在CentOS7上安装MySQL的辛路历程

今天突然心血来潮，想把博客转移到到自己的云服务器上，嗯，想法不错，正好能练练手（后来找到了别的解决方案Hexo，才发现自己有多幼稚，果然是脑子一热，啥事想得出来，但是在这个过程中也学到了一些东西）。CentOS上安装MySQL数据库，linux配mysql，哎哟，不错哦。（→_→在找到别的解决方案后，马上就被我给卸了）。

二话不说上yum安装大法

[root@VM_235_40_centos ~]# yum install mysqlLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfileResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.52-1.el7 for package: 1: mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.35-3.el7 will be updated---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be an update--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================ Package              Arch           Version                   Repository  Size================================================================================Installing: mariadb              x86_64         1:5.5.52-1.el7            os         8.7 MUpdating for dependencies: mariadb-libs         x86_64         1:5.5.52-1.el7            os         761 kTransaction Summary================================================================================Install  1 PackageUpgrade             ( 1 Dependent package)Total download size: 9.5 MIs this ok [y/d/N]: yDownloading packages:Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.(1/2): mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                | 761 kB   00:00(2/2): mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                     | 8.7 MB   00:00--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total                                               16 MB/s | 9.5 MB  00:00Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction  Updating   : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64                           1/3  Installing : 1:mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64                                2/3  Cleanup    : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.35-3.el7.x86_64                           3/3  Verifying  : 1:mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64                                1/3  Verifying  : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64                           2/3  Verifying  : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.35-3.el7.x86_64                           3/3Installed:  mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7Dependency Updated:  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7Complete!

不知道是不是当时太兴奋，也没看安装提示直接就填了yes，等安装完傻眼了，MariaDB是什么鬼。孤陋寡闻的我，赶忙去问度娘，原来是mysql的一个分支。

我想要个“正房”，你却给我安了个“小三”；想养个海豚，你TM给我个海豹。
卧槽，我说这好歹也是IT三巨头之一啊，yum库竟然连个mysql都没有。

果断把“小三”给删了

[root@VM_235_40_centos ~]# yum erase mysqlLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be erased--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================ Package          Arch            Version                    Repository    Size================================================================================Removing: mariadb          x86_64          1:5.5.52-1.el7             @os           48 MTransaction Summary================================================================================Remove  1 PackageInstalled size: 48 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading packages:Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction  Erasing    : 1:mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64                                1/1  Verifying  : 1:mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64                                1/1Removed:  mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7Complete!

唉，自己动手丰衣足食，上官网逛逛去。



国外的东西就是好，东西给你了，连教程都准备好了，可惜了我这连四级都没过的英语水平啊，没办法硬着头皮也要看哪。

看看官网给出的具体步骤：

1. 添加mysql yum 库

a. 首先要到MySQL yum库的下载页面http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

b. 找一个跟自己平台匹配的发行包，用uname命令看看自己的平台版本

c. 用wget命令把相应的rpm包下下来，这个包很小只有几k

    [root@VM_235_40_centos ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-9.ch.rpm    --2017-04-05 16:32:26--  https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm    Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 23.50.25.213    Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|23.50.25.213|:443... connected.    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK    Length: 9224 (9.0K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]    Saving to: 'mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm'    100%[============================================================>] 9,224       --.-K/s   in 0s    2017-04-05 16:32:28 (75.1 MB/s) - 'mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm' saved [9224/9224]

d. 把这个包安装上

    [root@VM_235_40_centos ~]# rpm -Uvh mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm    warning: mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5KEY    Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]    Updating / installing...       1:mysql57-community-release-el7-9  ################################# [100%]    [root@VM_235_40_centos ~]cd /etc/yum.repos.d    #安装完成后会发现/etc/yum.repos.d会多了两个mysql的repo文件    [root@VM_235_40_centos yum.repos.d]# ls     CentOS-Base.repo  mysql-community-source.repo    CentOS-Epel.repo  mysql-community.repo

