送。

mail more //多用户发送；

空壳用户：

（另一台主机）

[root@maillinux ~]# vim /etc/postfix/virtual

...

admin@qq.com root@linux.com //空壳用户

@qq.com @linux.com //空壳域名

[root@maillinux ~]# postmap /etc/postfix/virtual //加密，每次修改都需要加密。

[root@maillinux ~]# postconf -d |grep virtual //查看virtual默认设置

[root@maillinux ~]# postconf -e "virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual" //通过哈希加密方式访问加密文件

[root@maillinux ~]# postmap /etc/postfix/virtual

[root@maillinux ~]# systemctl restart postfix.service

测试：

mail admin@qq.com //空壳用户测试

mail student@qq.com //空壳域名测试

修改发送地址：

[root@maillinux ~]# vim /etc/postfix/generic

...

root@linux.com admin@qq.com

[root@maillinux ~]# postmap /etc/postfix/generic

[root@maillinux ~]postconf -e "smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic"

[root@maillinux ~]# postmap /etc/postfix/generic

[root@maillinux ~]# systemctl restart postfix.service

测试：

发送端

mail root@westos.com

接受端

[root@mailwestos named]# mail

Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10. Type ? for help.

"/var/spool/mail/root": 2 messages 1 new

1 root Sat Mar 11 23:23 22/748 "444"

>N 2 root Sat Mar 11 23:25 21/731 "555"

& 2

Message 2:

From admin@qq.com Sat Mar 11 23:25:13 2017

Return-Path: <admin@qq.com>

X-Original-To: root@westos.com

Delivered-To: root@westos.com

Date: Sat, 11 Mar 2017 23:25:12 +0800

To: root@westos.com

Subject: 555

User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.5 7/5/10

Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

From: admin@qq.com (root)

Status: R

444

4.远程控制邮件的发送和接受

发送配置：

[root@foundation4 Desktop]# yum install telnet -y

[root@foundation4 Desktop]# telnet 172.25.254.204 25 //远程控制204给104发

Trying 172.25.254.204...

Connected to 172.25.254.204.

Escape character is '^]'.

220 maillinux.linux.com ESMTP Postfix

ehlo hello

250-maillinux.linux.com

250-PIPELINING

250-SIZE 10240000

250-VRFY

250-ETRN

250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES

250-8BITMIME

250 DSN

mail from:root@qq.com

250 2.1.0 Ok

rcpt to:root@westos.com

250 2.1.5 Ok

data

354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>

aaa

bbb

ccc

250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as D0ADB24252BF

quit

结果：

[root@mailwestos named]# mail

Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10. Type ? for help.

"/var/spool/mail/root": 3 messages 1 new

1 root Sat Mar 11 23:23 22/748 "444"

2 root Sat Mar 11 23:25 22/742 "555"

>N 3 root@qq.com Sat Mar 11 23:38 15/501

& 3

Message 3:

From root@qq.com Sat Mar 11 23:38:25 2017

Return-Path: <root@qq.com>

X-Original-To: root@westos.com

Delivered-To: root@westos.com

Status: R

aaa

bbb

ccc

& q

接受配置：

允许接受服务配置（只能是非root用户）

[root@maillinux ~]# yum install dovecot -y

[root@maillinux ~]# systemctl restart dovecot.service

[root@maillinux ~]# vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf

...

24 protocols = imap pop3 lmtp

48 login_trusted_networks =0.0.0.0/0

49 disable_plaintext_auth= no

...

[root@maillinux ~]# vim 10-mail.conf

...

30 mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u

...

接受方

[root@foundation4 conf.d]# yum install mutt -y

[root@foundation4 conf.d]# mutt -f pop://student@172.25.254.204

注意还需要在接受服务的主机上，进入非root用上，并且执行

[student@maillinux ~]$ mkdir mail

[student@maillinux mail]$ mkdir .imap

[student@maillinux mail]$ touch /home/student/mail/.imap/INBOX

然后重新执行

[root@foundation4 conf.d]# mutt -f pop://student@172.25.254.204

（已经存在的用户，且没有要求文件）

新建立的可以使用：

[root@maillinux ~]# cd /etc/skel/

[root@maillinux skel]# mkdir mail

[root@maillinux skel]# cd mail/

[root@maillinux mail]# mkdir .imap

[root@maillinux mail]# touch .imap/INBOX

建立用户时默认创建

5.使用客户端查看邮件

[root@foundation4 Desktop]# vim /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 172.25.254.104

...

[root@foundation4 Desktop]# thunderbird

照步骤执行

6.postfix-mysql

A.给mysql数据库用户发邮件.

postfix + httpd + php + mysql + stmp

[root@maillinux skel]# yum install mariadb-server httpd php php-mysql -y

[root@maillinux skel]# vim /etc/my.cnf

...

skip-network= 1 //跳过网络访问

...

