Qt/QML开发支持下载的简单浏览器

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之前有篇文章介绍过开发简易浏览器(文章标题:QML开发简单浏览器(加载H5)),当时主要介绍了如何使用QML的WebEngineView开发一个可以进行简单浏览网页的应用(仅仅是进行网页的浏览哦^_^),所以没有涉及到网页中下载的情况,这篇文章主要介绍如何利用QML开发出可以进行下载的浏览器,实现将网上的图片和文件下载到本地。

话不多说,先奉上【干货代码】,再奉上【效果图】,最后有【深度解析】。
【干货代码】如下:
import QtQuick 2.4import QtQuick.Layouts 1.2import QtQuick.Controls 1.4import QtQuick.Controls.Styles 1.4import QtQuick.Window 2.2import QtWebEngine 1.2QtObject {    id: windowParent    property bool isInit: true    // Create the initial browsing windows and open the startup page.    Component.onCompleted: {        var firstWindow = windowComponent.createObject(windowParent)        firstWindow.webView.url = "https://www.baidu.com"    }    property Component windowComponent: Window {        // Destroy on close to release the Window's QML resources.        // Because it was created with a parent, it won't be garbage-collected.        id: wnd        onClosing: destroy();        visible: true        width: 800        height: 600        property var downloads;        property QtObject defaultProfile: WebEngineProfile {            storageName: "Default"        }        property WebEngineView webView: webView_        WebEngineView {            id: webView_            anchors.fill: parent            // Handle the signal. Dynamically create the window and            // use its WebEngineView as the destination of our request.            onNewViewRequested: {                var newWindow = windowComponent.createObject(windowParent)                request.openIn(newWindow.webView)                if (windowParent.isInit) {                    profile.downloadRequested.connect(newWindow.onDownloadRequested)                    profile.downloadFinished.connect(newWindow.onDownloadFinished)                    windowParent.isInit = false;                }            }        }        Rectangle {            id: downloadView            visible: false            width: parent.width - 100            height: 20            color: "green"            anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter            anchors.verticalCenter: parent.verticalCenter            property real progress_val;            Rectangle {                id: progress_complete                color: "red"                anchors.left: parent.left                width: parent.width*downloadView.progress_val                height: parent.height            }            Label {                anchors.left: progress_complete.right                anchors.leftMargin: 10                anchors.verticalCenter: progress_complete.verticalCenter                text:parseInt(downloadView.progress_val*100) + "%"                font.bold: true                color: "red"            }        }        Timer {            id: reloadTimer            interval: 10            running: false            repeat: true            onTriggered: {                downloadView.progress_val = downloads.receivedBytes / downloads.totalBytes            }        }        function onDownloadRequested(download) {            downloadView.visible = true            downloadView.progress_val = download.receivedBytes / download.totalBytes            var arr = download.path.split('/');            var name = arr[arr.length-1];            download.path = "E:/Qt_Test/"+name;            downloads = download;            console.log("download->path=", download.path);            reloadTimer.start();            reloadTimer.running = true;            wnd.width = 300;            wnd.height = 130;            download.accept();        }        function onDownloadFinished(download){            console.log("onDownloadFinished")            reloadTimer.stop();            reloadTimer.running = false;            if (download.state === 2)            {                downloadView.progress_val = 1.0;            }            downloadView.visible = false;            wnd.close();        }    }}
以上为核心代码,接下来奉上运行【效果图】:

【深度解析】:

相比开发简单浏览器,要支持下载,必须要给WebEngineView设置profile属性,而profile属性即为WebEngineProfile,查看Qt帮助,对WebEngineView有如下两个信号


所以,当给WebEngineView设置了profile属性后,当WebEngineProfile发送downloadRequested信号时,我们就可以转入到我们自己的函数中,涉及到信号与槽,就必须对信号槽进行连接,因此,在打开新页面初次,我们添加了如下代码:
if (windowParent.isInit) {
    profile.downloadRequested.connect(newWindow.onDownloadRequested)
    profile.downloadFinished.connect(newWindow.onDownloadFinished)
    windowParent.isInit = false;
}
将发送下载请求信号和下载完成信号与对应的槽函数进行连接。至于为什么要用windowParent.isInit进行控制,大家都知道,Qt中如果信号和槽连接多次,那么当信号发出时,就会多次调用连接的槽函数,为了保证只调一次,这里做一控制。
这里需要注意:Qt的帮助有说:
| downloadRequested(WebEngineDownloadItem download)
| This signal is emitted whenever a download has been triggered. The download argument holds |the state of the download. The download has to be explicitly accepted with |WebEngineDownloadItem::accept() or the download will be cancelled by default.
即:在下载请求转让我们对应的槽函数onDownloadRequested中后,必须设置download.accept();才表示我们接受下载请求,否则表示我们拒绝下载。
做完以上工作后,我们就可以将网上的图片和文件下载到本地了(默认下载路径为用户的系统下载目录)。

接下来介绍一些优化项:

(1)下载的图片只能下载到用户的系统下载目录吗?不,我们要自己设置自己的下载路径,因此,这里就需要对downloadRequested信号所对应的槽函数onDownloadRequested所带的参数WebEngineDownloadItem进行设置,如下:

var arr = download.path.split('/');
var name = arr[arr.length-1];
download.path = "E:/Qt_Test/"+name;
这样,就将默认的下载路径改变为我们自己的"E:/Qt_Test/"目录下了。
(2)我们想要获取下载的进度,怎么办?对downloadRequested信号所对应的槽函数onDownloadRequested所带的参数WebEngineDownloadItem进行查看帮助,我们能发现其有两个属性 receivedBytes:int 和 totalBytes:int 属性,通过这两个属性,我们就能够计算出下载进度了^_^。但是问题来了,我们怎样才能够实时的去接收这两个属性的变化值呢?由于信号只连接一次,因此不能够让信号多次连接来更新这两个属性值,经过搜索资料以及查看Qt帮助,我们发现,当接收到downloadRequested信号转入对应槽onDownloadRequested以后,只要我们记住这个槽携带的参数,实时读取这个参数的值,就可以更新进度了(个人猜测这个传入的参数是引用或指针,Qt在帮助中应该告诉开发者的,否则很难想通的,如果不查看他的demo和帮助,也很少有人想到这里的),因此设置了一个全局属性property var downloads;来记住这个值,然后启用定时器通过downloads对界面进行更新,这样,就达到了对下载进度的显示^_^。

至此,QML开发浏览并器支持下载功能基本实现了,接下来就是美化和优化界面的事了,这里就不一一细细道来。


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