2. 看看文件里有啥东西

    [root@VM_235_40_centos yum.repos.d]# more mysql-community.repo    [mysql-connectors-community]    name=MySQL Connectors Community    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/7/$basearch/    enabled=1    gpgcheck=1    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql    [mysql-tools-community]    name=MySQL Tools Community    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/$basearch/    enabled=1    gpgcheck=1    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql    # Enable to use MySQL 5.5    [mysql55-community]    name=MySQL 5.5 Community Server    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/7/$basearch/    enabled=0    gpgcheck=1    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql    # Enable to use MySQL 5.6    [mysql56-community]    name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/$basearch/    enabled=0    gpgcheck=1    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql    [mysql57-community]    name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/    enabled=1    gpgcheck=1    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql    [mysql80-community]    name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/$basearch/    enabled=0    gpgcheck=1    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql    [mysql-tools-preview]    name=MySQL Tools Preview    baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-preview/el/7/$basearch/    enabled=0    gpgcheck=1    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

按照官网的说法，在这个文件中你可以配置你想要安装的mysql版本，如果需要安装这个版本就设置enabled=1,不需要的版本就把它设置为0。这里我安装5.7的版本

3. 完事具备，接下来就可以来安装mysql了

[root@VM_235_40_centos yum.repos.d]# yum install mysql-community-serverLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfileResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.17-1.el6 for package: mysql-communserver-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64......---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be obsoleting--> Finished Dependency ResolutionError: Package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 (@anaconda)           Requires: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)           Removing: 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 (@os)               libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)           Obsoleted By: mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64 (mysql57-community)              ~libmysqlclient.so.20()(64bit)Error: Package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 (@anaconda)           Requires: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)           Removing: 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 (@os)               libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)           Obsoleted By: mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64 (mysql57-community)               Not found You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest

纳尼，竟然安装出错，出什么鬼了。原来是mariadb没有删除干净，我的天，自己挖坑自己跳。

[root@VM_235_40_centos yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa|grep mariadbmariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64[root@VM_235_40_centos yum.repos.d]# rpm -ev mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 --nodepsPreparing packages...mariadb-libs-1:5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64

再来一遍

[root@VM_235_40_centos yum.repos.d]# yum install mysql-community-serverLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfileResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed......---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================================== Package                       Arch          Version               Repository                Size==================================================================================================Installing: mysql-community-server        x86_64        5.7.17-1.el6          mysql57-community        151 MInstalling for dependencies: mysql-community-client        x86_64        5.7.17-1.el6          mysql57-community         23 M mysql-community-common        x86_64        5.7.17-1.el6          mysql57-community        328 k mysql-community-libs          x86_64        5.7.17-1.el6          mysql57-community        2.1 M numactl-libs                  x86_64        2.0.9-6.el7_2         os                        29 kTransaction Summary==================================================================================================Install  1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)Total download size: 177 MInstalled size: 879 MIs this ok [y/d/N]: yDownloading packages:mysql-community-common-5.7.17- FAILEDhttp://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not FoundTrying other mirror.mysql-community-client-5.7.17- FAILEDhttp://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not FoundTrying other mirror.......Error downloading packages:  mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.  mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.  mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.  mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.

尼玛，又出错了，Linux上装软件就是蛋疼，404错误请求失败，这又是什么鬼，我前前后后有把安装过程捋了一遍，还是出错，不行，默默地问度娘去。
这里有篇博客，里面说是yum缓存的问题，好吧清楚缓存。

[root@VM_235_40_centos yum.repos.d]# cd /var/cache[root@VM_235_40_centos cache]# lshttpd  ldconfig  man  yum[root@VM_235_40_centos cache]# cd yum[root@VM_235_40_centos yum]# lsx86_64[root@VM_235_40_centos yum]# rm -drf x86_64[root@VM_235_40_centos yum]# ls