[root@maillinux skel]# systemctl restart mariadb.service

[root@maillinux skel]# mysql_secure_installation //设置密码lee

[root@maillinux skel]# cd /var/www/html/

[root@maillinux html]# ls

phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2

[root@maillinux html]# tar jxf phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2

[root@maillinux html]# ls

phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2

[root@maillinux html]# rm -fr phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2

[root@maillinux html]# mv phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages/ myadmin

[root@maillinux html]# cd myadmin/

[root@maillinux myadmin]# cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php

[root@maillinux myadmin]# vim config.inc.php

$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'dasdsa'; /* YOU MUST FILL IN THIS FOR COOKIE AUTH! */

...

关闭火墙，用firefox访问172.25.254.204/myadmin

[root@maillinux ~]# cd /etc/postfix/

[root@maillinux postfix]# vim mysql-user.cf

hosts = localhost

user = postfix

password = postfix

dbname = email

table = mailuser

select_field = username

where_field = username

[root@maillinux postfix]# mysql -uroot -plee -e "select username from email.mailuser;"

+------------------+

| username |

+------------------+

| admin@redhat.com |

| westos@luck.com |

+------------------+

[root@maillinux postfix]# vim mysql-user.cf

hosts = localhost

user = postfix

password = postfix

dbname = email

table = mailuser

select_field = username

where_field = username

[root@maillinux postfix]# vim mysql-mailbox.cf

hosts = localhost

user = postfix

password = postfix

dbname = email

table = mailuser

select_field = maildir

where_field = username

检验：

[root@maillinux postfix]# postmap -q "admin@redhat.com" mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-user.cf

admin@redhat.com

[root@maillinux postfix]# postmap -q "admin@redhat.com" mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-mailbox.cf

/redhat.com/admin/

[root@maillinux postfix]# postmap -q "redhat.com" mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-domain.cf

redhat.com

[root@maillinux postfix]# groupadd -g 888 vmail

[root@maillinux postfix]# useradd -u 888 vmail

[root@maillinux postfix]# id 888

uid=888(vmail) gid=888(vmail) groups=888(vmail)

[root@maillinux postfix]# id vmail

uid=888(vmail) gid=888(vmail) groups=888(vmail)

[root@maillinux postfix]# postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail"

[root@maillinux postfix]# postconf -e "virtual_gid_maps = static:888"

[root@maillinux postfix]# postconf -e "virtual_uid_maps = static:888"

[root@maillinux postfix]# postconf -e "virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-user.cf"

[root@maillinux postfix]# postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-domain.cf"

[root@maillinux postfix]# postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-mailbox.cf"

[root@maillinux postfix]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

...

virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail

virtual_gid_maps = static:888

virtual_uid_maps = static:888

virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-user.cf

virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-domain.cf

virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-mailbox.cf

...

测试：

[root@maillinux postfix]# mail westos@luck.com

Subject: 111

aaa

EOT

[root@maillinux postfix]# mail admin@redhat.com

Subject: 222

abc

EOT

[root@maillinux postfix]# cd /home/

[root@maillinux home]# ls

student vmail

[root@maillinux home]# cd vmail/

[root@maillinux vmail]# ls

luck.com redhat.com

[root@maillinux vmail]# cd redhat.com/

[root@maillinux redhat.com]# ls

admin

[root@maillinux redhat.com]# cd admin/

[root@maillinux admin]# ls

cur new tmp //new->未读的 cur->已经读取的 tmp->临时的

B.接受邮件

postfix + httpd + php + mysql + dovecot

[root@maillinux new]# vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf

48 login_trusted_networks =0.0.0.0/0

49 disable_plaintext_auth=no

...

[root@maillinux new]# vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf

...

123 !include auth-sql.conf.ext

...

[root@maillinux new]# vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext

31 # Database driver: mysql, pgsql, sqlite

32 driver = mysql

71 connect = host=localhost dbname=email user=postfix password=postfix

78 default_pass_scheme = PLAIN

107 password_query = \

108 SELECT username, domain, password \

109 FROM mailuser WHERE username = '%u' AND domain = '%d'

125 user_query = SELECT maildir, 888 AS uid, 888 AS gid FROM mailuser WHERE username = '%u'

[root@maillinux new]# vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf

# There are a few special variables you can use, eg.:

# # %u - username

# # %n - user part in user@domain, same as %u if there's no domain

# # %d - domain part in user@domain, empty if there's no domain

# # %h - home directory

mail_location = maildir:/home/vmail/%d/%n

...

[root@maillinux new]# yum install dovecot-mysql -y

[root@maillinux dovecot]# systemctl restart dovecot.service

测试:

[root@foundation4 Desktop]# telnet 172.25.254.204 110

Trying 172.25.254.204...

Connected to 172.25.254.204.

Escape character is '^]'.

+OK [XCLIENT] Dovecot ready.

user admin@redhat.com

+OK

pass 123

+OK Logged in.

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