Leading and Trailing

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You are given two integers: n and k, your task is to find the most significant three digits, and least significant three digits ofnk.

Input

Input starts with an integer T (≤ 1000), denoting the number of test cases.

Each case starts with a line containing two integers: n (2 ≤ n < 231) andk (1 ≤ k ≤ 107).

Output

For each case, print the case number and the three leading digits (most significant) and three trailing digits (least significant). You can assume that the input is given such thatnk contains at least six digits.

Sample Input

5

123456 1

123456 2

2 31

2 32

29 8751919

Sample Output

Case 1: 123 456

Case 2: 152 936

Case 3: 214 648

Case 4: 429 296

Case 5: 665 669

题意是求出 n^k 的前3 个数 和 后3个数
刚开始看到的时候后三个数好求,可以快速幂取余得到
对于前三个数,需要利用到数学的变形
首先,对于任意的一个数都可以转化成
10^x (x 为浮点数) = 10^a * 10^b (a,b 也是浮点数)的形式,
其中 10 ^ a 表示结果的位数,10^b 表示对应位的值。所以可以先求到 x 的值,再求到 b 的值,求到 10^b ,即求到了该数对应位置的值(浮点数),再乘以系数,就能得到前3位的值;
#include<cstdio>#include<cstring>#include<cmath>#include<cstdlib>#include<queue>#include<algorithm>#define ll long long#define inf 0x3f3f3f3f#define manx 1000007  // 1e6+7using namespace std;int quick_pow(int n,int k){    ll tmp = n % 1000;    ll res = 1;    while( k )    {        if( k % 2 )            res = ( res * tmp) % 1000;        tmp = ( tmp * tmp) % 1000;        k /= 2;    }    return res;}int main(){    int t;    ll n,k;    scanf("%d",&t);    int i=0;    while(t--)    {        ++i;        scanf("%lld%lld",&n,&k);        double tmp = (double)k*log10(n*1.0); // 求出 x 的值        tmp = tmp - (int)tmp;                // 求出 x 的小数部分        tmp = pow(10.0,tmp);                 // n^k = 10^x = 10^a * 10^b  (a 为整数部分,b 为小数部分)        int ans1 = (int) (tmp * 100.0);        int ans2 = quick_pow(n,k);        printf("Case %d: %d %03d\n",i,ans1,ans2);// 后三位保留3位输出    }}

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