重新再来

[root@VM_235_40_centos yum]# yum install mysql-community-serverLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksepel                                                                       | 4.3 kB  00:00:00extras                                                                     | 3.4 kB  00:00:00mysql-connectors-community                                                 | 2.5 kB  00:00:00mysql-tools-community                                                      | 2.5 kB  00:00:00mysql57-community                                                          | 2.5 kB  00:00:00os                                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00updates                                                                    | 3.4 kB  00:00:00(1/10): epel/7/x86_64/group_gz                                             | 170 kB  00:00:00(2/10): epel/7/x86_64/updateinfo                                           | 762 kB  00:00:00(3/10): epel/7/x86_64/primary_db                                           | 4.6 MB  00:00:00(4/10): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                         | 139 kB  00:00:00(5/10): os/7/x86_64/group_gz                                               | 155 kB  00:00:00(6/10): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                        | 3.8 MB  00:00:00(7/10): os/7/x86_64/primary_db                                             | 5.6 MB  00:00:00(8/10): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db                       |  13 kB  00:00:00(9/10): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db                            |  32 kB  00:00:00(10/10): mysql57-community/x86_64/primary_db                               |  96 kB  00:00:01Determining fastest mirrorsResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el7 will be installed......--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================================== Package                       Arch          Version               Repository                Size==================================================================================================Installing: mysql-community-server        x86_64        5.7.17-1.el7          mysql57-community        162 MInstalling for dependencies: mysql-community-client        x86_64        5.7.17-1.el7          mysql57-community         24 M mysql-community-common        x86_64        5.7.17-1.el7          mysql57-community        271 k mysql-community-libs          x86_64        5.7.17-1.el7          mysql57-community        2.1 M numactl-libs                  x86_64        2.0.9-6.el7_2         os                        29 kTransaction Summary==================================================================================================Install  1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)Total download size: 188 MInstalled size: 847 MIs this ok [y/d/N]: yDownloading packages:warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEYPublic key for mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed(1/5): mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                      | 271 kB  00:00:03(2/5): mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                        | 2.1 MB  00:00:52(3/5): numactl-libs-2.0.9-6.el7_2.x86_64.rpm                               |  29 kB  00:00:00(4/5): mysql-community-client-5.7. 6% [=-                       ] 101 kB/s |  12 MB  00:29:51 ETA

没问题了，只是我这服务器带宽不行，默默地等吧。

Installed:  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el7Dependency Installed:  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el7  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el7  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.17-1.el7  numactl-libs.x86_64 0:2.0.9-6.el7_2Complete!

此处应有掌声

4. 最后一步了，启动服务

官网的安装指南使用service mysqld start，CentOS7改用systemctl命令启动服务了，使用service命令会默认转向调用systemctl命令的。

附加步骤，修改MySQL密码，修改MySQL默认端口

MySQL5.7之前的版本如果按照这种方式安装后，默认是没有密码的。对于MySQL5.7 有点特殊，下面是官网描述MySQL5.7的安装过程：
- 服务初始化
- 在data文件夹生成SSL证书和密钥
- 安装validate_password 插件并生效
- 创建数据库超级管理员’root@localhost’，并为他生成密码

也就是说MySQL5.7后生成了为root超级管理员生成了一个密码，这个密码在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中

shell> sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

上面红圈部分就是生成的随即密码，然后进入mysql修改密码，当然修改密码的方式有很多种，这个可以自行百度。

修改端口
mysql的配置文件在/etc/my.cnf

修改端口只需要添加一行port=[修改的端口号]，记得重启服务

搞了两节课终于TM折腾完了

命令总结

yum： Yellow dog Updater, Modified， 解决rpm包依赖的软件安装工具，可以在/etc/yum.config文件中进行yum的配置，yum数据源默认放在/etc/yum.repos.d/文件夹下。可以认为是rpm的加强版。
rpm： RedHat Package Manager，软件安装包的管理器，可以用来安装或删除软件。
wget： World Wide Web Get，wget是一个从网络上自动下载文件的自由工具，支持HTTP、HTTPS、FTP常见协议。
uname： Unix Name，显示主机操作系统名称。